HPLC测定木香顺气丸中的木香烃内酯

目的 测定不同批次木香顺气丸中的木香烃内酯的含量.方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Kromasil C18 (250 mm ×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(60∶40),检测波长225 nm,流速1.0 mL· min-1,柱温30℃,进样体积10 μL.结果 木香烃内酯1.033 ～ 20.67 μg·mL-1与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r =0.9999),平均加样回收率为98.95％,RSD=1.2％ (n =9);5批次木香顺气丸中的木香烃内酯的含量为0.08％.结论 所用方法简单、稳定,可作为木香顺气丸的品质评价依据之一.     

HPLC同时测定肠康片中吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱、木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的含量

目的 建立肠康片中吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱、木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的HPLC含量测定方法。方法 色谱柱为岛津Eclipse-XDB-C₁₈柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.02%磷酸(40∶60),流速1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温为35℃,检测波长为225 nm。结果 吴茱萸碱y=102097.5127x+1168.9695(r=0.9999),线性范围为0.5016～5.0160μg·mL^-1,平均回收率为101.52%,RSD=1.87%(n=6);吴茱萸次碱：y=524410184x-316.7073(r=0.9998),线性范围为0.5021～5.0209μg·mL^-1,平均回收率为101.56%、RSD=2.06%(n=6);木香烃内酯：y=1757575.24234x-75774.20833(r=0.9996),线性范围为0.0299～0.2993 mg·mL^-1,平均回收率为100.05%、RSD=1.26%(n=6);去氢木香内酯：y...     

HPLC法测定复方黄连素片中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定复方黄连素片中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的含量方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定复方黄连素片中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的含量。色谱柱为C18柱(250×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(53∶47),检测波长为225nm。结果木香烃内酯在0.04～1.04μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9999,平均回收率99.60%,RSD(n=6)为1.58%;去氢木香内酯在0.04～1.02μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9999,平均回收率99.76%,RSD(n=6)为1.25%。结论方法简便、准确,重复性好,可作为复方黄连素片的定量控制方法。     

RP-HPLC法测定六味木香胶囊中木香烃内酯含量

目的建立六味木香胶囊中木香烃内酯的含量测定方法。方法采用RP-HPLC法测定含量。使用Kromasil C18(4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm)的色谱柱,紫外检测波长为225 nm,流动相为甲醇-水(体积比为65∶35),流速为1.0 mL.min-1。结果木香烃内酯质量浓度在22.5~180.0 mg.L-1内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9),回归方程为A=4.390 6×104ρ-3.167×105,平均回收率为98.3%(RSD=0.7%,n=9)。结论RP-HPLC法适用于六味木香胶囊中木香烃内酯的含量测定。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定复方木香小檗碱片中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的含量

目的建立复方木香小檗碱片中吴茱萸碱与吴茱萸次碱含量测定的方法。方法采用RP-HPLC法,ODS2柱（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）,以乙腈-水（39：61）为流动相;流速为1.0mL·min^-1;检测波长为225nm;柱温为35℃;进样量为20μL。结果吴菜萸碱在2．096～10．480μg·mL^-1与峰面积有良好的线性关系,其平均回收率为98．76％,方法精密度（RSD）为1．68％（n=6）;吴茱萸次碱在2．816～14．080μg·mL^-1与峰面积有艮好的线性关系,其平均回收率为99．54％,方法精密度（RSD）为1．93％（n=6）。结论所建立的方法简便易行、准确可靠,可用于复方木香小檗碱片中吴茱萸碱与吴茱萸次碱的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定归脾丸中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的含量

目的 建立HPLC法测定归脾丸中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的含量的方法.方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Agilent Eclipse SB-C18柱（150mm×4.6mm,5μm）,流动相为乙腈：0.1%磷酸溶液（45：55）,流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为225nm.结果 木香烃内酯在0.1018～1.018μg间线性良好,r=0.9999,平均回收率为99.37%,RSD（n=9）为1.2%;去氢木香内酯在0.1034～1.034μg间线性良好,r=0.9999,平均回收率为98.60%,RSD（n=9）为0.9%.结论 该方法灵敏、准确、简便、重复性好,可作为归脾丸的定量控制方法.     

不同厂家香连丸中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的含量测定

目的建立同时测定香连丸中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯含量的方法,分析不同厂家香连丸中两成分含量。方法采用高效液相色谱法,色谱条件:Chromsil C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm),以甲醇-水(65∶35)为流动相,流速1 m L·min-1,检测波长225 nm,柱温30℃。结果木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯分别在0.009 4~0.023 6μg和0.021 8~0.108 8μg进样量范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 6,0.999 2),木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯的回收率均在95%~105%。不同厂家香连丸中木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯的含量范围分别为0.16~0.83 mg·g-1和1.45~7.40 mg·g-1。结论该方法可准确测定香连丸中木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯的含量,市售香连丸中两成分含量差别较大,需要加强其质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定芩香颗粒中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的含量

目的建立同时测定芩香颗粒中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯含量的高效液相色谱法。方法采用Promosilc18（4．6mm×250mm,5Mm）色谱柱,流动相为甲醇．水（65：35,v／v）,流速1．0mL·min^-1,检测波长225nm,柱温为30℃。结果木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的浓度分别在0．0278～0．2498mg·mL^-1（r=0．9995）和0．041～0．369mg·mL^-1（r=1．000）与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;平均回收率（n=9）分别为99．4％和100．5％。结论本方法简便,重复性好,精密度和准确度都符合要求,可作为芩香颗粒的质量控制方法之一。     

HPLC法测定肠康片中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的含量

目的建立肠康片中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的HPLC含量测定方法。方法色谱柱为安捷伦Eclipse-XDB-C18柱（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）,甲醇-水（65：35）为流动相,流速：1.0mL.min-1,检测波长为225nm,柱温：35℃。结果木香烃内酯在0.045～0.89μg范围内线性关系良好（r=0.99996）,平均回收率为98.5%,RSD=0.2%（n=6）;去氢木香内酯在0.058～1.17μg范围内线性关系良好（r=1.0000）,平均回收率为100.8%,RSD=0.2%（n=6）。结论方法准确可靠,可作为肠康片的质量控制方法。     

HPLC法同时测定六味能消胶囊中木香烃内酯、去氢木香烃内酯大黄素、大黄酚的含量

目的:建立六味能消胶囊中木香烃内酯、去氢木香烃内酯、大黄素、大黄酚4个成分含量测定的方法。方法:采用Atlantis C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.1%磷酸水为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长225 nm(0~25 min检测木香烃内酯、去氢木香烃内酯)、254 nm(25~40 min检测大黄素、大黄酚),柱温25℃。结果:木香烃内酯、去氢木香烃内酯、大黄素、大黄酚的线性范围分别为0.665 6~33.28、0.563 7~31.84、0.524 8~26.24、0.585 6~29.28μg·m L-1;平均回收率(n=6)分别为99.28%(RSD=1.8%),101.7%(RSD=1.6%),101.2%(RSD=2.0%),99.36%(RSD=1.8%)。5批样品中木香烃内酯、去氢木香烃内酯、大黄素、大黄酚含量分别为2.32~2.41、2.48~2.62、0.42~0.48、1.26~1.33 mg·g-1。结论:该方法可用于六味能消胶囊中木香烃内酯、去氢木香烃内酯、大黄素、大黄酚的同时测定。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Glycofection: The Ubiquitous Roles of Sugar Bound on Glycoplexes

Glycofection (transfection by using sugar-substituted polylysine) was assessed in order to provide an alternative to viral vectors for the transfer of genes into vascular smooth muscle cells. A rabbit vascular smooth muscle cell line (Rb-1 cells) was selectively transfected by using glycoplexes (glycosylated polylysine/pSV2LUC complexes) in the presence of 10 mu M of the fusogenic peptide GALA. A sugar-specific transfection was obtained when the glycofection was conducted for 1 h with glycoplexes containing either alpha Gal, alpha -Glc, alpha -GalNAc, beta -GlcNAc, or beta -GalNAc residues. The gene expression was high after transfection, with glycoplexes bearing alpha Gal, alpha -GalNAc, or beta -GalNAc residues that were weakly internalized, and low with glycoplexes carrying Lact or Rha residues that were well taken up by cells. These results suggest that 1) glycofection can be a good approach for a selective transfer of genes intovascular smooth muscle cells, 2) an efficient uptake of the glycoplexes is not the unique limiting step for an efficient transfection, and 3) the sugar-dependent trafficking of the glycoplexes inside the cells may account for the transfection efficiency.     

直肠癌下切缘病理组织学分析

目的探讨直肠癌逆向浸润与下切缘的安全距离的关系。方法对36例直肠癌Miles手术和Dixon手术后标本的肿瘤下缘1.0cm、2.0cm、3.0cm的肠壁及对应的系膜病理组织学检查,观察直肠癌逆向浸润或转移的距离。结果36例直肠癌标本距癌肿下缘1.0 cm、2.0cm、3.0cm的肠壁及对应的系膜病理组织学检查均为阴性,结论直肠癌远恻逆向浸润或转移未见超过1.0cm,因此认为保肛手术时切除肿瘤远侧肠管(包括系膜)2.0cm是安全的。