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抗甲状腺药物治疗Graves病复发率高 有多种治疗方案可用于Graves病（GD），包括抗甲状腺药物（ATDs）、放射性碘（RAI）和甲状腺切除术。为了确定各种治疗方案的复发率，以及现有的关于ATDs不良反应的数据，来自美国马约诊所Bahn教授及其团队进行了一项研究，该研究发现ATDs治疗GD复发率高。     

甲氨喋呤在抗宫外孕及抗早孕中的研究现状

甲氨喋呤在抗宫外孕及抗早孕中的研究现状上海华联制药公司（２０００８３）姚强（综述）陈留村（审校）甲氨喋呤（ＭＴＸ）是一种抗肿瘤药物，目前临床发现甲氨喋呤还具有抗宫外孕及抗早孕等新用途。其结构与叶酸相似，通常认为能与二氢叶酸还原酶结合，阻止二氢叶酸（Ｆ...     

替米沙坦治疗慢性心力衰竭临床疗效观察

目前充血性心力衰竭（CHF）的发病率和病死率仍然很高。随着人们对CHF研究的深入，血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂（ACEI）、β-受体阻滞剂、利尿剂及醛固受体拈抗剂已成为CHF的常规治疗药物，而血管紧张素Ⅱ（Ang Ⅱ）受体拈抗剂（ARB）治疗CHF的有效性及安全性仍在不断的研究中。替米沙坦是一种新的ARB，能够高效、持续地拈抗ATI受体。我院使用替米沙坦治疗CHF，取得了很好的效果。现报告如下。     

类风湿性关节炎患者血清中抗CCP抗体及AKA的水平

类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种致残性自身免疫性疾病，发病率约为0．3％，发病两年内即可出现不可逆的骨关节破坏。本文对类风湿性关节炎患者血清中抗角蛋白抗体（AKA）、抗环瓜氨酸多肽（CCP）抗体、抗天然兀型胶原（抗NaH）、血清可溶性CD137（SCD137）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、类风湿因子（RF）、血沉（ESR）进行了检测，旨在初步了解其与RA发病的关系。     

AD452治疗RA有希望的结果

英国私营医药公司Arakis已表示其新型类风湿性关节炎（RA）治疗药AD452（Ⅰ）在治疗该病的Ⅱa期研究中是安全的。（Ⅰ）是一种广谱抗细胞因子调节剂，其他的DMARDs（疾病改善抗类风湿药）与一些细胞因子相互作用，而（Ⅰ）是一种有广泛活性的小分子，所以具有希望。     

碳酸锂抗诱变作用的研究

本研究首次用体外培养人胚纤维母细胞（ＨＥＦ）和活体小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞（ＰＣＥ）两种生物系统，选择四种不同性质的诱变剂（ＵＶ、ＮＨ２ＨＣｌ、ＮａＡｓＯ２、ＣＰ）诱导三种不同效应水平（ＵＤＳ、ＣＡ、ＭＮ）的诱变模型，并采用受试物多种处理方式，从遗传学角度综合评估了碳酸锂的抗诱变作用。结果表明碳酸锂本身未见诱变活性。在多种水平的抗诱变试验终点中，明确显示了诱变抑制作用，可能有使用价值。     

658例门诊精神病患者抗精神病药物应用分析

目的了解门诊精神病患者抗精神病药物的使用情况，为临床合理用药提供参考。方法抽样调查浙江省立同德医院2005年9月658张抗精神病药物处方用药情况。结果共涉及25种治疗方案，其中使用1种抗精神病药物的治疗方案有7种348张（52．89％），使用2种的有15种307张（46．66％），使用3种的有3种3张（0．45％）。抗精神病药物治疗方案居前5位的依次为利培酮、氯氮平、奥氮平、氯氮平＋碳酸锂、奎硫平；使用率居前5位的分别是氯氮平（35．41％）、利培酮（25．68％）、舒必利（19．76％）、奥氮平（13．83％）、奎硫平（13．37％）。结论该院抗精神病药物的处方用药情况基本合理，非典型抗精神病药物已成为临床首选。     

氯氮平引致低血压临床分析

氯氮平（Clothiapine）是一种有效的抗精神病药物，有较好的抗幻觉、妄想及抗兴奋躁动作用，但它所致低血压［1，2］应引起临床注意，现把氯氮平引致低血压研究报道如下。1．方法与标准：本文按人院顺序随机抽取1990～1995年住院和门诊精神病人按中国精神疾病诊断标准诊断精神分裂症［排除脑器质性指征（CT证实）、神经官能症、精神因素（紧张忧郁）和过敏史］服氯氮平826例，其中首次服用氯氮平引致低血压82例（占10．7％）。后把82例分为未服过抗精神病药45例（为A组）和服过一种或多种抗精神病药37例（为B组）行临床比较。所有服氯氮平…     

抗耐药菌药物研究进展

近年来医药界十分关注抗耐药菌药物研究，有两种主要抗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA），耐青霉素肺炎链球菌（PRSP），耐万古霉素肠球菌（VRE）等革兰阳性耐药菌的新药上市，有一批新广谱抗生素临床应用，还有若干颇具开发前景的化合物正在研究中，本文分3个部分综述了近年来研究进展（1）新型结构，新作用机制、新作用靶位的新药研究；（2）抗生素与合成抗菌药的结构修饰；（3）增强与保护抗菌药物性能的物质诸如抗菌增强剂，抗生素酶抑制剂，膜渗透性增强剂，外排泵抑制剂等研究。     

英夫利西单抗的药物经济学研究

注射用的英夫利西单克隆抗体（infliximab，商品名：类克，Remicade）是一种抗类风湿病的生物制剂，与甲氨蝶呤合用可治疗中、重度活动性类风湿关节炎（RA）、强直性脊柱炎（AS）及克罗恩病。英夫利西能明显地延缓疾病的进展，提高生存的质量，本文将对英夫利西单抗的药物经济学研究做一综述，一方面是报告英夫利西的药物经济学研究方法和结果，另一方面也为今后进行其他生物制剂研究时提供参考。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.