围绕公共卫生危机，健全救助支持系统的思考

由于健康是人类生存的一种状态，是生活质量的重要标志，因而医疗卫生作为恢复健康，保证人类正常生活的手段，就成为人类基本生存条件之一。可以说，保障人民群众的基本物质生活权利，同保障人民群众的基本医疗权利，共同构成了人民群众的基本生存权利。而公共卫生危机与人民群众的生存权利息息相关，因此，完善的医疗救助与社会支持系统对于应对公共卫生危机是至关重要的。     

动物权利问题的伦理之维及其对疫情防控的启示

在西方环境伦理史上,“动物权利”的话语一直是一个历久弥新的话题,人类中心主义和非人类中心主义两大派别都对动物权利进行过深入探讨。传统人类中心主义认为动物没有道德权利;开明人类中心主义认为动物是否拥有道德权利并不能作为人类是否对动物负责的充分理由,人对动物的道德义务是对人类行善的练习;非人类中心主义认为人与动物的道德权利不过是程度之差,而没有本质之别。当前,在人类生存和发展遭遇疫情肆虐的情况下,对动物权利问题的伦理探讨,既有助于人类正视和客观应对灾疫中的动物伦理问题,从而转变人的价值观念,警示人类对自然界保持敬畏;又有助于人类对因滥食“野味”引发的问题进行伦理反思,培养健康的生活方式,为有效防控新冠肺炎疫情及其传播提供必要的伦理支持。     

从SARS防治看患者权利的相对性

任何权利都有它特定的行使范围，都是相对的，没有不受限制的权利。患者的权利也是一样。患者有哪些权利?患者的权利为什么会受到限制?受到哪些限制?本文从对SABS防治角度，来探讨患者权利的滥用。     

关于汤姆·雷根动物权利理论困境的解析

汤姆·雷根作为动物权利运动最杰出的代表,曾经用大量充满激情的语言呼吁动物权利,但由于对动物权利理论的来源?存在基础?保护范围的界定等方面缺乏具有说服力的论证,在实践层面其所主张的“空笼理论”也不具备现实的可行性?但不容否认,动物权利理论作为一种现实的理论表现形态,仍不失为人类伦理学发展史上一个具有重要意义的进步?     

教师权利观及其法律救济:教师专业化发展的前提

教师专业化发展的前提是教师权利的有效保障：法律意义上的教师权利包括社会生活权利和职业权利，当两者受到侵犯时，可以寻求法律救济的途径去维护教师的权利。     

高校读者权利维护

1概念界定与问题提出探讨高校读者权利,必须理清3个范围递减的核心概念:“权利”,“读者权利”和“高校读者权利”。1.1权利“权利”一词在古代汉语里早就出现了,但大都是消极的或贬义的。如“接之于声色、权利、忿怒、患险而观其能无离守也”,“或尚仁义,或务权利”。19世纪中     

论妇女在人工流产中的主体地位

妇女在人工流产中的主体地位表现为妇女在人工流产中权利与责任义务的高度统一。妇女在人工流产中的权利有：妇女的生命权、妇女的健康权、妇女在生育、人工流产中的自主权。妇女在行使自己的权利的同时，必须承担着对社会、国家、他人、孩子的责任和义务，否则，其权利最终得不到充分的保障，妇女在人工流产中的主体地位也将受到削弱甚至丧失。     

现实中的医德权利冲突及其对策

实践中的医德权利关系是医德权利一致性与非一致性的统一体.虽然其一致性居主导地位,但非一致性不可忽视,而且这种非一致性在某些因素的催化之下还往往形成冲突.具体分析表明,客观存在的医德权利冲突现象和日益高涨的医德权利意识,对临床医患关系道德建设提出了更高要求,而从根本上解决这一问题的正确对策是以四条基本原则来化解冲突.     

我国病患知情同意权利的立法审视

病患知情同意权利是病患在医患关系中享有的一项基本权利，该权利的实现离不开医方告知义务的履行。我国现行有关立法，通过对医方告知义务的规定，确认了病患知情同意权利。但现行立法还存在立法不统一、告知范围不清、可操作性差等缺陷，使医方履行告知义务仍具有较大的随意性，影响了病患知情同意权利的实现。我国现行病患知情同意权利的立法应进行修订完善，进一步明确病患知情同意权利的范围、主体，增强立法的可操作性。     

医患人员对现代医院患者经济权利看法的比较

现代医院与患者，医生与患者存在着频繁的经济活动，有经济利益的公开、合法、合理的交换，也存在着不公开、不合法、不合理的交换。侵犯患者的经济权利的现象经常可见。本研究通过不同人员对现代医院患者经济权利的看法进行比较分析，旨在提高医患双方的法制观念、权利意...     

生命伦理学视野中的儒家伦理及其当代价值

中国传统儒家伦理可以为生命伦理学提供深厚的文化根基。从生命伦理学的视野探讨儒家的生死观、天人整体观、人伦秩序原则和儒家的见利思义原则,吸取儒家传统文化中的有益成分,剔除其糟粕,为当代生命伦理学研究提供借鉴。     

我国健康服务业发展的生命伦理学研究

随着生活水平的提高,广大群众对健康服务的需求持续增长,健康服务业已成为我国经济发展新的增长点和保障、改善民生的重大举措.健康服务业的产生基于维护公民生命＂健康权＂这一基本人权,与生命伦理具有内在关联性,其后天的发展中同样展现了生命伦理的性状和特质.健康服务业发展的生命伦理原则包括：公益原则、人道原则、互惠原则.     

Ethical issues in transfusion medicine

The practice of transfusion medicine involves a number of ethical issues because blood comes from human beings and is a precious resource with a limited shelf life. In 1980 the International Society of Blood Transfusion endorsed its first formal code of ethics, which was adopted by the World Health Organisation and the League of Red Crescent Societies. A revised code of ethics for donation and transfusion was endorsed in 2000. Blood donation as a gift, donor confidentiality, donor notification and donor consent, consent for transfusion, the right to refuse blood transfusion, the right to be informed if harmed, and ethical principles for establishments, are discussed in the international and Indian contexts.     

医院人事管理中的伦理学思考

做好医院人事管理工作,不仅要有正确的工作方法和相应的工作能力,更需要有良好的人文基础特别是伦理学素养。从伦理价值观角度,结合医院人事管理经验,通过尊重人才营造公平公正环境、加强招聘中的品格测试、强化医学人文和伦理素质培养、坚守人事纪律和职业道德等方面分析,来探讨伦理学素养对提高医院管理水平的意义。     

论医学伦理学的自主性原则

自主性原则是对个人的自主和自由的尊重,其核心是对人权的尊重,包含有知情同意、保密、隐私等具体规则.自主性原则根源于强调个性自由和选择的自由主义道德传统,虽为西方医学伦理学所倡导,但我国古代哲人也提出过相近乃至相同的看法.     

Human rights and bioethics

In the first part of this article we survey the concept of human rights from a philosophical perspective and especially in relation to the "right to healthcare". It is argued that regardless of meta-ethical debates on the nature of rights, the ethos and language of moral deliberation associated with human rights is indispensable to any ethics that places the victim and the sufferer in its centre. In the second part we discuss the rise of the "right to privacy", particularly in the USA, as an attempt to make the element of personal free will dominate over the element of basic human interest within the structure of rights and when different rights seem to conflict. We conclude by discussing the relationship of human rights with moral values beyond the realm of rights, mainly human dignity, free will, human rationality and response to basic human needs.     

Discrimination of the Governance Principles of Science and Technology Ethics and Dissemination of Ideas

Ethical governance is inherent in responsible research and innovation. The Opinions on Strengthening Ethical Governance of Science and Technology puts forward five ethical principles:promoting human well-being, respecting the right to life, adhering to fairness and justice, reasonably controlling risks and maintaining openness and transparency. This paper interpreted the ideas, key points and difficulties of these five ethical principles. Three suggestions were put forward to strengthen the ethics education of science and technology:first, optimize the curriculum of science and technology ethics for related majors in colleges and universities, and help young students understand ethical principles and establish the correct ethics view of science and technology; second, colleges and universities should carry out education and training for teachers, researchers, managers and members of ethics committees, and actively explore scientific research ethics training and effect evaluation; third, the professional courses offered by college teachers should be organically integrated with the ideological and political content of the courses to play a warning role. © 2022, Editorial department of Chinese Medical Ethics. All rights reserved.     

创造·完整·健康：生命伦理学释义

生命伦理学是对生命世界中的人类生命予以生态整体的伦理拷问的学问。创造、完整、健康，构成了生命伦理学构建的目标蓝图，即它应以生命的亲生命本性为自然基石，唤醒人的生命主体性，激活人人平等的天赋生命知情权和生命生死权，引导人以生命的自身之力而勇往直前、义无反顾地追求生命创造，实现生命存在的完整和生存健康。     

Medicine and the Holocaust: a visit to the Nazi death camps as a means of teaching medical ethics in the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps

A novel method of teaching military medical ethics, medical ethics and military ethics in the Israel Defense Force (IDF) Medical Corps, essential topics for all military medical personnel, is discussed. Very little time is devoted to medical ethics in medical curricula, and even less to military medical ethics. Ninety-five per cent of American students in eight medical schools had less than 1 h of military medical ethics teaching and few knew the basic tenets of the Geneva Convention. Medical ethics differs from military medical ethics: the former deals with the relationship between medical professional and patient, while in the latter military physicians have to balance between military necessity and their traditional priorities to their patients. The underlying principles, however, are the same in both: the right to life, autonomy, dignity and utility. The IDF maintains high moral and ethical standards. This stems from the preciousness of human life in Jewish history, tradition and religious law. Emphasis is placed on these qualities within the Israeli education system; the IDF teaches and enforces moral and ethical standards in all of its training programmes and units. One such programme is 'Witnesses in Uniform' in which the IDF takes groups of officers to visit Holocaust memorial sites and Nazi death camps. During these visits daily discussions touch on intricate medical and military ethical issues, and contemporary ethical dilemmas relevant to IDF officers during active missions.     

进修医生带教中的医德教育

医德教育是临床进修医生教育的重要一环,直接关系到医院医疗质量及医疗水平的提高.作者强调培养进修医生与患者沟通的能力,换位思考,注重对患者的人文关怀,教育进修医生尊重患者的权力,保护患者的隐私权,在与病患交流时采用规范用语,并通过在临床实践中教育进修医生遵循循证医学原则,调动进修医生的积极性,在提高临床诊断治疗水平的同时,使进修医生在医德医术上有所提高.