金钗石斛的芴酮类成分研究

目的:研究金钗石斛的芴酮类化学成分。方法:利用各种色谱技术研究金钗石斛的化学成分,并采用波谱方法鉴定化合物结构。结果:从金钗石斛的乙酸乙酯部位中分离得到9个化合物,鉴定出芴酮类化合物4个,分别为:dengibsinin(1)、nobilone(2)、denchrysan A(3)、dengibsin(4);有机酸酯类化合物3个:阿魏酸二十二烷酯(5)、对香豆酸十四烷酯(6)、对香豆酸癸酯(7);烷醇类化合物2个:正二十四烷醇(8)、正二十六烷醇(9)。结论:其中,化合物6～9为首次从兰科植物中分离得到,化合物1～3、5为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

瑶药铁包金化学成分研究

目的:研究瑶药铁包金的化学成分。方法:采用色谱技术进行分离,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据鉴定其结构。结果:从铁包金根的95%乙醇提取物中分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为:正十六烷酸(1)、正十八烷酸(2)、β-谷甾醇(3)、豆甾醇(4)、羊齿烯醇(5)、大黄酚(6)、大黄素甲醚(7)、floribundiquinone D(8)、2-乙酰大黄素甲醚(9)。结论:化合物1～4、7～9均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中,化合物1、2为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

百合有效部位的化学成分研究

目的:研究百合有效部位的化学成分。方法:采用柱色谱法从百合的二氯甲烷部位和乙酸乙酯部位分离得到8个化合物,通过波谱技术,解析其中6个化合物。结果:6个化合物分别是化合物Ⅰ正三十四烷醇,Ⅱ二十烷酸,Ⅲ二十一烷酸,Ⅳ豆甾醇,Ⅵ羟基苯甲醛,Ⅶ豆甾醇-3-β-D-葡萄糖。结论:化合物Ⅱ和Ⅲ为首次从百合中分离得到。     

大接骨丹化学成分研究

目的:研究大接骨丹的化学成分。方法:采用多种色谱分析手段进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质及波谱数据鉴定其结构。结果:从大接骨丹的树皮中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为:β-谷甾醇(1)、7-羟基-3-乙基苯酞(2)、3β-甲氧基-豆甾-7-烯(3)、谷甾烷(4)、(E)-对甲基苯丙烯醛(5)、豆甾-7-烯-3-醇(6)、邻,对-二甲氧基苯甲酸(7)、β-胡萝卜苷(8)、熊果酸(9)、正十八烷酸(10)、二十二烷酸(11)、软脂酸(12)。结论:所有化合物为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物3~7、10~12为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

山慈菇化学成分研究(1)

目的:研究山慈菇的脂溶性化学成分.方法采用柱色谱法对氯仿层进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和光谱学数据对分离得到的化合物进行色谱结构鉴定.结果从山慈菇氟仿层中分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为三十烷-15-醇(Ⅰ)、豆甾醇(Ⅱ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅲ)、二十九烷(Ⅳ)、三十烷醇(Ⅴ)、三十一烷十二醇(Ⅵ)、三十二烷醇(Ⅶ)和β-胡萝卜普Ⅷ.结论化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

裸花水竹草化学成分

目的:研究鸭跖草科裸花水竹草的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、重结晶等方法分离和纯化,并通过IR,EIMS及NMR等波谱学方法对分离得到的化学成分进行结构鉴定。结果:从裸花水竹草中共分离得到15个化合物,分别为正三十九烷(1),二十烷酸辛酯(2),胆甾-7-烯-3-酮(3),22,23-二氢菠菜甾酮(4),二十四烷酸(5),三十烷酸(6),谷甾醇(7),菜油甾醇(8),豆甾醇(9),麦角甾醇(10),豆甾-7-烯-3-醇(11),豆甾醇-3-O-葡萄糖苷(12),胡萝卜苷(13),二十七烷酸甘油酯(14),bracteanolide A(15)。结论:其中化合物1~15均为首次在该植物中分离得到。     

匙羹藤根部乙酸乙酯部分的化学成分研究

目的:对匙羹藤根乙酸乙酯部分的化学成分进行研究.方法:应用各种现代色谱手段对其化学成分进行分离纯化,利用理化性质结合光谱数据鉴定化合物结构.结果:分离鉴定了5个化合物,分别为正二十烷(Ⅰ)、豆甾醇(Ⅱ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅲ)、正二十二烷酸(Ⅳ)、牛弥菜醇A(Ⅴ).结论:该方法能首次从该植物中分离得到化合物Ⅰ和Ⅳ.     

鱼眼草化学成分研究

目的:对鱼眼草的化学成分进行研究。方法:通过各种柱层析方法进行分离纯化,利用波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果:从乙醇提取物的石油醚和乙酸乙酯部位分离得到6个化合物,鉴定为:正十八烷酸(1)、豆甾-7,22-二烯-3-醇(2)、α-香树脂醇(3)、表木栓醇(4)、十八酸甲酯(5)、正四十三烷(6)。结论:化合物1~6均为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

竹根的化学成分研究

目的 研究竹根的化学成分.方法 采用色谱方法 分离化学成分,波谱数据及理化常数分析进行结构鉴定.结果 分离鉴定了6个化合物,分别为:木栓酮(I)、正二十四烷酸(Ⅱ)、豆甾醉(Ⅲ)、正十六烷酸(Ⅳ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅴ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅵ).结论 化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ为首次从竹亚科中分离得到.     

匙羹藤果实化学成分的分离与结构鉴定

目的:研究匙羹藤果实的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱层析进行分离,通过质谱、核磁共振波谱等方法对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果:从匙羹藤果实中分离并鉴定了9个化合物,分别为:正二十九烷(1)、香树脂醇桂皮酸酯(2)、3β-24-methylene-9,19-cyclolanostan-3-ol(3)、羽扇豆醇桂皮酸酯(4)、β-谷甾醇(5)、豆甾醇(6)、豆甾醇-3-O-葡萄糖苷(7)、牛弥菜醇A(8)、3β,8,12β,14β,17,20-hexahydroxy-14β,17α-pregn-5-ene(9)。结论:其中,化合物1~3、9为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Comparative “in vitro” evaluation of the antiresorptive activity residing in four Ayurvedic medicinal plants. Hemidesmus indicus emerges for its potential in the treatment of bone loss diseases

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Four Indian plants, traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine: Asparagus racemosus Willd., Emblica officinalis Gaertn., Hemidesmus indicus R. Br., and Rubia cordifolia L. were selected on the basis of their ethnobotanical use and of scientific evidence that suggests a potential efficacy in the treatment of bone-loss diseases. The antiresorptive properties of the four plants have been investigated. The aim was to provide adequate evidence for the exploitation of natural compounds as alternative therapeutics for the treatment of diseases caused by increased osteoclast activity.

Materials and methods

Decoctions were prepared from dried plant material according to the traditional procedure and standardization by HPLC was performed using marker compounds for each species. Total polyphenols, flavonoids and radical scavenging activity of the decoctions were also determined. The bioactivity of the plant decoctions was evaluated in subsequent phases. (1) A cytotoxicity screening was performed on the mouse monocytic RAW 264.7 cell line to define the concentrations that could be utilized in the following step. (2) The antiresorptive properties of plant decoctions were compared with that of a “gold standard” drug (alendronate) by measuring osteoclastogenesis inhibition and osteoclast apoptosis. (3) The toxic effect on bone forming cells was excluded by evaluating the impact on the proliferation of osteogenic precursors (mesenchymal stem cells, MSC).

Results

All the decoctions inhibited osteoclastogenesis similarly to alendronate at the highest doses, but Hemidesmus indicus and Rubia cordifolia were also effective at lower concentrations. Apoptosis increased significantly when cells were exposed to the highest concentration of Emblica officinalis, Hemidesmus indicus, and Rubia cordifolia. All concentrations of Emblica officinalis tested inhibited the proliferation of osteogenic precursors, while only the highest doses of Asparagus racemosus and Rubia cordifolia were toxic. On the contrary, Hemidesmus indicus did not affect osteogenic precursor growth at any concentration tested.

Conclusion

Among the medicinal plants included in the study, Hemidesmus indicus showed the greatest antiosteoclastic activity without toxic effect on osteogenic precursors. Therefore, Hemidesmus indicus exhibits the properties of an antiresorptive drug and represents the ideal candidate for further clinical investigations.     

金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因克隆和生物信息学分析

目的:克隆金银花类药用植物4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基赤藓糖激酶(4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase,IspE)和4-羟基-3-甲基-2-邻苯基二磷酸还原酶(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase,IspH)基因,并对其基因序列、蛋白特性和转录活性进行分析、比较.方法:从忍冬Lonicera japonica转录组测序结果中分析获得了IspE,IspH基因.分别以忍冬、红白忍冬L.japonica var.chinensis、红腺忍冬L.hypoglauca和水忍冬L.dasystyla新鲜花蕾为材料,利用RT-PCR技术克隆获得了4种金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因的全长cDNA.运用生物信息学分析软件,预测编码蛋白的结构和功能,并通过RT-PCR检测IspE和IspH在忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬、水忍冬花蕾中的转录情况.结果:金银花类药用植物IspE基因含有1个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 221 bp,编码406个氨基酸;IspH含有一个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 380 bp,编码459个氨基酸.IspE和IspH均为非分泌蛋白,均定位于叶绿体中.RT-PCR分析结果表明在忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬的花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平没有显著差异,但红白忍冬花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平均显著高于忍冬.结论:克隆获得忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬中IspE,IspH基因,并证实了其在不同金银花类药用植物中的表达,为进一步研究IspE,IspH基因对萜类化合物生物合成和花香气以及颜色的影响奠定了基础.     

Experimental study on anti-inflammatory activity of a TCM recipe consisting of the supercritical fluid CO2 extract of Chrysanthemum indicum, Patchouli Oil and Zedoary Turmeric Oil in vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Chrysanthemum indicum (Compositae) Linné, Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth and Curcuma wenyujin (Zingiberaceae) Y. H. Chen et C. Ling are three of the extensively used herbal remedies among traditional Chinese medicines for the purpose of anti-inflammation. A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) recipe named CPZ consisting extracts of the above three herbs, has shown noteworthy anti-influenza activity, which is closely related to its anti-inflammatory feature.

Aim of this study

To investigated the anti-inflammtory activity of CPZ in vivo for a further exploration of the recipe's anti-inflammatory properties.

Materials and methods

The anti-inflammatory property of CPZ on acute inflammation was evaluated by inflammatory models of dimethylbenzene (DMB)-induced ear vasodilatation and acetic acid-induced capillary permeability enhancement in mice, as well as the carrageenan-induced paw edema rat model, in which inflammation-related cytokine including prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) in the edematous paw tissue were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, effect of CPZ on chronic inflammation was observed through granuloma formation in rats subjected to cotton pellet implantation.

Results

CPZ (340, 170, and 85 mg/kg for mice, p.o.) not only decreased the DMB-induced ear vasodilatation but also attenuated capillary permeability under acetic acid challenge in mice. And the significant inhibition on carrageenan-induced paw edema was observed. Further more, the ELISA results showed that CPZ (170, 85, and 42.5 mg/kg for rats, p.o.) could up-regulate the level of IL-1β in the edema paw tissue of rats significantly while down-regulate that of PGE₂, but no apparent effect on TNF-α or NO was observed in the test. Besides, CPZ had a certain degree of restraining effect on the cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats and the highest dose of 170 mg/kg even showed a significant suppression on it.

Conclusion

The above results indicated that CPZ possessed a potent anti-inflammatory activity, which is indicated to be closely associated with its regulation on IL-1β and PGE₂ thereby mediating the inflammatory response acting at an appropriate level.