长松萝多糖清除氧自由基和抗脂质过氧化反应的研究

目的:对长松萝多糖(PUS)清除氧自由基、抗脂质过氧化作用进行研究。方法:采用黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶体系测定PUS对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用,采用Fenton反应体系测定PUS对羟自由基的清除作用及其对羟自由基诱发的小鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化反应的影响。结果:长松萝多糖对超氧阴离子自由基及羟自由基均有清除作用,其百分之五十抑制浓度IC_(50)分别为0.45 mg/ml和1.57 mg/ml,但对羟自由基诱发的小鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化反应的抑制作用较弱。结论:PUS对氧自由基有明显的清除作用,但在Fenton反应体系中抗脂质过氧化作用较弱。     

甘草总黄酮对氧自由基清除作用的实验研究

目的:观察甘草总黄酮对超氧阴离子和羟自由基的清除作用。方法:采用分光光度法,测定用黄嘌呤/黄嘌呤氧化酶系统产生的超氧阴离子;利用 Fenton 反应,使生成的羟自由基与苯甲酸反应生成具有荧光的羟苯甲酸,以羟苯甲酸荧光值的大小表示羟自由基的生成量。结果:于黄嘌呤/黄嘌呤氧化酶系统中加入甘草总黄酮能有效地清除超氧阴离子,半抑制浓度(IC_(50))为226 mg/L,且随着加入药物浓度的增加,清除作用加强;甘草总黄酮还能显著地清除和抑制另一种损伤力更强的氧自由基即羟自由基,该作用明显优于甘露醇,其清除羟自由基的 IC_(50)是甘露醇 IC_(50)的1/255,其抑制羟自由基生成的 IC_(50)是甘露醇 IC_(50)的1/139。结论:甘草总黄酮有可能作为一种新的天然抗氧化剂应用于临床。     

用化学发光法检测芦丁等物质清除超氧阴离子自由基的作用

 目的:考察茶叶、野菊花、山植、芦丁对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用。方法:以黄嘌呤-黄喋呤氧化酶-鲁米诺体系作为超氧阴离子的产生体系，以化学发光的降低作为检测活力的指标。结果:茶叶、野菊花、山楂、芦丁都表 现出对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用，其活力与黄酮含量有关。结论:黄酮类化合物对超氧阴离子自由基的清除是有效的。     

生姜对超氧阴离子及羟自由基的清除作用

生姜对次黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶体系产生的超氧阴离子及紫外线照射H₂O₂体系产生的羟自由基均有显著清除作用。提示生姜对活性氧的清除可能是其重要的药理机制之一。     

灯盏花素体外清除活性氧及抗氧化作用研究

利用Fenton反应产生羟自由基·OH，光照核黄素产生超氧阴离子自由基O2^-二，分光光度法研究了灯盏花素体外清除氧自由基的作用。通过Vc、Phen、Cu^2＋体系发生Fenton反应产生·OH引起DNA氧化损伤，以及Fe^2＋-L-Cys体系诱导肝脏匀浆产生的脂质过氧化物丙二醛（MDA），研究灯盏花素对DNA氧化损伤的保护作用和抗脂质过氧化的作用。实验结果表明灯盏花素能有效清除活性氧自由基，对脂质过氧化及DNA的·OH氧化损伤有显著抑制作用。     

山海丹清除活性氧自由基的电子自旋共振研究

本文以电子自旋共振方和自旋捕集技术,在体外以黄嘌呤—黄嘌呤氧化酶体系产生超氧阴离子自由基、用Fenton反应产生羟自由基,观察山海丹对上述自由基的清除能力。结果表明:在取与体内吸收后接近的浓度时,山海丹对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率为94.83％,对羟自由基的清除率为84.77％,提示山海丹具有清除活性氧自由基的能力,这可能是山海丹治疗冠心病的重要药理机制之一。     

黄芩苷对大鼠原代皮层神经元过氧化氢损伤的保护作用

目的:研究黄芩苷对大鼠原代皮层神经元过氧化氢损伤的保护作用。方法:采用皮层神经元过氧化氢损伤模型研究黄芩苷的抗氧化作用,取不同浓度的黄芩苷溶液,采用DPPH法测定黄芩苷自由基清除能力,用试剂盒测定黄芩苷抗超氧阴离子,通过检测尿酸生成来测定黄芩苷对黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的影响。结果:黄芩苷给药后,过氧化氢损伤后大鼠原代皮层神经元的MTT值升高,上清液中LDH下降、SOD升高,且其可有效清除氧自由基和超氧阴离子及抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,且随着黄芩苷浓度升高,体系中尿酸生成逐渐减少。结论:黄芩苷对过氧化氢损伤的神经元有显著保护作用,该作用可能与上调SOD水平、清除氧自由基和超氧阴离子及抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性有关。     

茶多酚清除氧自由基与抗脂质过氧化作用

茶多酚对Fenton反应生成的羟自由基(·OH)具有较强的直接清除作用,其IC_(50)为919.6mg/L。茶多酚对黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶系统产生的超氧阴离子自由基(Q_2~-)也有较强的清除作用,IC_(50)为836mg/L。茶多酚对·OH诱导的离体大鼠脑组织匀浆和线粒体产生的脂质过氧化作用有明显的抑制作用。结果提示茶多酚的抗脂质过氧化作用与其清除氧自由基作用有关。     

葛根黄酮的体外抗氧化活性研究

目的:探讨葛根黄酮的体外抗氧化活性。方法:采用总抗氧化能力、DPPH·自由基、羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子(O2·-)的反应体系,考察葛根黄酮的体外抗氧化能力。结果:葛根黄酮在一定浓度范围内,其反应抗氧化作用的FRAP值、清除DPPH·、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子的能力及抑制过氧化脂质产物丙二醛的作用均呈量效关系;在浓度为500μg/ml时,DPPH·的最大清除率为48%,EC50为450.51μg/ml;在浓度为2.95mg/ml时,羟基自由基的最大清除率为21.14%;在浓度为600μg/ml时,超氧阴离子的最大清除率为60.07%,超氧阴离子的EC50值为213.8μg/ml,抑制MDA生成的IC50为11.3μg/ml。结论:葛根黄酮具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,其机制可能与RPI抗氧化活性和消除自由基能力有关。     

枳实提取物的体外抗氧化作用研究

目的研究枳实提取物的体外抗氧化作用.方法采用羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基的生成体系,研究枳实提取物及以柚皮苷为对照,对自由基的清除能力和对小鼠肝、肾、心组织匀浆的脂质过氧化抑制作用.结果枳实提取物对羟自由基、超氧阴离子、DPPH自由基的清除分别为IC50＝2.71 mg/ml,SC50＝5.02 mg/ml,DC50＝0.54 mg/ml;柚皮苷分别为IC50＝45.94 mg/ml,SC50＝10.16 mg/ml,DC50＝9.62 mg/ml.枳实提取物对小鼠肝、肾、心组织匀浆的脂质过氧化抑制作用分别为0.58、1.03、0.69 mg/ml;柚皮苷EC50分别为9.87、11.04、10.40 mg/ml.研究表明枳实提取物较柚皮苷具有强的清除自由基及抑制脂质过氧化的能力.结论枳实提取物能有效清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基,抑制脂质过氧化作用,具有进一步研究和开发价值.     

荷叶水提物清除自由基的ESR研究

目的研究了荷叶水提物(LLE)对羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2)的清除效果.方法采用电子自旋共振法自旋捕集技术.结果26.95μg/mL的LLE对次黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶体系产生O2的清除率达65.6%,LLE浓度大于8.98 mg/mL时可以全部清除由Fenten反应体系产生的·OH.结论LLE对·OH和O2有很强的清除能力.     

The antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of Hedera colchica: 3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-hederagenin

The antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside [3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-hederagenin; OGH] isolated from the berries of Hedera colchica, an ivy species endemic in Georgia, was investigated. The antioxidant properties of OGH were evaluated using different antioxidant assays: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH.) scavenging, total antioxidant activity, reducing power, superoxide anion radical (O2*-)) scavenging, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging and metal chelating activities. The total antioxidant activity was measured according to the ferric thiocyanate method. alpha-Tocopherol and trolox, a water-soluble analogue of tocopherol, were used as reference antioxidant compounds. At a 30 microg/mL concentration, the inhibitory effects of OGH on the peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion was found to be 95.3%, whereas alpha-tocopherol and trolox exhibited 88.8% and 86.2% inhibition of peroxidation in the system, respectively. In addition, OGH had effective DPPH. scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, total reducing power and metal chelation of ferrous ions activities. These various antioxidant activities were compared with alpha-tocopherol and trolox.     

Antiradical and antioxidant activity of total anthocyanins from Perilla pankinensis decne

The purpose of this work comprise the assessment of the antioxidant activity of total anthocyanins from Perilla pankinensis samples (TAPP) by different analytical methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, total antioxidant activity, total reducing activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and metal chelating activities. Total antioxidant activity was measured according to ferric thiocyanate method. alpha-Tocopherol and trolox, which water-soluble analogue of tocopherol were used as references antioxidant compounds. At the concentrations of 30 and 45 microg/mL, TAPP showed 91.9 and 96.4% inhibition on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. In comparison, 45 microg/mL of standard antioxidant such as alpha-tocopherol and trolox exhibited 88.8 and 86.2% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. In addition, TAPP have found effective on DPPH scavenging, superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging, total reducing power and metal chelating on ferrous ions activities. Also, these various antioxidant effects were compared to alpha-tocopherol and trolox.     

白木香叶中黄酮类成分结构与抗氧化功能的相关性研究

目的：研究白木香叶中黄酮类成分清除O2^·-,H2O2,·OH的能力,探讨其抗氧化活性与结构的关系。方法：对白木香叶中黄酮类成分进行分离,采用化学发光法,测定所得成分对邻苯三酚-鲁米诺-碳酸缓冲液体系产生的超氧阴离子（O2^·-）,H2O2-鲁米诺-碳酸缓冲液体系产生的过氧化氢（H2O2）,以及邻菲罗啉-Cu2＋-抗坏血酸-H2O2体系产生的羟自由基（·OH）的清除能力。结果：分得6种黄酮类成分,经鉴定分别为：洋芹素-7,4′-二甲醚（Ⅰ）、5-羟基-7,3′,4′-三甲氧基黄酮（Ⅱ）、木犀草素-7,4′-二甲醚（Ⅲ）、芫花素（Ⅳ）、木犀草素（Ⅴ）、羟基芫花素（Ⅵ）。6种黄酮类化合物具有良好的清除自由基活性。构效关系分析显示,其清除超氧阴离子（O2^·-）、过氧化氢（H2O2）、羟自由基（·OH）的活性强弱与母核上连接的酚羟基数目和位置直接相关。结论：白木香叶中的黄酮类成分具有明显的清除自由基活性,可能为白木香叶的主要抗氧化活性成分。     

Review of Stimulating Technologies of Acupuncture Points in Patients

Objectives: This study estimated the antioxidant effects of the moxi with ginger tar (MGT), i.e., the chemical combustion products produced by moxibustion with ginger during combustion.Methods: We investigated the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, the SOD (superoxide dismutase) scavenging activity, and the ABTS (2.2-azino-bis-3-erthylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) & DPPH (2,2-dipheny1-1-picryl-hydrazyl) radical's scavenging ability of MGT.Results: The total polyphenol content of MGT was 7.8 ± 0.09 mg/g in 10 mg/ml, the SOD activity was 42.51 ± 3.39% in 200 ug/ml, the DPPH radical scavenging effect of MGT was 83.24 ± 0.01% in 200 ug/ml and the ABTS radical scavenging effect was 41.88 ± 0.16% in 200 ug/ml.Conclusions: In this study, the effects of moxi with ginger could be induced by not only heating stimuli on acupoints but also chemical stimuli produced during combustion of moxibustion. An advanced study of the biological mechanism of moxibustion with MGT based on the meridian and considering skin aging and inflammation will be required.Key Words: moxi with ginger slice; MGT; antioxidant effects     

Effects of Sweet Bee Venom on the Central Nervous System in Rats: Use of a Functional Observational Battery

Objectives: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced at a high rate as a by-product of aerobic metabolism. Because of tissue damage by free radicals, ROS such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and nitric oxide (NO) increase with age. Several lines of evidence show that ROS appear to cause the development of various aging-related diseases, such as cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the pharmacological effects of red ginseng to determine the feasibility of using it as a pharmacopuncture drug source or health food.Methods: For our aims, we investigated the biological activities of red ginseng ethanol extracts (RGEE) by measuring the total polyphenol contents, the total flavonoid contents, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, the 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, and the cell viabilities of MCF 10A and SK-MEL-2 in vitro with the dimethyl thiazolyl diphenyl tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay method.Results: The total polyphenol content of RGEE was 3.06 ± 0.11mg/g in 10 mg/ml, and the total flavonoid content of RGEE was 1.35 ± 0.01mg/g in the same concentration. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was about 80%, and that of the DPPH activity was 65% in 50 mg/ml of RGEE. The cell viability of the SKMEL-2 skin cancer cell line was decreased and that of the MCF 10A skin normal cell line was increased.Conclusions: We conclude that RGEE may be useful as a potential functional food or pharmacopuncture drug source for the treatment of diseases induced by oxidant stress.Key Words: red ginseng; red ginseng ethanol extracts; antioxidant activity; skin cell viability     

The antioxidant potential of Sutherlandia frutescens

One of the best-known multi-purpose medicinal plants in Southern Africa, Sutherlandia frutescens subsp. microphylla (family: Fabaceae/Leguminosa), is used for a wide range of conditions, including cancer, viral diseases and inflammatory conditions. Little scientific data has been documented on the mechanism by which Sutherlandia frutescens acts on the immune system. Phagocyte derived reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals, are responsible for the pathogenesis of various inflammatory conditions. Anti-inflammatory properties of various medicinal-plant extracts have been explained, at least in part, by their antioxidant activities. We investigated the effects of a hot water extract of Sutherlandia frutescens on both luminol and lucigenin enhanced chemiluminescence of neutrophils stimulated with L-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP) as well as its superoxide and hydrogen peroxide scavenging properties in a cell free system. The results indicate that Sutherlandia frutescens extract possesses superoxide as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities at concentrations as low as 10 microg/ml, which could account for some of the anti-inflammatory properties that have been described.     

冬虫夏草提取物调血脂与抗氧化活性

目的:研究冬虫夏草提取物(YCC)在调血脂与抗氧化方面的活性。方法:建立高脂饮食诱导的高脂血症金黄地鼠模型,连续ig给予200 mg·kg-1的YCC 4周后,比色法测定动物血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)的含量,观察YCC调节脂质代谢的活性;基于体外分子水平反应体系,运用比色、荧光、化学发光的方法评价不同浓度YCC对DPPH、超氧阴离子、羟自由基、脂质过氧自由基、过氧化氢及过氧亚硝基的清除活性;建立铜离子诱导人低密度脂蛋白(LDL)氧化修饰模型,并观察YCC对LDL氧化过程的影响。结果:与模型组比较,YCC在200 mg·kg-1剂量下明显降低了高脂饮食饲养的地鼠血清中TC,TG,LDL-c含量,同时升高HDL-c/LDL-c(P<0.05);YCC对1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基(DPPH)和过氧化氢的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为(125.6±3.4)mg·L-1,(758.9±11.2)mg·L-1;YCC对脂质过氧自由基、过氧亚硝基、羟自由基的最大清除率分别为(86.5±14.5)%,(64.4±3.3)%,(44.1±6.0)%;YCC在50,100 mg·L-1浓度下可明显延长铜离子诱导LDL氧化过程的滞留时相。结论:YCC在体内显示出调血脂、体外显示出抗氧化活性。     

Determination of antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L. Family Lamiaceae) assayed by different methodologies

The antioxidant properties of plants have been investigated, in the light of recent scientific developments, throughout the world due to their potent pharmacological activities and food viability. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L. Family Lamiaceae) is used as a kitchen herb and as an ornamental plant in house gardens. In the present study, the possible radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of the water (WEB) and ethanol extracts (EEB) of basil was investigated using different antioxidant methodologies: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, scavenging of superoxide anion radical-generated non-enzymatic system, ferric thiocyanate method, reducing power, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and metal chelating activities. Experiments revealed that WEB and EEB have an antioxidant effects which are concentration-dependent. The total antioxidant activity was performed according to the ferric thiocyanate method. At the 50 microg/mL concentration, the inhibition effects of WEB and EEB on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion were found to be 94.8% and 97.5%, respectively. On the other hand, the percentage inhibition of a 50 microg/mL concentration of BHA, BHT and alpha-tocopherol was found to be 97.1%, 98.5% and 70.4% inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. In addition, WEB and EEB had effective DPPH radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating activities. Additionally, these various antioxidant activities were compared with BHA, BHT and alpha-tocopherol as reference antioxidants. The additional total phenolic content of these basil extracts was determined as the gallic acid equivalent and were found to be equivalent.     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and analgesic activities of nettle (Urtica dioica L.)

In this study, water extract of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) (WEN) was studied for antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and analgesic properties. The antioxidant properties of WEN were evaluated using different antioxidant tests, including reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and metal chelating activities. WEN had powerful antioxidant activity. The 50, 100 and 250 μg amounts of WEN showed 39, 66 and 98% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively, while 60 μg/ml of -tocopherol, exhibited only 30% inhibition. Moreover, WEN had effective reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and metal chelating activities at the same concentrations. Those various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), quercetin, and -tocopherol. In addition, total phenolic compounds in the WEN were determined as pyrocatechol equivalent. WEN also showed antimicrobial activity against nine microorganisms, antiulcer activity against ethanol-induced ulcerogenesis and analgesic effect on acetic acid-induced stretching.