HPLC测定丹皮中丹皮酚在大鼠体内血药浓度及药动学研究

目的:建立测定大鼠血浆中丹皮酚浓度的HPLC法,并用于丹皮酚注射给药后在大鼠体内的药动学研究。方法:采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取丹皮中的丹皮酚,大鼠尾静脉注射4 mg.kg-1丹皮酚,于给药后不同时间采集血样,用乙腈处理血浆样品,震荡离心分离上清液用HPLC测定。选用DiamonsilTM钻石C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相甲醇-水(60∶40),流速1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长274 nm,柱温常温,进样量20μL。结果:血浆样品中丹皮酚无干扰,丹皮酚在血浆样品中标准曲线线性范围0.204~20.4 mg.L-1,r=0.999 9。丹皮酚平均回收率92.27%,最低检测浓度为10 mg.L-1,最低定量限LOQ为0.204 mg.L-1,日内、日间RSD4.9%。丹皮酚血药浓度数据用药动学软件kinetica处理,丹皮酚在大鼠体内的血药浓度-时间过程符合二房室模型,AUC=(111.88±14.44)mg.L-1.min-1,MRT=(23.25±5.86)min,Cmax=(8.99±0.84)mg.L-1,Kel=(0.082±0.015)min-1,t1/2 Kel=(8.73±1.54)min。结论:该方法简便、快速、重复性好,适用于丹皮酚大鼠血药浓度测定及药代动力学研究。     

天钩降压胶囊中丹皮酚在大鼠体内药代动力学

目的: 研究不同剂量天钩降压胶囊对大鼠体内丹皮酚药动学的影响。方法: 大鼠分别灌胃给予低、中、高剂量天钩降压胶囊(相当于丹皮酚6.884,13.77,27.53 mg ·kg^-1),于给药后不同时间采集大鼠血浆。血浆样品用甲醇沉淀蛋白,HPLC测定丹皮酚含量,各给药组平均血药浓度-时间数据采用DAS2.0软件分析。组间药动学参数用 SPSS 16.0 软件进行统计分析。结果: 低剂量组大鼠丹皮酚血药浓度在消除相超出最低检测限,未能测出药时曲线;中、高剂量组丹皮酚均在5 min达最大吸收;t1/2ka,Cmax,AUC_0-∞,AUC_0-360,CLz/F随给药剂量增加而显著性增加;t1/2z, MRT_0-360,Vz/F随给药剂量增加而显著性减小。结论: 大鼠灌胃不同剂量天钩降压胶囊后丹皮酚的药动学参数存在一定差异。     

大承气汤中大黄酸在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的:研究大鼠灌胃给予大黄及大承气汤后,大黄酸在大鼠体内药动学过程。方法:大鼠分别灌胃给予大黄及大承气汤,高效液相色谱法测定大黄酸经时血药浓度变化。色谱柱为Diomansil C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相甲醇-水-冰醋酸(77∶22∶1),检测波长428 nm,流速1.0 mL.min-1。血药浓度-时间数据用3P97药动学软件处理。结果:大黄酸血药浓度在1.0～15 mg.L-1线性关系良好。大鼠灌胃给予大黄及大承气汤后大黄酸血浆浓度-时间曲线均符合二房室模型,大黄及大承气汤的主要药动学参数AUC和Cmax均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:大承气汤中大黄与其他成分配伍后,使大黄酸在大鼠体内的血药浓度降低。     

金匮肾气丸中有效成分的药代动力学研究

目的:探讨金匮肾气丸(熟地黄、肉桂、附子、泽泻等)中桂皮酸与丹皮酚在新西兰兔体内的药代动力学规律。方法:采用RP-HPLC法测定新西兰兔经口服金匮肾气丸后桂皮酸与丹皮酚的血药浓度。色谱条件为SymmetryC18(5μm,3.9mm×150mm)柱,甲醇-1%冰醋酸水溶液(45∶55)为流动相,流速0.8mL/min,柱温35℃,桂皮酸检测波长285nm,丹皮酚检测波长274nm。所得结果用3p87软件计算动力学参数。结果:桂皮酸的线性范围0.06～15μg/mL(r=0.9997),最低检测浓度为0.054μg/mL,桂皮酸在兔体内的药动学过程符合二室模型;丹皮酚的线性范围0.2～10μg/mL(r=0.9999),最低检测浓度为0.02μg/mL,丹皮酚在兔体内的药动学过程符合一室模型。结论:本文所建立的HPLC方法灵敏、专一、准确,可准确测定桂皮酸和丹皮酚的血药浓度,通过药代动力学参数,揭示了复方给药后两种成分在兔体内的药代动力学规律。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定大黄酸血药浓度 及在大鼠体内的药动学规律

目的:建立测定大鼠血浆中大黄酸的固相萃取-高效液相色谱方法,研究大黄酸在大鼠体内的药动学规律。方法:单次给予SD大鼠不同剂量的大黄酸,于不同时间点采集大鼠血浆。以固相萃取法处理血浆样品,用HPLC内标法测定血药浓度,色谱柱为Venusil XBP C18(L)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.1%磷酸水(75∶25),柱温为30℃,检测波长254 nm,以DAS2.0软件拟合计算药动学参数。结果:大黄酸的血药浓度在0.019 2～11.72 mg.L-1线性关系良好(R2=0.999 1),检测限为0.009 6 mg.L-1,定量限为0.019 2 mg.L-1,提取回收率均大于80%,日内、日间精密度RSD均小于6%。结论:大鼠灌胃给药大黄酸血药浓度-时间曲线呈二室模型。该法操作简便、快速、灵敏,适用于大黄酸在大鼠体内的药物动力学研究。     

高效液相色谱法测定大鼠血浆中水合橙皮内酯的浓度及药动学研究

目的建立快速、灵敏的HPLC法测定大鼠血浆中水合橙皮内酯(Meranzin hydrate)的血药浓度,并比较灌胃枳壳与水合橙皮内酯单体后大鼠体内水合橙皮内酯的药动学行为。方法色谱条件:色谱柱为Dikma Diamonsil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),保护柱为Dikma guard柱(8 mm×4 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(体积比78∶22),流速为1 ml/min,柱温为25℃。用此HPLC法测定枳壳与水合橙皮内酯单体在大鼠体内的血药浓度,估算二者的药代动力学参数。结果线性范围12.5~1000 ng/ml(r=0.9997),最低检测浓度10 ng/ml,回收率分别为90.53%~93.45%,日内和日间精密度RSD均小于10%。与枳壳大鼠灌胃相比,灌胃水合橙皮内酯单体后的药动学参数Tmax和t1/2的值显著变小(P0.01),而Cmax和AUC0-24则显著增大(P0.01)。结论该方法可用于水合橙皮内酯的药动学研究。同时与灌胃枳壳相比,给予水合橙皮内酯单体的消除半衰期长,达峰时间长,消除速率慢,生物利用度更高。     

HPLC法测定清肺消炎颗粒中葛根素血浆浓度及其在小鼠体内的药动学研究

目的:建立HPLC法测定清肺消炎颗粒水溶液灌胃给药后小鼠血浆中葛根素的含量,并研究其在小鼠血浆中的药动学行为。方法:采用Hypersil BDS C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相∶甲醇-水(25∶75),流速:1.0mL/min;检测波长:250nm;柱温:30℃。血浆样品采用甲醇直接沉淀蛋白后,测定小鼠血浆中葛根素的含量并计算药动学参数。结果:小鼠血浆样品中葛根素的线性范围为0.6563~42.00μg/mL,日内与日间精密度均<10%,平均提取回收率为(97.39±1.44)%。灌胃给药后葛根素在小鼠体内的药-时曲线符合一室模型,主要药动学参数Cmax为1.575μg.L-1,tmax为0.9901 h,t1/2α为0.3281 h,AUC为6.039μg·L-1.h-1。结论:该法准确快速,灵敏度高,可用于小鼠血浆中葛根素的含量测定及体内药动学研究。     

桑叶总生物碱中1-脱氧野尻霉素在大鼠体内的药物动力学研究

目的建立测定大鼠血浆中1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNT)含量的柱前衍生-高效液相色谱荧光法,初步研究桑叶总生物碱中DNJ在大鼠体内的药动学过程。方法大鼠灌胃桑叶总生物碱(给药剂量按DNJ计约为80 mg·kg-1)后不同时间点采集血样,采用柱前衍生-高效液相色谱荧光法测定,色谱条件为HiQSiL C18分析柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),乙腈-0.1%醋酸水溶液(40∶60,V/V)为流动相,荧光检测器激发波长254 nm,发射波长322 nm,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温25℃。DNJ血药浓度-时间数据用药动学软件3P97处理。结果 DNJ血浆浓度在1.4～22.4 mg·L-1线性关系良好,血浆中1-脱氧野尻霉素定量下限为1.4 mg·L-1。日内、日间精密度(RSD)分别为3.7%～5.8%和4.6%～6.0%,方法回收率为97.6%～101.5%,提取回收率为76.3%～81.6%。DNJ在大鼠体内的血药浓度-时间过程符合二房室模型,Ka=(4.85±0.95)h-1,AUC=(19.22±1.37)mg·h·L-1,Cmax=(12.98±1.92)mg·L-1,Tmax=(0.50±0.00)h。结论该法准确可靠,专属性强,适用于DNJ在大鼠体内的血药浓度测定及药代动力学研究。     

甘草与大黄配伍对大黄酸在大鼠体内药动学的影响

目的:研究甘草与大黄配伍时,甘草对大黄酸在大鼠体内药动学的影响。方法:大鼠分别灌服大黄和大黄甘草汤,高效液相色谱法测定大黄酸血药浓度。色谱柱为Zorbox SB C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水-冰醋酸(77∶22∶1);检测波长为428 nm;流速为1.0 mL·min-1;柱温为室温。血药浓度数据采用3P97药动学软件进行分析。结果:大黄酸血药浓度在0.1～15μg·mL-1范围线性关系良好。大鼠灌服大黄和大黄甘草汤后,大黄酸血浆浓度-时间曲线均符合二房室模型。大黄和大黄甘草汤相比较,两者的AUC,Tmax,Cmax,均存在显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:甘草与大黄配伍,可降低大黄酸在大鼠体内的血药浓度,降低大黄酸对肝脏的损伤。     

调胃承气汤中大黄酸在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的:研究大鼠给予大黄及调胃承气汤后,大黄酸在大鼠体内药动学过程。方法:大鼠分别给予大黄及调胃承气汤,高效液相色谱法测定大黄酸的血药浓度。色谱柱为Diomansil C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水-冰醋酸(77∶22∶1);检测波长为428 nm;流速为1.0 ml/min。血药浓度数据采用3P97药动学软件进行分析。结果:大黄酸血药浓度在1.0～15μg/ml范围内线性关系良好。大鼠给予大黄及调胃承气汤后,大黄酸血浆浓度-时间曲线均符合二房室模型,大黄及调胃承气汤的主要药动学参数AUC分别为12.06±1.34和4.19±0.48μg.h/ml、Cmax分别为7.53±1.13和2.58±0.21μg/ml,均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:调胃承气汤中大黄与甘草、芒硝配伍后,使大黄酸在大鼠体内的血药浓度降低。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.     

瑞香科五属植物中酚性聚合物的结构特征、分布及药理活性研究进展

瑞香科植物广泛分布于世界热带和温带地区,其中多种植物可供药用。在对该科植物的研究中发现,黄酮类、木脂素和香豆素等酚性化合物的低聚体为其重要的特征性成分,药理活性主要表现在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒等方面。对已发现的酚性聚合体的化学结构、植物来源及药理活性进行综述,为瑞香科植物今后的研究和开发利用提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定沉香化滞丸中11种成分

目的采用HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定沉香化滞丸中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚11种成分。方法采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱:0～10 min,20%乙腈;10～20 min,20%～40%乙腈;20～24 min,40%乙腈;24～26 min,40%～52%乙腈;26～30 min,52%乙腈;30～31 min,52%～90%乙腈;31～35 min,90%乙腈;35～40 min,90%～100%乙腈;40～43min,100%乙腈;43～45min,100%～20%乙腈;检测波长215nm,体积流量1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。结果各成分在43 min内分离良好,沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为1.4～13.6、10.0～200.0、31.5～315.0、1.0～120.1、1.8～50.6、0.93～10.1、1.8～30.0、0.2～40.3、1.8～18.1、1.7～25.0、0.45～10.70μg/mL;样品中各成分的平均回收率均在98.90%～100.87%;11种成分精密度RSD在0.55%～1.54%;供试品溶液在30 h内稳定性良好,RSD在0.75%～1.94%;重复性RSD在0.39%～1.73%。6批次样品中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚质量分数分别为92.0～201.0、511.5～9 033.0、5 475.0～12 635.5、54.5～5 095.5、192.0～2 137.5、117.0～391.5、106.5～1 281.5、13.0～136.5、93.5～199.0、177.0～1 207.0、33.5～251.5μg/g。结论本方法准确、快速、简便,重复性好,精密度高,适用于沉香化滞丸中多种活性成分的定量分析。