真菌植物松茸提取物抑制环磷酰胺致突变作用研究

目的:寻找安全有效的抗突变生物资源,为肿瘤预防和降低环磷酰胺的遗传危害提供科学依据.方法:采用修改的Ames试验和小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验,研究松茸提取物AMH对CP致突变作用的影响.结果:Ames试验结果表明,CP具有碱基对置换致突变作用,AMH能显著性抑制CP的致突变作用(P＜0.01),对测试菌株TA100的诱发回变菌落形成抑制率最高为79.9%;小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验也表明,AMH能显著性抑制CP对遗传物质的损害,微核形成抑制率达82%.AMH对CP致突变作用的抑制作用存在明显的剂量反应关系.结论:松茸提取物对CP致突变作用具有显著的抑制作用,在肿瘤预防和降低CP的毒副作用方面具有应用前景.     

真菌植物松茸提取物体外抑制苯并(a)芘致突变作用研究

目的:寻找安全有效的抗突变生物资源,为利用生物资源预防肿瘤提供科学依据.方法:采用修改的Ames试验,研究松茸提取物PME对强致癌物B(a)P致突变作用的影响.结果:PME能显著性抑制B(a)P的致突变作用(P＜0.01),对测试菌株TA97、TA98和TA100的诱发回变菌落形成抑制率最高分别达到91.0%、97.8%和90.5%,PME可使B(a)P的诱发回变菌落数下降至阴性范围.PME抑制B(a)P致突变作用存在明显的剂量反应关系.结论:松茸提取物PME对B(a)P致突变作用具有显著的抑制作用,PME具有抗突变作用,在肿瘤预防方面具有应用前景.     

金荞麦的致突变和抗突变研究

本文用Ames法对金荞麦的致突变和抗突变性进行了研究。结果表明:金荞麦在0.001mg/皿—5mg/皿7个剂量未发现阳性突变反应,并对正定霉素和甲基甲烷磺酸酯所诱发TA98和TA100菌株的突变,具有抗突变的作用。     

竹叶黄酮抗突变作用的体外实验研究

目的为了探讨竹叶黄酮的保健作用。方法利用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌营养缺陷型回复突变实验(Ames实验)对竹叶黄酮进行了体外抗突变作用的研究。结果竹叶黄酮具有显著的抗突变作用,当其剂量为20mg/平皿时对2-AF,B[a]P和AFB1的致突变性抑制率均达到70.5%以上,并且呈明显的剂量-效应关系。结论竹叶黄酮的抗突变作用主要是通过阻断致突变物使正常细胞变为突变细胞而实现的,也包括部分去突变作用,但促进突变细胞修复的作用不明显。     

天然食物抗突变实验研究进展

自然界存在大量致突变物 ,人类长期接触致突变物可引起肿瘤、致畸、遗传缺陷等疾病。环境中的一些致突变致癌物通过饮食、呼吸和皮肤接触进入人体是难以彻底避免的 ,故寻找可食性的天然抗突变物质 ,增加日常饮食中的抗癌因素 ,提高饮食质量对预防肿瘤等慢性病具有重要意义〔1,2〕。许多科研工作者为此做了大量的工作 ,取得了可喜的成绩 ,笔者将近年来这方面的研究进展做一综述。1　蔬菜类食物的抗突变研究　陆敦等〔3〕应用SOS显色试验和Ames试验研究了韭黄水溶性提取物的抗突变作用 ,并以一些特殊的菌株研究了抗突变作用的机理。结果表明…     

普乐液体外抑制多种染发剂致突变作用研究

目的：检测染发剂的致突变性，研究“普乐液”对染发剂致突变作用的抑制作用。方法：采用修改的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌／哺乳动物肝微粒体酶试验(Ames试验)进行抗突变检测。结果：所检测的10种染发剂均具有致突变作用，其中8种染发剂具有移码突变作用，2种同时具有移码突变和碱基置换作用。“普乐液”能显著性抑制各种染发剂的致突变作用，染发剂诱发菌落形成抑制率达68．2-100％；“普乐液”可使8种染发剂的诱发回变菌落数降至阴性范围。“普乐液”抑制染发剂致突变作用具有明显的剂量反应关系。结论：染发剂具有明显的致突变作用，“普乐液”对染发剂致突变作用具有显著性抑制作用。     

茶色素抗癌作用研究的国际动态（连载）

(上接05年第十二期)2、茶色素的抗突变作用在红茶提取物抗突变研究方面,前苏联的研究人员发现,红茶提取物对丝状真菌Fusarium bulbigenum.blasticola培养过程中自发形成的,诱变剂诱变形成的肿瘤状菌体生长具有显著的抑制作用。日本于1994年报告,将红、绿、乌龙茶提取物作用两种致突变试验的细菌株内,检验各种茶提取物对致突变的抑制效果。结果表明,红茶、绿茶提取物显著抑制了烤牛肉二甲基亚砜提取物(DEGB)的致突变性(P<0.001),对其他诱变剂,如2-(2-味喃基)-3-(5-硝基-2-呋喃基)-丙烯酰胺(AF-2)和4-硝基喹啉-N-氧化物(4-NQO)所进行的实…     

中药抗突变实验研究进展

自然界存在大量致突变物,人类长期接触致突变物可引起肿瘤、致畸、遗传缺陷等疾病。一方面人们努力降低环境污染,减少或避免致突变物/致癌物;另一方面在抗突变和抗癌研究中寻找一些有效抗突变/抗癌物质,并试图阐明其抗突变与抗癌作用机理。中药抗突变研究进展很快,前景非常广阔。笔者将近年来最新研究现状综述如下。 1 单味中药的抗突变研究 刘氏等[1]采用小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验,探讨五加皮的体内抗诱变作用。结果五加皮对丝裂霉素(MMC)诱发的微核率和精子畸形率均有明显的拮抗作用,微核抑制率达50.5%～73.…     

戴氏虫草多糖抗突变活性的研究

目的探讨戴氏虫草菌丝体胞外水溶性多糖(CDP1)是否具有抗突变效应.方法采用Ames试验及小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞(PCE)微核形成试验评价不同浓度的CDP1的抗突变作用.结果CDP1在未加S9条件下,对TA97、TA98、TA100及TA102回复突变均具有不同程度的抑制作用,尤其对TA97、TA98及TA102更为明显,其最高抑制率分别达68.5%、79.5%及81.3%,且结果呈现一定的剂量-效应关系,对TA100表现较弱,但最高抑制率仍达19.8%;CDP1对环磷酰胺诱发的小鼠骨髓PCE微核发生率也有显著的拮抗作用,其最高抑制率达70.3%,且结果亦呈现剂量-效应关系.结论在本实验条件下,戴氏虫草菌丝体胞外水溶性多糖具有明显的抗突变活性.     

金鸡胶囊的遗传毒性研究

目的:探讨金鸡胶囊是否具有抗突变效应.方法:采用Ames试验及小鼠精子畸形试验评价不同浓度的金鸡胶囊的抗突变作用.结果:加否S-9代谢活化系统,金鸡胶囊干膏粉的TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102 4种试验菌株的回变菌落数未见明显增加,受试物金鸡胶囊干膏粉诱变试验结果为阴性;金鸡胶囊对小鼠精子无致畸作用.结论:在本实验条件下,金鸡胶囊具有明显的抗突变活性.     

Antimutagenicity and induction of anticarcinogenic phase II enzymes by basidiomycetes

Extracts from Phellinus linteus, Phellinus igniarius, and Agrocybe cylindracea have been tested for their antimutagenic properties against direct-acting mutagens [4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPD) and sodium azide (NaN(3))] and indirect-acting mutagens [2-aminofluorene (2-AF) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)], using the Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA 98 and TA 100. In addition, the chemopreventive potentials of these extracts to induce NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (QR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and glutathione (GSH) level extracts from the filtrate of the cultured broth of P. linteus, polysaccharide extracts from the cultured broth (PI I) and mycelia (PI II) and water extract of fruiting bodies (PI II) of P. igniarius, and polysaccharide extracts from the cultured broth (AC I) and mycelia (AC II) of A. cylindracea showed inhibitory effects on the mutagenic activities induced by the direct-acting mutagens, NPD and NaN(3), and the indirect-acting mutagens, 2-AF and B[a]P. QR was induced with PI I, PI II, AC I, and AC II, and GST activity was induced with PL I, PL II, PI I, PI II, PI III and AC I in murine Hepa1c1c7 cell culture. In addition, PL I, PL II, PI I, PI II, PI III and AC II increased glutathione level. These results suggest that P. linteus, P. igniarius, and A. cylindracea have antimutagenic activities and may play a role in the prevention of cancer by inducing QR and GST activities and increasing GSH level.     

Mutagenic and antimutagenic potential of the medicinal plants M. laevigata and C. xanthocarpa

Aqueous extracts of medicinal plants (Mikania laevigata and Campomanesia xanthocarpa) were screened for the presence of mutagenic activity in the Salmonella/microsome assay. The extracts of Campomanesia xanthocarpa showed frameshift (TA97a strain) signs of mutagenic activity without exogenous metabolism (S9 fraction). The infusions of Mikania laevigata, negative for mutagenic activity, showed high percentages of inhibition of mutagenesis induced by mutagens 2AF (2-amino fluorene), in the presence of exogenous metabolism (S9 fraction), for frameshift (TA98) and base pair substitution (TA100) lesions. In addition, these inhibitions were observed against mutagen SAZ (sodium azide) in assays with the TA100 strain, without exogenous metabolism (S9 fraction). A synergistic effect was also observed in frameshift mutagenic events, with direct action in the presence of 4NQO (4-oxide-1-nitroquinoline) and a tendency to a low percentage of action enhancement, in the presence of the 2AF mutagen. The variable responses observed in the extract assays show the potentials for interaction of the different active principles in genetic material.     

热毒清对内毒素体内、外诱生肿瘤坏死因子的影响

目的 :探讨热毒清注射液抗内毒素血症的有关机理。方法 :体内实验观察热毒清对内毒素攻击小鼠产生肿瘤坏死因子 ( TNF)的影响 ,体外实验观察热毒清对内毒素刺激小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞诱生 TNF的影响。结果 :热毒清既能在体内降低内毒素攻击小鼠血清 TNF的水平 ,又能在体外抑制内毒素刺激小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞诱生 ,TNF。结论 :热毒清对内毒素诱生 TNF具有抑制作用。     

Inhibitory effect of methanol extract of Boschniakia rossica Fedtsch. et Flerov on rat hepatic preneoplastic lesions induced by diethylnitrosamine]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effect of Boschniakia rossica(BR) on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. METHOD: Based on immunohistochemistry techniques, the expression of placental form glutathione S-transferase(GST-P), mutant p53 and p21 protein were investigated in hepatic preneoplastic lesions induced by Solt-Farber protocol in the liver of rats that had been treated with the above method, administered with BR extract and of control group. RESULT: The extract of BR(500 mg/kg) has inhibitory effect on the formation of diethylnitrosamine-induced GST-P-positive foci in F344 rat and the expression of mutant p53 and p21 protein was lower than that of hepatic preneoplastic lesions, and the increasing gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase(gamma-GT) activity in rat liver treated with Solt-Farber protocol was decreased by the extract of BR. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that BR has inhibitory effect on DEN induced hepatic preneoplastic lesions in F344 rat.     

龙葵碱对人肝癌HepG2细胞N-乙酰基转移酶活性的影响

目的探讨龙葵碱对HepG2细胞N-乙酰基转移酶(NAT)活性的影响。方法采用HPLC方法,以2-氨基芴(2-AF)为底物,以2-AF被NAT乙酰化为2-乙酰氨基芴(2-AAF)的量来反应NAT的活性。结果龙葵碱能显著降低HepG2完整细胞NAT的活性;龙葵碱能够降低HepG2细胞质内NAT的活性,作用具有剂量依赖性。结论龙葵碱通过抑制HepG2细胞NAT的活性发挥细胞毒作用。     

Morin enhances auranofin anticancer activity by up‐regulation of DR4 and DR5 and modulation of Bcl‐2 through reactive oxygen species generation in Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Evidence suggests that auranofin (AF) exhibits anticancer activity by inhibiting thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Here, in this study, we have investigated the synergistic effects of AF and morin and their mechanism for the anticancer effects focusing on apoptosis in Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. We assessed the anticancer activities by annexin V/PI double staining, caspase, and TrxR activity assay. Morin enhances the inhibitory effects on TrxR activity of AF as well as reducing cell viability. Annexin V/PI double staining revealed that morin/AF cotreatment induced apoptotic cell death. Morin enhances AF‐induced mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) loss and cytochrome c release. Further, morin/AF cotreatment upregulated death receptor DR4/DR5, modulated Bcl‐2 family members (upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl‐2), and activated caspase‐3, ‐8, and ‐9. Morin also enhances AF‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The anticancer effects results from caspase‐dependent apoptosis, which was triggered via extrinsic pathway by upregulating TRAIL receptors (DR4/DR5) and enhanced via intrinsic pathway by modulating Bcl‐2 and inhibitor of apoptosis protein family members. These are related to ROS generation. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that morin can enhance the anticancer activity of AF in Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, indicating that its combination could be an alternative treatment strategy for the hepatocellular carcinoma.     

乳宁Ⅱ号对TA2小鼠乳腺癌MA-891移植瘤中血管内皮生长因子表达的影响

目的研究乳宁Ⅱ号对TA2小鼠乳腺癌移植瘤中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达及肺转移的影响。方法将体外培养的MA-891小鼠乳腺癌细胞接种于TA2小鼠右腋部皮下,造成小鼠移植瘤肺转移模型,同时予乳宁Ⅱ号治疗。结果乳宁Ⅱ号可抑制移植瘤生长,减少肺转移的发生(P<0．05),降低肿瘤组织中VEGF蛋白及VEGF mRNA表达(P<0．05)。结论乳宁Ⅱ号可通过降低肿瘤组织中VEGF蛋白及VEGF mRNA表达,发挥抑瘤和抗转移作用。     

阿魏菇多糖对整体荷瘤小鼠肿瘤和免疫作用的实验研究△

目的:研究阿魏菇多糖的抗肿瘤作用和免疫作用。方法:采用H22荷瘤小鼠,考察阿魏菇多糖对H22荷瘤小鼠瘤重和抑瘤率的影响,并考察阿魏菇多糖对二硝基氟苯(DNFB)诱导的小鼠迟发型变态反应(DTH)的影响。结果:阿魏菇多糖可以提高H22荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤率,增加荷瘤小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数,并显著增强DNFB诱导的小鼠DTH的作用。结论:阿魏菇多糖对H22肉瘤具有较强的抑制作用,并显著增加荷瘤小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数。阿魏菇多糖能显著增强DNFB诱导的小鼠DTH的作用。