老老年高血压患者颈动脉内中膜厚度与红细胞分布宽度变异系数相关性研究

目的 研究老老年高血压患者颈动脉内中膜厚度（CA-IMT）与红细胞分布宽度变异系数（RDW-cv）的相关性.方法 选择2011年4月至2013年4月入住中国中医科学院广安门医院125例老老年高血压患者,根据CA-IMT分成正常组25例、增厚组36例、斑块组64例,比较各组间RDW-cv及有关理化指标的情况.结果 各组间RDW-cv比较,正常组（11.00±4.07）＜增厚组（12.81±2.78）＜斑块组（13.95±1.34）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.经Spearman相关性分析显示,CA-IMT与RDW-cv存在显著相关性,差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）.结论 老老年高血压患者的颈动脉内中膜厚度与RDW-cv之间关系密切,RDW-cv或许可以成为预测老老年高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化及心脑血管病预后的危险因素之一.     

扩张型心肌病继发肺动脉高压与血尿酸的相关性研究

目的研究扩张型心肌病(DCM)继发肺动脉高压与血尿酸的相关性。方法回顾性分析武汉大学中南医院心内科自2012年1月1日~2016年4月14日间住院的113例扩张型心肌病患者资料,其中男性85例,女性28例。根据肺动脉压水平将入组患者分为肺动脉高压组(62例)和非肺动脉高压组(51例)。所有患者入院后收集一般资料,并检测血尿酸(s UA)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(c Tn I)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及心脏彩超检测的指标包括升主动脉宽度、肺动脉宽度、左心房内径值、左心室内径值、室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度、左室射血分数(LVEF),比较两组一般资料、生化指标及心脏超声结果。结果两组基本资料比较分析,肺动脉高压组的年龄高于非肺动脉高压组;肺动脉高压组的尿酸、尿素氮、红细胞分布宽度均高于非肺动脉高压组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。两组心脏彩超测量指标比较分析,肺动脉高压组的左心房内径值高于非肺动脉高压组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组样本行单因素相关分析后筛选出心肌酶、尿素氮、尿酸、红细胞分布宽度、年龄、左心房内径值可能与肺动脉高压有相关性,后根据筛选的因素,行Logistic回归分析,结果提示血尿酸(OR=1.009,95%CI:1.004~1.015,P0.05)、年龄(OR=1.048,95%CI:1.003~1.095,P0.05)、左心房内径值(OR=1.111,95%CI:1.023~1.207,P0.05)与扩张型心肌病肺动脉高压的发生有明显正相关。结论扩张型心肌病患者继发肺动脉高压可能与尿酸升高、左心房扩大、年龄增加相关,可能作为临床考虑扩张型心肌病患者肺动脉高压形成的危险因素。     

红细胞分布宽度和血清胱抑素C对COPD继发肺动脉高压的预判价值比较

目的 比较红细胞分布宽度 (RDW)和血清胱抑素 C (Cys-C)对 COPD 继发肺动脉高压的预判价值.方法 纳入2014年5月至2016年4月就诊的114例单纯COPD患者和66例COPD合并肺动脉高压患者,测量其血清 RDW 和 Cys-C 水平,比较并评价它们对肺动脉高压的预测价值.结果 合并组患者的血清 RDW和Cys-C水平均显著高于单纯 COPD患者 (P<0.05);RDW和 Cys-C预测COPD合并肺动脉高压的准确性均是74%,两者的敏感性、特异性和准确性等指标差异均无统计学意义 (P>0.05);血清 RDW水平与肺动脉压力呈正相关 (r=0.416,P =0.002),Cys-C水平与肺动脉高压的严重程度无显著相关性 (r=0.225,P =0.307).结论 虽然 RDW和 Cys-C 对 COPD合并肺动脉高压的预测准确性无明显差别,但 RDW与肺动脉压力显著相关,因此在临床中更具应用价值.     

血尿酸与高血压患者彩色多普勒能量图肾小动脉阻力损伤的相关性研究

目的研究高血压患者血尿酸对肾小动脉张力调节功能损伤的危险性.方法分别选到正常对照组12例,非糖尿病高血压组28例,2型糖尿病高血压组25例.检测入选对象血尿酸水平,使用彩色多普勒能量图检测主肾动脉,段动脉,叶间动脉(IRA)的阻力指数(RI),脉搏波动指数(PI).结果血尿酸(UA)检测结果比较,两高血压组分别显著高于对照组,P＜0.01,2型糖尿病组显著高于非糖尿病组,P＜0.029.各级肾小动脉RI参数比较,两高血压组分别显著高于对照组;2型糖尿病组显著高于非糖尿病组,P＜0.05或P＜0.01.UA及IRA-RI参数可因心功能损害加重,利尿剂用量增大,糖化血红蛋白A1水平异常增高.两高血压组UA水平与IRA-RI参数分别呈直线相关(r=0.842,r=0.797,P=0.000,P=0.000).结论高血压患者血尿酸水平与肾小动脉阻力指数密切相关.血尿酸,氧合黄嘌呤代谢途径对高血压患者肾小动脉张力调节功能受损起一定作用.     

COPD肺动脉高压患者血浆CDK5、磷酸化PPARγ水平及临床意义

目的：观察COPD肺动脉高压患者血浆细胞周期素依赖蛋白激酶5(cyclin-dependent kinase 5,CDK5)及磷酸化过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(phosphorylated-peroxisome proliferators-activated receptorsγ,P-PPARγ)水平变化,探讨二者与肺动脉高压的相关性及评估肺动脉高压的临床价值。方法以COPD患者为研究对象,以健康体检者为对照,经心脏彩色多普勒超声评估肺动脉收缩压(pulmonary artery systolic pressure,PASP)后,分为对照组、COPD 组及轻、中、重度COPD肺动脉高压组;采用 ELISA 法检测血浆 CDK5及 P-PPARγ蛋白浓度;应用 Pearson 相关分析方法分析血浆CDK5、P-PPARγ浓度分别与PASP的相关性以及二者之间的相关性;绘制 ROC曲线,评价二者预测COPD肺动脉高压的准确性。结果肺动脉高压组患者血浆 CDK5、P-PPARγ浓度高于对照组及COPD组,其中以重度肺动脉高压组最高,中度肺动脉高压组其次;Pearson相关分析显示血浆CDK5、P-PPARγ浓度分别与 PASP 呈正相关(r=0.789,P =0.000;r=0.649,P =0.000), CDK5与P-PPARγ之间亦呈正相关(r =0.674,P =0.000);ROC 曲线分析显示血浆 CDK5、P-PPARγ浓度预测肺动脉高压的曲线下面积分别为0.762、0.836,以 CDK5浓度115.91 ng/L为界值诊断肺动脉高压的灵敏度为60.0%,特异度为87.5%,以 P-PPARγ浓度95.34 ng/L 为界值,诊断肺动脉高压的灵敏度为80.0%,特异度为75.0%。结论 CDK5表达上调、PPARγ磷酸化是 COPD肺动脉高压形成中重要的病理改变,二者血浆水平与肺动脉高压密切相关,可以有效用于临床协助诊断COPD肺动脉高压、评估肺动脉高压程度。     

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与干燥综合征患者肺动脉压力的相关性研究

目的探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与干燥综合征(SS)患者肺动脉压力的相关性。方法回顾性分析98例SS患者,根据肺动脉压力分为肺动脉高压组18例和非肺动脉高压组80例。比较两组患者临床特征和实验室检查指标,采用Spearman相关性分析分析NLR与SS患者肺动脉压力的相关性,采用多因素分析探讨SS患者肺动脉压力和肺动脉高压的相关因素。行受试者工作特征曲线分析,探讨NLR预测SS患者发生肺动脉高压的最佳界值。结果两组患者C反应蛋白、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、NLR、红细胞计数、血红蛋白和总胆固醇水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,NLR水平与SS患者肺动脉压力呈正相关(r=0. 881,P 0. 05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,NLR与SS患者肺动脉压力相关(β=4. 812,95%CI 3. 581～6. 043,P 0. 05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,NLR(OR 1. 817,95%CI 1. 009～3. 272,P=0. 047)和C反应蛋白(OR 1. 302,95%CI 1. 086～1. 561,P=0. 004)均与SS患者肺动脉高压有关(P 0. 05)。受试者工作特征曲线分析显示NLR截断值为2. 33时对SS患者发生肺动脉高压有较好的预测(灵敏度为84. 2%,特异度为61%)。结论 NLR与SS患者肺动脉压力有关,且NLR水平对SS患者肺动脉高压具有一定的预测价值。     

OSAHS患者血清碱性成纤维细胞生长因子水平的变化与肺动脉压的关系

目的探讨bFGF在OSAHS患者肺动脉高压形成中的作用。方法OSAHS组80例,对照组40例进行多导睡眠仪检测;彩色多普勒超声心动图测定肺动脉压力(PAP);检测血清bFGF水平。结果OSAHS组PAP水平高于对照组(P<0.05);OSAHS合并肺动脉高压者血清bFGF水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05);OSAHS不合并肺动脉高压者血清bFGF水平低于OSAHS合并肺动脉高压者(P<0.05),但仍高于对照组(P<0.05);相关分析显示OSAHS组无论是合并PH还是未合并PH,PAP和AHI呈正相关(r=0.439,r=0.589,P均<0.05),血清bFGF水平与PAP之间呈正相关(r=0.730,r=0.804,P均<0.05)。结论OSAHS合并肺动脉高压者血清bFGF水平明显升高,bFGF可能在OSAHS患者肺动脉高压的形成中起一定作用。     

稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者CRP、D-D水平与肺动脉高压的关系

目的分析稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者C-反应蛋白(CRP)、D-二聚体(D-D)水平与肺动脉高压的关系。方法选取80例稳定期慢阻肺患者,根据是否合并肺动脉高压将其分为肺动脉高压组和非肺动脉高压组,分别纳入42例和38例患者。对两组患者的血清CRP水平、血浆D-D水平和肺动脉收缩压进行检测和比较。结果肺动脉高压组患者的血清CRP水平和血浆D-D水平均显著高于非肺动脉高压组(P0.05),稳定期慢阻肺合并肺动脉高压患者的肺动脉收缩压与血清CRP水平呈正相关关系(r=0.413,P0.05),与血浆D-D水平无相关性(P0.05)。结论稳定期慢阻肺合并肺动脉高压患者表现为血清CRP水平和血浆D-D水平的显著升高,而且血清CRP水平与其病情严重程度具有相关性,可作为反映患者病情进展的辅助指标。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病继发肺动脉高压患者血清超敏C反应蛋白水平变化及意义

目的观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)继发肺动脉高压患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法 80例急性加重期COPD患者,根据是否合并肺动脉高压分为合并肺动脉高压组42例和无肺动脉高压组38例。两组患者常规取血分离血清,用免疫比浊法检测血清中的hs-CRP。结果合并肺动脉高压组患者血清hs-CRP明显高于无肺动脉高压组,P<0.05。合并肺动脉高压组患者肺动脉收缩压与血清hs-CRP呈显著正相关(r=0.702,P<0.05)。结论合并肺动脉高压的COPD患者血清hs-CRP水平升高。检测血清hs-CRP对于早期判断COPD发展进程有一定的临床意义。     

左心室收缩不同步对扩张性心肌病患者预后的预测价值

目的:运用组织多普勒超声心动图研究左心室收缩不同步在扩张性心肌病患者中的预后价值.方法:入选62例扩张性心肌病患者,所有患者均行心电图、超声心动图(包括组织多普勒超声心动图)及冠状动脉造影,入选患者根据心室内延迟时间(IVD)分为2组:IVD≤65 ms组(n=10),IVD>65 ms组(n=52),主要终点定义为随访期内的全因死亡.结果:IVD>65 ms组患者有较长的IVD(129±68 ms vs 58±9 ms,P＜0.05),较高的左束支传导阻滞发生率(31% vs 10%,P=0.05).IVD≤65 ms组1例死亡,为心原性猝死;而IVD>65 ms组29例死亡,12例为心原性猝死,17例为进展性心力衰竭.Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示IVD>65 ms组患者有较低的生存率(P＜0.05).在调整其它主要影响因素后,IVD>65ms是死亡的独立预测因子(RR=1.8502,P＜0.01)结论:高IVD是扩张性心肌病患者死亡的独立预测因素.     

Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

县级以下综合医疗机构医务人员对现代结控知识的认识现状调查

目的本文旨在了解医务人员现代结控知识掌握的现状及培训效果?方法于培训前后进行问卷调查,内容包括:病例发现?结核病诊断及化疗?结果培训前疫情报告和转诊,回答正确者占75.2%?71.7%;对临床表现?查痰和诊断依据,回答正确者占83.5%?42.5%?40.8%;抗痨药物?用药方法?化疗原则?短化方案?短化疗程?治愈标准六项,回答正确者占58%?14.4%?20.8%?9.2%?17%?24.3%?培训后再次调查发现,90%以上医务人员对现代结控基本知识已掌握?结论各级医务人员现代结控知识是很贫乏的,因此,对其进行系统培训是极为必要的,此项工作省时?省力?投入少,可收到事半功倍的效果。     

Weighing the QT Intervals with the Slope or the Amplitude of the T Wave

Objective: The reproducibility of QT interval measurements is low, even for the mean QT interval based on the standard ECG. In this study we analyzed whether the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval was better than the simple mean QT interval. The weighing was based on the amplitude of the T wave or the slope of the steepest tangent on the terminal part of the T wave. Material and methods: 12‐lead ECGs of 130 postmyocardial infarction patients were obtained. The QT intervals were measured by the tangent‐method on two occasions by the same observer Mismatch QT intervals were defined as QT intervals that were measured at only one occasion. Sixteen ECGs were rejected. The data were split into 34 and 80 ECGs for optimization and validation of the weighing, respectively. The weighed QT dispersion was calculated as the weighed mean of the three longest minus the weighed mean of the three shortest QT intervals. Results: Weighing with the slope increased the reproducibility by 41% (P = 3 10^‐6), but weighing with the amplitude reduced it by 20% (P = 0.02). However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the slope or the amplitude increased the reproducibility with 26% and 20% (P = 0.02), respectively. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Conclusion: Weighing with the slope improved the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval. However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the amplitude also increased the reproducibility. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Weighing is particularly efficient at reducing the negative impact of mismatch QT intervals on the reproducibility. A.N.E. 2002;7(1):4–9     

大骨节病病区水,粮实验对动物的骨和软骨中化学元素组成的影响

用质子激发 X 线荧光分析方法(PIXE)测定了大骨节病病区和非病区的水、粮以及用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的肋软骨和硬骨中22种化学元素的含量。结果发现水粮中存在差异的元素反应在用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的骨、软骨中也存在差异,含量都低的元素有 P、Mn、Cu、As、Zn。都高的有铅。其中锌低在水、粮、硬骨和软骨中都完全一致呈非常显著性差异(p<0.01)。提示病区水、粮中化学元素对骨质的影响不是单一元素缺乏或过多所致,而是多种元素的复合因素。     

Assessment of the Soft-Tissue Seal at the Interface between the Base of the Fixed Denture Pontic and the Oral Mucosa

Fixed dentures (bridges) are often selected as a treatment option for a defective prosthesis. In this study, we assess the contact condition between the base of the pontic and oral mucosa, and examine the effect of prosthetic preparation and material biocompatibility. The molars were removed and replaced with experimental implants with a free-end type bridge superstructure after one week. In Experiment 1, we assessed different types of prosthetic pre-treatment: (1) the untreated control group (Con: mucosa recovering from the tooth extraction); (2) the laser irradiation group (Las: mucosa recovering after the damage caused by a CO₂ laser); and (3) the tooth extraction group (Ext: mucosa recovering immediately after the teeth extraction). In Experiment 2, five materials (titanium, zirconia, porcelain, gold-platinum alloy, and self-curing resin) were placed at the base of the bridge pontic. Four weeks after the placement of the bridge, the mucosa adjacent to the pontic base was histologically analyzed. In Experiment 1, the Con and Las groups exhibited no formation of an epithelial sealing structure on the pontic base. In the Ext group, adherent epithelium was observed. In Experiment 2, the sealing properties at the pontic interface were superior for titanium and the zirconia compared with those made of porcelain or gold-platinum alloy. In the resin group, a clear delay in epithelial healing was observed.     

高胆红素血症对肿瘤标志物测定的影响探讨

目的探讨高胆红素血症对Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测的影响.方法对320例胆管、胆囊良恶性疾病病人,15例胆囊炎病人的胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化、10例黄疸肝炎病人进行Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测.结果在良性胆管、胆囊疾病中,Ca19-9的假阳性最高;在胆红素增高的良性疾病中,Ca19-9假阳性率达46.7%;15例胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化和10例黄疸肝炎病人中,Ca19-9的假阳性率分别为93%、20%、80%和80%.结论高胆红素血症对Ca19-9检测影响最明显,胆囊、胆管良恶性疾病鉴别时,以Ca24-2和CEA检测为佳.     

Hepato-pancreato-biliary fat: the good, the bad and the ugly

Obesity has become epidemic in the United States, in Europe, and in many urban areas in the developing world. The globalization of certain 'fast foods' and 'soft drinks' may, in part, be contributing to this epidemic. Diets high in saturated fatty acids and trans fats as well as drinks that have high fructose corn syrup levels may be particularly harmful. Recent research suggests that fat is a dynamic endocrine organ and that visceral fat is associated with the metabolic syndrome. Central obesity leads to organ steatosis and altered serum adipokines including reduced adiponectin and markedly elevated leptin. This abnormal adipokine milieu results in increased tissue infiltration of monocytes and macrophages which produce proinflammatory cytokines that alter organ function. Over many years, the combination of steatosis and local inflammation leads to fibrosis and eventually to cancer. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a precursor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD and NASH (1) lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, (2) increase the risk of liver resection, and (3) compromise the outcome of liver transplantation. Similarly, in the pancreas nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) may lead to nonalcoholic steatopancreatitis (NASP). NAFPD and NASP may (1) promote the development of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, (2) exacerbate the severity of acute pancreatitis, and (3) increase the risk of pancreatic surgery. In the gallbladder nonalcoholic fatty gallbladder disease (NAFGBD, cholecystosteatosis) may lead to steatocholecystitis. Cholecystosteatosis may be an explanation for (1) the increased incidence of chronic acalculous cholecystitis and (2) the increased number of cholecystectomies.