颈内静脉病变与颅内静脉窦血栓形成关系的研究

目的探讨颈内静脉(IJV)病变与颅内静脉窦血栓形成(CVST)发生的关系。方法回顾性纳入2010年10月—2012年7月在首都医科大学宣武医院就诊的经核磁共振静脉造影和(或)DSA检查,并经临床确诊的CVST患者89例。应用彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)检测双侧IJV不同部位的管径、最大血流速度(Vmax)及反流时间。分析CVST患者IJV病变的类型及特点,比较不同病变组的IJV结构和血流动力学参数。结果①89例患者中,IJV正常者25例(28.0%),异常者64例(72.0%)。IJV病变类型包括局限性狭窄(39例,60.9%),长段纤细(17例,26.6%),血栓形成(5例,7.8%)及瓣膜异常(3例,4.7%)。②IJV病变侧别与CVST侧别完全一致者占76.6%(49/64),单侧IJV病变发生双侧CVST者占6.2%(4/64),双侧IJV病变发生单侧CVST者占17.2%(11/64);无一例IJV病变侧别与CVST侧别颠倒者。③在单侧IJV狭窄性病变(局限性狭窄和长段纤细)的43例患者中,狭窄处的最小管径均明显低于对侧,差异有统计学意义,P<0.01。单侧IJV局限性狭窄组的Vmax明显高于对侧[(109±42)cm/s比(70±33)cm/s,P=0.0002)],而单侧长段纤细组的Vmax显著低于对侧[(39±24)cm/s比(73±36)cm/s,P=0.004)]。④CVST患者中,IJV正常组与异常组IJV是否存在反流及反流时间差异无统计学意义。结论 IJV病变与CVST发生有关,其可能是CVST的危险因素之一。     

切割球囊在冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

目的　研究切割球囊在冠状动脉介入治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法　22例病人,23支病变冠状动脉,25处病变,其中支架内再狭窄17例、18支血管、18处病变,距前次介入治疗平均(7.6±3.5)个月,使用切割球囊对病变进行扩张,观察扩张效果并进行临床门诊随访。结果　全部病变均取得成功,平均扩张次数(5.2±2.3)次,平均球囊总充盈时间(233.9±94.8)s,平均最大扩张压力(9.4±1.9)大气压,术后血管狭窄程度明显减轻［(89.6±8.7)%vs(17.6±17.1)%,P=0.001］,无严重并发症发生,再狭窄病变中有3处需使用普通球囊补充扩张,1处因原支架出口处撕裂再次置入支架,初次介入治疗者,因明显内膜撕裂或残余狭窄需置入支架者3例。临床随访0.5～20(7.4±6.9)个月,有2例出现心绞痛复发。结论　切割球囊对冠状动脉狭窄尤其是支架内再狭窄是有效、安全的介入治疗方法。     

20例支架外侧球囊扩张挽救冠状动脉分支疗效和安全性观察

目的 评价主支支架外侧球囊扩张技术,便于导丝重新进入已闭塞的分支,进而挽救分支血管的安全性及疗效.方法 20例冠心病患者共20个真性分叉病变,分叉病变中位于左主干/前降支3例(占15％),前降支/第一对角支9例(占45％),回旋支/钝缘支3例(占15％),右冠状动脉/后降支或后侧支5例(占25％).所有分叉病变分支预留挤压(jailed)导丝,主支病变置入支架后,分支闭塞,TIMI血流分级0～1级,导丝无法重新找到分支入口,此时在主支支架外侧采用1.25mm小球囊通过分支Jailed导丝,于主支支架外低压力扩张分支开口,然后导丝再次穿过主支支架网眼进入分支真正开口,最后完成主支与分支球囊对吻,纠正主支支架变形.本研究观察手术成功率、并发症和近期随访结果.结果 20例支架外侧球囊扩张技术挽救分支病例中,主支支架术置入18例(支架28枚),主支/分支双支架置入2例.主支靶血管术前平均狭窄(直径法)为(90±10.5)％,术后为(10±1.5)％,其中术前为0～2级TIMI血流均恢复到3级.分支血管术前平均狭窄(直径法)为(63±14.3)％,术后为(42.5±13.5)％,TIMI血流均为3级.2例术后心绞痛,1例心肌酶学增高,无分支发生夹层,无急性心肌梗死等严重并发症.术后临床随访12 ～18个月,无死亡及心肌梗死等心脏不良事件发生.结论 利用支架外侧球囊扩张技术可以较容易找到分支真正开口,实现处理分叉病变所需要的交换导丝及球囊对吻,缩短了手术时间,提高手术的安全性,其成功率高,并发症少,近期疗效满意.     

延迟支架置入术在高血栓负荷急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

目的观察高血栓负荷急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后靶病变的变化及延迟支架置入情况。方法入选48例高血栓负荷STEMI患者,急诊予单纯球囊扩张和(或)冠状动脉血栓抽吸,梗死相关动脉前向血流心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级3级,7 d后复查冠状动脉造影(CAG),根据靶病变血管狭窄情况必要时置入支架治疗。观察靶病变变化的相关数据,包括狭窄程度、长度、近端参考血管直径、远端参考血管直径,比较老年患者(≥60岁)和中青年患者(<60岁)支架置入比例。结果 7 d后复查CAG显示靶病变直径狭窄程度较直接PCI时减轻(35.5%±14.1%比48.8%±11.0%,P<0.01)、病变长度缩短[(15.69±5.36)mm比(18.94±5.37)mm,P<0.01],靶病变近端参考血管直径[(3.29±0.33)mm比(3.24±0.32)mm,P=0.02]和远端参考血管直径[(3.18±0.33)mm比(3.08±0.33)mm,P<0.01]增大;其中,39.6%(19/48)患者因靶病变狭窄>50%置入支架,老年患者和中青年患者置入支架比例分别是56%(9/16)、31%(10/32)(P=0.04)。结论对于中青年高血栓负荷不适宜直接支架置入术的STEMI患者急诊予单纯球囊扩张和(或)血栓抽吸即时开通梗死相关动脉,再延迟必要时支架置入治疗策略是安全、有效的。     

冠心病分叉病变不同处理方法疗效研究

目的 探讨应用药物支架治疗冠心病分叉病变时对开口狭窄的分支血管不同处理方法的疗效.方法 入选66例主支血管药物支架置入术后引起直径≥2.0mm且＜2.5mm分支血管开口狭窄大于50%的、于术后6～12个月间接受冠状动脉造影随访的患者,根据分支血管采取的不同治疗方法分成2组,即主支置入支架、分支血管单纯球囊扩张组(球囊扩张组)和主支置入支架、分支未处理组(未处理组).观察分支血管开口狭窄程度变化及主要不良心血管事件发生情况.结果 于术后6～12个月接受冠状动脉造影复查随访时,虽然分支开口狭窄程度在球囊扩张组优于未处理组,但两组间主支血管再狭窄率和主要不良心血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对支架置入后开口狭窄的分支血管采取单纯球囊扩张治疗并没有改善远期临床预后.     

10例多发性大动脉炎的介入治疗

目的　评价介入方法治疗多发性大动脉炎的临床疗效。方法　我院连续收治 10例多发性大动脉炎患者 ,对其应用介入治疗。治疗血管 13支 ,其中锁骨下动脉 2支 ,肾动脉 5支 ,腹主动脉 1支 ,髂颈总动脉 1支 ,肺动脉 3支。 8例患者因球囊扩张后不满意或夹层形成而置入支架 9枚。结果　 10例 13支病变血管介入治疗均成功 ,病变狭窄由 (90± 11) %降至 (11± 12 ) % (P <0 0 1) ,无严重并发症发生 ,2例发生轻度并发症 (1例腹主动脉球囊扩张时背痛 ,1例锁骨下动脉植入支架后肩胛动脉一过性阻塞 )。随诊 18± 13个月 ,8例患者临床症状持续缓解 ;2例单纯球囊扩张者 (1例肺动脉 1例锁骨下动脉 )术后症状复发 ,但较术前减轻。结论　采用球囊扩张结合支架治疗多发性大动脉炎所致外周动脉病变成功率高 ,临床症状缓解明显 ,远期疗效良好。     

分叉病变不同处理方法的疗效观察

目的观察比较应用药物支架治疗分叉病变时对开口狭窄的分支血管的不同处理方法(即支架治疗、单纯球囊扩张和不处理分支)的疗效。方法入选93例主支血管药物支架置入术后引起直径≥2.0mm分支血管开口狭窄大于50%的、于术后6~12个月间接受冠状动脉造影随访的患者,根据分支血管采取的不同治疗方法分成3组,即主支和分支血管均置入支架组(简称支架组)、主支置入支架、分支血管单纯球囊扩张组(简称球囊扩张组)和主支置入支架、分支未处理组(简称未处理组)。观察分支血管开口狭窄程度变化及主要不良心血管事件发生情况。结果于术后6~12个月接受冠状动脉造影复查随访时,虽然分支开口狭窄程度在支架组和球囊扩张组仍优于未处理组(三组分别为40.21%,40.76%和80.23%;P<0.001),但三组间主支血管再狭窄率和主要不良心血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(三组主支血管再狭窄率分别为33.33%,25.00%和12.50%;P=0.085;主要不良心血管事件发生率分别为38.10%,29.17%和25.00%;P=0.523)。结论对支架置入后开口狭窄的分支血管采取积极的处理方法(如支架置入、单纯球囊扩张)同未处理组相比,并没有改善远期临床预后。     

双导丝球囊在冠状动脉分叉病变中的应用

目的:观察双导丝球囊在冠状动脉分叉病变应用中的有效及安全性。方法:本研究入选210例冠状动脉分叉病变患者,随机分为双导丝球囊组和普通球囊组。用定量冠状动脉造影的方法分别测量了术前、球囊扩张后、支架置入后分叉部位最小管腔直径、即刻管径获得和直径狭窄率。结果:研究的有效性指标,在球囊扩张后,使用双导丝球囊的病例与使用普通球囊的病例相比,前者边支血管的直径狭窄率更低[(43.38±16.81)vs.(51.68±15.01)%,P<0.01]、最小管腔直径更大[(1.34±0.47)vs.(1.15±0.39)mm,P<0.01]、即刻管径获得的绝对值更少[(-0.11±0.04)vs.(-0.25±0.09)mm,P<0.01],差异均具有统计学意义。170例患者在球囊扩张主支血管后置入了支架。双导丝球囊组与普通球囊组相比,前者边支血管的直径狭窄率更低[(50.34±16.82)vs.(66.09±22.60)%,P<0.01]、最小管腔直径更大[(1.14±0.40)vs.(0.93±0.34)mm,P<0.01]、即刻管径获得的绝对值更少[(-0.30±0.12)vs.(-0.54±0.19)mm,P<0.01],差异均具有统计学意义。安全性指标,血管夹层、边支闭塞、主要不良心血管事件发生率在两组间无明显差异。结论:用双导丝球囊扩张主支血管,边支血管受到的影响相对较小,这可能和导丝切割斑块的作用有关。双导丝球囊可能成为分叉病变介入治疗中的一种选择。     

Minirail双钢丝球囊在冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

目的评价一种新型球囊导管--Minirail双钢丝球囊在冠状动脉介入治疗中的有效性和安全性.方法22例冠心病患者,其中男16例,女6例,平均年龄(58-8±8.7)岁,行择期冠状动脉介入治疗,靶病变24处(病变位于前降支17处、回旋支2处、右冠状动脉5处),其中C型病变5处、B2型病变14处、B1型病变5处,术前平均狭窄程度91.18%±5.95%,采用Minirail球囊导管行冠状动脉球囊成形术.结果Minirail球囊扩张操作成功率100%.球囊扩张后残余狭窄33.18%±25.14%;发生明显内膜撕裂3例,慢血流1例;其中19例患者植入支架共24个,术终残余狭窄1.82%±5.01%.无死亡、Q波性心肌梗死或需紧急冠状动脉旁路移植手术者.结论Minirail球囊导管方便、实用、安全、有效,在冠状动脉介入治疗中具有一定临床应用价值.     

药物洗脱支架直接置入术治疗急性心肌梗死的临床观察

目的观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)时行无球囊预扩张直接置入雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架(CYPHERTM,codis)治疗的临床效果。方法对21例AMI患者在发病12h内,未经球囊预扩张而直接置入药物洗脱支架。梗死相关血管(IRA)共21支,左前降支10例,左回旋支4例,右冠状动脉7例。心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流1级10例、2级9例、3级2例。结果21例患者共置入21个CYPHERTM支架,支架置入后TIMI血流3级20例、2级1例,残余狭窄为3±4.1%,支架置入成功率100%。住院期间无一例死亡,也无再次心肌梗死及再次靶病变需重复再通治疗。结论急性心肌梗死(AMI)时行无球囊预扩张直接置入雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架治疗,成功率高,并发症少,安全可行。     

难治性中心气道狭窄的综合介入治疗

目的 评价5种介入技术联合应用在难治性中心气道狭窄治疗中的价值.方法 2001年1月至2008年6月第四军医大学唐都医院呼吸科收住的138例难治性中心气道狭窄患者,经临床、肺功能评价后,根据狭窄的病因、类型、部位、程度、长度以及狭窄远端肺组织和气道功能的不同,选择高频电力、氩等离子体凝固(APC)、冷冻、支架置入和高压球囊扩张等5种技术中的2种(包括2种)以上方法.138例中高频电刀+APC治疗42例,高频电刀+冷冻+APC治疗54例,高频电刀+冷冻+APC+支架置入治疗29例,冷冻+APC+高压球囊扩张治疗13例.达到理想效果1个月后评价气道开放、近期疗效和肺功能改善情况.结果 138例患者近期总有效率为100%,气道直径术前为(2.6±1.5)mm,术后为(6.2±1.7)mm;气促评分由术前的(2.4±0.8)减少到术后的(0.7 4±0.6).FEV_1由术前的(1.8±0.6)%上升到术后的(3.1±0.7)%.23例良性病变(包括4例良性肿瘤,15例结核性狭窄和4例其他肉芽肿狭窄)的患者,3个月随访有5例发生再狭窄需要介入治疗,有效率为78.3%(18/23),6个月随访有3例再狭窄需要介入治疗,有效率为86.9%(20/23),12个月随访23例患者均未见明显狭窄.恶性肿瘤狭窄患者未进行远期随访.结论 高频电刀、APC、冷冻、支架置入和高压球囊扩张等5种介入技术联合应用,对难治性中心气道狭窄有较好的效果,该方法并发症少,安令可行,值得临床推广应用.     

Results of three to 10 year follow up of balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve

BACKGROUND: The results of immediate and short term follow up of balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve have been well documented, but there is limited information on long term follow up. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of three to 10 year follow up of balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve in children and adolescents. SETTING: Tertiary care centre/university hospital. DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS AND RESULTS: 85 patients (aged between 1 day and 20 years, mean (SD) 7.0 (6.4) years) underwent balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve during an 11 year period ending August 1994. There was a resultant reduction in the peak to peak gradient from 87 (38) to 26 (22) mm Hg. Immediate surgical intervention was not required. Residual gradients of 29 (17) mm Hg were measured by catheterisation (n = 47) and echo Doppler (n = 82) at intermediate term follow up (two years). When individual results were scrutinised, nine of 82 patients had restenosis, defined as a peak gradient of 50 mm Hg or more. Seven of these patients underwent repeat balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve: peak gradients were reduced from 89 (40) to 38 (20) mm Hg. Clinical evaluation and echo Doppler data of 80 patients showed that residual peak instantaneous Doppler gradients were 17 (15) mm Hg at long term follow up (three to 10 years, median seven), with evidence for late restenosis in one patient (1.3%). Surgical intervention was necessary to relieve fixed infundibular stenosis in three patients and supravalvar pulmonary stenosis in one. Repeat balloon dilatation was performed to relieve restenosis in two patients. Actuarial reintervention free rates at one, two, five, and 10 years were 94%, 89%, 88%, and 84%, respectively. Pulmonary valve regurgitation was noted in 70 of 80 patients at late follow up, but neither right ventricular dilatation nor paradoxical interventricular septal motion developed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of late follow up of balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve are excellent. Repeat balloon dilatation was performed in 11% of patients and surgical intervention for subvalvlar or supravalvar stenosis in 5%. Most patients had mild residual pulmonary regurgitation but right ventricular volume overload was not required. Balloon dilatation is the treatment of choice in the management of moderate to severe stenosis of the pulmonary valve. Further follow up studies should be undertaken to evaluate the significance of residual pulmonary regurgitation.     

Morphological effects on in-stent restenosis assessed by intravascular ultrasound imaging.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rupture and dissection of the vessel wall immediately after balloon dilatation by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging and to predict restenosis in patients who underwent subsequent coronary stent implantation. Stent implantation improves the long-term results of coronary angioplasty by reducing lesion elastic recoil and arterial remodeling. However, several studies have suggested that neointimal hyperplasia is the cause of instant restenosis. We recruited 60 patients in whom IVUS studies were performed immediately after successful balloon dilatation and just before stent implantation. We compared IVUS parameters with 6-month follow-up quantitative coronary angiography. This was performed in 51 lesions of 51 patients (85%). Qualitative analysis included assessment of plaque composition, plaque eccentricity, plaque fracture and the presence of dissection. In addition, minimal luminal diameter, percent diameter stenosis, percent area stenosis and plaque burden were quantitatively analyzed. Two morphological patterns after balloon dilatation were classified by IVUS. Type I was defined as absence or partial tear of the plaque without disclosure of the media to lumen (22 lesions). Type II was defined as a split in the plaque or dissection of the vessel wall with disclosure of the media to the lumen (29 lesions). At 6 months follow-up, angiographic restenosis occurred in 17 of the 51 lesions (33%). Restenosis was significantly (p < 0.05) more likely to occur in type II (13/29: 45% incidence) than in type I (4/22: 18% incidence). The assessment of plaque morphology immediately after balloon dilatation and before stent implantation provides important therapeutic and prognostic implications.     

Combined use of electrosurgical incisions and balloon dilatation for the treatment of refractory postoperative pyloric stenosis

BACKGROUND: Drug therapy plus balloon dilatation without gastroscopic incision does not always relieve postoperative pyloric stenosis. METHODS: Five patients with postoperative pyloric stenosis whose symptoms did not improve with drug therapy and balloon dilatation underwent a combination of gastroscopic incision and balloon dilatation. Two or 3 small radial incisions were made in the stenotic muscle of the pylorus electrosurgically at gastroscopy. Then the stenotic muscle layer was loosened and split bluntly along the incisions with balloon dilatation for 15 to 20 minutes. One week later, the combination procedure or balloon dilatation alone was repeated to prevent restenosis. RESULTS: In the 5 patients, the stenosis was improved with the combination therapy. No complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Combined use of gastroscopic incision and balloon dilatation may be considered for patients with refractory pyloric stenosis caused by surgical truncal vagotomy.     

经气管镜介入治疗结核性气道狭窄临床分析

目的 探讨目前经气管镜介入治疗结核性气道狭窄的临床效果、并发症及展望.方法 回顾性分析北京天坛医院2006年10月至2008年10月间经气管镜介入治疗结核性气道狭窄的临床资料.结果 目前的介入方法如氩等离子体凝固术、冷冻术、球囊扩张、金属支架放置等联合治疗结核性气道狭窄12例,全部即时效果理想,经治疗后胸闷、气促、咳嗽、咯痰等症状均明显好转,气道直径由治疗前的(2.71±1.89)mrn增加到(8.42±.75)mm(P<0.01).气促指数由治疗前的(2.83±1.14)减少到(0.83±0.69)(P <0.01).远期再狭窄率为75%,对再次介入治疗依然反应良好.结论 目前经气管镜介入治疗结核性气道狭窄是一种可供选择的治疗方法,但远期再狭窄发生率较高.     

Balloon dilatation of critical stenosis of the pulmonary valve in neonates

Percutaneous balloon dilatation was attempted in 15 consecutive neonates (mean age 7.3 (range 1-27) days and weight 3.2 (range 2.5-4.1) kg) with critical stenosis of the pulmonary valve. Dilatation was successful in 11 (73%) patients. The mean balloon to annulus ratio was 1.1 (range 0.6-1.77). The ratio of right ventricle to femoral artery systolic pressure decreased from a mean (1 SD) of 1.4 (0.32) before to 0.8 (0.24) after dilatation and the transvalvar gradient decreased from 81 (29.7) mm Hg before to 33 (27.7) mm Hg after dilatation. All four (27%) patients in whom dilatation was unsuccessful underwent surgical valvotomy. Complications of balloon dilatation occurred in three (20%) patients; these included retroperitoneal haematoma (one) and iliofemoral venous occlusion (two). In one (7%) patient severe hypoxia and hypotension developed when the valve was crossed with a guide wire and balloon catheter. Despite successful dilatation he died 7 days after the procedure. During a mean (1 SD) follow up of 2 (1.7) years, seven (64%) of the 11 patients remained free of important restenosis. One patient required repeat dilatation three weeks after the initial procedure. In three (27%) patients restenosis developed 4-9 months after dilatation and all three had surgical valvotomy. Of the four patients initially referred for surgery three required a second operation and one required balloon dilatation. Percutaneous balloon dilatation gave effective relief of critical pulmonary stenosis in most neonates but complications and restenosis requiring surgery were common.     

Balloon dilatation of critical stenosis of the pulmonary valve in neonates.

Percutaneous balloon dilatation was attempted in 15 consecutive neonates (mean age 7.3 (range 1-27) days and weight 3.2 (range 2.5-4.1) kg) with critical stenosis of the pulmonary valve. Dilatation was successful in 11 (73%) patients. The mean balloon to annulus ratio was 1.1 (range 0.6-1.77). The ratio of right ventricle to femoral artery systolic pressure decreased from a mean (1 SD) of 1.4 (0.32) before to 0.8 (0.24) after dilatation and the transvalvar gradient decreased from 81 (29.7) mm Hg before to 33 (27.7) mm Hg after dilatation. All four (27%) patients in whom dilatation was unsuccessful underwent surgical valvotomy. Complications of balloon dilatation occurred in three (20%) patients; these included retroperitoneal haematoma (one) and iliofemoral venous occlusion (two). In one (7%) patient severe hypoxia and hypotension developed when the valve was crossed with a guide wire and balloon catheter. Despite successful dilatation he died 7 days after the procedure. During a mean (1 SD) follow up of 2 (1.7) years, seven (64%) of the 11 patients remained free of important restenosis. One patient required repeat dilatation three weeks after the initial procedure. In three (27%) patients restenosis developed 4-9 months after dilatation and all three had surgical valvotomy. Of the four patients initially referred for surgery three required a second operation and one required balloon dilatation. Percutaneous balloon dilatation gave effective relief of critical pulmonary stenosis in most neonates but complications and restenosis requiring surgery were common.     

支气管镜下激光、球囊扩张联合冷冻治疗良性中心气道狭窄的疗效分析

目的研究支气管镜下激光、球囊扩张联合冷冻治疗良性中心气道狭窄(CAS)的疗效分析。方法本研究对象为2017年11月-2018年8月于我院治疗的42例良性CAS患者,随机数字表法均分为两组。对照组21例患者采用支气管镜下激光、球囊扩张治疗,观察组21例患者在此基础上联合冷冻治疗,随访10个月,记录围术期情况,比较术后当天、1月、10个月气道狭窄再通疗效,各随访时间采用美国胸科学会(ATS)气促评分标准评价呼吸困难指数,镜下观察肉芽肿、黏膜水肿、管腔通畅等情况。结果观察组术后早期呼吸困难发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),均无气胸、大咯血、纵隔气肿等发生;两组术后当天气道狭窄疗效评价差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后1月、10个月观察组气道狭窄疗效优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后当天、1月、10个月呼吸困难指数均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后肉芽肿能够较快形成稳定非挛缩样瘢痕,并保持稳定管腔扩大状态;对照组易出现黏膜水肿,残留肉芽肿,容易出现管腔再狭窄。结论支气管镜下激光、球囊扩张联合冷冻治疗良性CAS疗效更佳,术后呼吸更畅通,同时冷冻治疗能改善激光、球囊扩张治疗后出现的医源性黏膜水肿及肉芽肿引起的气道再度狭窄。     

Influence of residual stenosis in determining restenosis after cutting balloon angioplasty.

The cutting balloon is a new device for coronary angioplasty, which, by the combination of incision and dilatation of the plaque, is believed to minimize arterial wall trauma, the neoproliferative response, and subsequent restenosis. In this study, we sought to determine predictors of the restenosis using this technique. Seventy-seven patients underwent successful coronary angioplasty with cutting balloon alone. In 67 of these patients (87%), we performed a control angiogram at 6-month follow-up. Pre-, post-, and late angiographic results were evaluated by quantitative coronary analysis. Clinical and angiographic variables were correlated with restenosis as a binary variable and a continuous variable (late loss and late minimum luminal diameter). Univariate analysis showed that the immediate postprocedure minimum luminal diameter (MLD) was smaller in the restenotic group (defined as MLD > 50% by quantitative coronary angiography) than in the nonrestenotic group (1.90 +/- 0.47 mm vs. 2.19 +/- 0.56 mm, P < 0.05). In addition, the immediate percentage of stenosis was higher in the restenotic group than in the nonrestenotic group (37% +/- 10% vs. 27% +/- 11%, P < 0. 003). Multivariate analysis identified the immediate postcutting balloon percentage of stenosis as an independent determinant of binary restenosis (P < 0.008). When restenosis was defined as a continuous variable, the immediate postprocedure MLD was an independent predictor of late loss (P < 0.02) and of late MLD (P < 0. 0002). No clinical, preprocedure angiographic, or technical variables tested were associated with restenosis. The degree of postprocedural residual stenosis after cutting balloon angioplasty is predictive of late restenosis.     

Early lumen loss after repeat coronary intervention for in-stent restenosis.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of balloon angioplasty versus repeat stenting on the early angiographic outcome in patients with in-stent restenosis. The treatment of in-stent restenosis using balloon angioplasty alone often yields excellent early results, but is associated with a high rate of late recurrence. In the SCRIPPS trial, patients with restenosis were treated either with balloon angioplasty alone or placement of additional stents to optimize angiographic results before randomization and exposure of the restenotic segment to gamma radiation or placebo. In patients undergoing repeat catheter based intervention for the treatment of in-stent restenosis, quantitative coronary angiography was used to compare the results of balloon angioplasty alone versus repeat stenting on early lumen loss. After a mean delay time interval of 71 min, the early loss was 0.35 +/- 0.34 mm in the balloon angioplasty alone group compared to 0.01 +/- 0.34 mm in the repeat-stenting group (P = 0.004). The early loss index in the balloon angioplasty alone group (12.8 +/- 12.9%) was significantly greater than in the repeat stenting group (0.7 +/- 12.1%; P = 0.003). Although balloon angioplasty for in-stent restenosis often provides excellent immediate angiographic results, luminal diameters are significantly reduced in the early time period after balloon dilatation. Repeat stenting nearly abolishes this early luminal loss.