拮氟锐抗氟毒性的研究

本文在硼抗氟毒性及其机理研究的基础上，选用硼，微量元素和中药配制成“损坏氟锐”，通过大鼠性性实验，观察了拮氟锐抗氟毒性的效果。结果表明、拮氟锐能增加尿氟含量，促进氟硼酸根离子的形成，使总排氟量增加骨氟含量降低；并对氟引起的微量元素平衡失调和碱性磷酸酶活性的高具有拮抗作用，同时，拮氟锐可拮抗氟所致的自然杀伤细胞和白细胞介素－２活性的降低。与硼比较，拮氟锐抗氟毒性的效果更明显。     

氟硼拮抗效果观察

选择80例地方性氟病患者,按年龄、性别和病情程度随机分为甲乙两组。甲组为服硼组,乙组为对照组,采用双盲法给药。观察两组半年内前、中、后三期尿中氟、氟化硼、总羟脯胺酸、γ—谷氨酰转肽酶和临床症状体征的改变。结果显示硼对氟有较好的拮抗作用,两组间各项指标比较说明硼作为氟病的治疗与预防具有较好的发展前景。     

硒与氟及自由基代谢与氟病关系研究

氟是人体内一种必需微量元素,缺乏或过剩均可引起疾病。由于氟具有强大电负性,几乎可同所有阳离子发生作用,因此氟与其它无机离子及氟与疾病的关系复杂。80年代以来,国内外氟与有关微量元素的研究取得某些进展。80年代末期,氟与硒的关系开始受到关注,与此同时,由于自由基医学的发展,为氟病的研究提供了新思路。本文就近年来国内硒与地方性氟中毒流行病学调查状况、有关硒     

硼治疗,预防氟中毒研究进展

硼(Boron)即硼砂(Bosax),分子量为381.42,其中硼占11.3％。我国从古代起就将硼砂用于治疗喉肿痛。在中药方剂中称硼砂为月石、西月石或煅月石。据我国药典记载硼砂可治疗癫痫大发作。进入80年代以来国外学者kochman,BearGrunewalel,特别是阿尔及利亚医学研究所Elseir等学者对硼拮抗氟毒性作用进行了较多的实验研究,发现有明显拮抗氟毒性作用,并提出可以用硼来治疗和预防氟中毒的设想。我国学者在此基础上,首先应用硼对地氟病人进行了治疗和预防,并取得了很好的效果。     

硒及有关抗氧化物质拮抗氟的研究

自20世纪80年代中后期提出氟中毒存在抗氧化损伤后，作为具有抗氧化功能的微量元素硒与氟的关系开始受到人们的关注，与此同时以超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)为代表的抗氧酶类和抗氧化剂抗氟作用的研究开始出现，为了解硒及有关抗氧化物质拮抗氟的作用，将近10余年来硒及有关抗氧化酶类及抗氧化剂拮抗氟的研究工作综述如下。     

氟宁抗氟作用机制的初步研究

目的　探讨氟宁抗氟的作用机制。方法　采用随机分组，A组为氟宁组，B组为试验对照组，C组为空白对照组，观察各组动物血、尿、粪、器官组织的含氟量及血清酶活性变化。结果　A组骨、牙齿中含氟量显著低于B组（P<0.05），血和尿含氟量显著高于B组（P<0.05），碱性磷酸酶（AKP）及肌酸磷酸激酶（CPK）活性显著低于B组（P<0.05）。结论　氟宁可促进氟的排泄，减少氟在组织中的沉积，具有明显的抗氟作用     

氟的细胞毒性作用

氟是一种具有细胞毒性的物质,也是人体必需的微量元素之一,摄入量过多或过少均会导致机体器官的病变。近年来,有关氟对细胞毒性作用的研究很多,由于各种细胞对氟的敏感性不同,因而氟表现出多种多样的细胞毒性作用。1氟对骨细胞的毒性作用1.1氟对成骨细胞的影响:氟是一种已知可影响骨形成的非激素因子,对骨形成具有双相调节作用。长期小剂量摄氟     

自由基与氧化应激及其在地方性氟中毒发病中的作用

根据目前研究资料，证明无论地方性氟中毒还是氟中毒动物模型机体内自由基和脂质过氧化物升高、抗氧化能力降低，自由基代谢失衡；维生素E、微量元素硒、SOD等抗氧化物质均可拮抗氟的氧化应激作用。氧化应激并非氟中毒所特有，它受很多因素影响。因此，它并不是地方性氟中毒早期诊断的特异性生物学标志。氧化应激只是氟致机体多种损伤效应之一。     

正常恒牙和氟斑牙釉质表面元素成份的能谱分析

本文应用Ｘ射线能谱分析仪对正常牙和氟斑牙釉质表面进行了无机成分测定。结果发现，氟斑牙表面的微量元素Ｆｅ（铁）、Ｍｎ（锰）、Ｚｎ（锌）的含量比正常牙釉质高，而Ｃａ（钙）的含量稍低于正常牙釉质表面。作者认为，氟斑牙的抗龋能力可能与釉质表面微量元素的含量有关。     

硒与氟中毒

国内外有关硒与氟之间关系的研究始于20世纪80年代末,尤其是近年来,硒与地方性氟中毒的关系日益受到重视。有人指出,研究氟对与金属酶有关的微量元素及微量元素间的相互作用,有助于氟中毒发生机理的阐明。硒是机体内一种必需的微量元素,是重要抗氧化酶谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-P     

氟对大鼠脂质过氧化和抗氧化能力的影响

目的 探讨氟对大鼠血和各组织丙二醛（MDA）水平、超氧化物歧化物（SOD）活力及全血谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力的影响。方法 运用动物实验,采用饮水加氟的方法。结果 染氟可使大鼠血清、肝脏、肾脏、脑中MDA含量显著增加;全血和肝脏、肾、心脏、睾丸的SOD活性显著降低;全血GSH-Px活性降低。结果 氟可促进机体脂质过氧化,抑制抗氧化酶（SOD,GSH-Px）的活力。     

Inhibitory Mechanism of Intestinal Ethanol Absorption Induced by High Acetaldehyde Concentrations: Effect of Intestinal Blood Flow and Substance Specificity

This study describes the effects of high blood acetaldehyde concentrations on the intestinal absorption of ethanol and 2-butanone using an in situ single-pass perfusion technique on the rat intestine and the colored microsphere method to measure intestinal blood flow. We found that high blood acetaldehyde concentrations inhibit intestinal ethanol absorption in an inverse proportion to peak acetaldehyde concentrations, decrease intestinal blood flow, and inhibit intestinal absorption of 2-butanone. The decrease of the intestinal blood flow, induced by high blood acetaldehyde concentrations, is a major mechanism inhibiting intestinal ethanol absorption, but other mechanisms are also thought to inhibit absorption. Therefore, inhibition by high acetaldehyde concentrations is not the only factor affecting ethanol absorption.     

硒与GSH联合对氟致大鼠脂质过氧化作用的影响

目的　研究抗氧化剂硒及与不同剂量 GSH联合对氟所致脂质过氧化作用的影响。方法　采用动物实验。结果　饮含氟化钠 (15 0 mg/ L)水可使大鼠肝、肾及血清中 L PO含量显著增加 ;SOD活性、GSH- Px活性、GSH含量均显著下降 ;饮含氟水同时给亚硒酸钠 ,可使血清中 L PO含量显著下降 ;SOD活性、GSH- Px活性、GSH含量显著升高。说明硒对氟引起的脂质过氧化有拮抗作用。饮含氟水同时给 Se与不同剂量 GSH后 ,结果显示 :Se与低、中、高 3个剂量 GSH均可使血清中 L PO含量显著下降 ,全血中 SOD活性显著增强 ,呈剂量—效应关系 ,使肝、肾及全血中 GSH- Px活性不同程度增强 ,表明 Se与 GSH联合可有效拮抗氟所致的脂质过氧化作用 ,恢复机体抗氧化能力。结论　 1氟可引起大鼠肝、肾及全血中脂质过氧化物含量升高 ,抗氧化能力下降 ;2硒及与不同剂量 GSH联合具有不同程度拮抗氟诱导的脂质过氧化作用 ,恢复机体的抗氧化能力     

贵州省某铝厂氟污染危害调查研究

本文报告,1985年1月至1986年4月,以环境监测、生物学监测和流行病学调查同步进行的方法,对贵州省某铝厂氟污染危害做了调查研究。结果表明,污染源主要为该厂电解车间排放的氟烟和废水,使厂区附近的大气和地面水、土壤、主副食品和植物受到严重的氟污染。调查点艳山红乡农民氟斑牙率高达88.40％,处于调查区常年主导风向东侧的都拉营乡农民氟斑牙率为67.44％。对艳山红乡刘庄村123名农民和都拉营乡39名农民骨盆和前臂的X线摄片查检,氟骨症阳性率各为36.6％和23％,且中度和重度患者较多。检查污染区121人,有81人(占66％)其肘关节屈曲受限不正常。测定刘庄村84名农民的尿氟平均水平为22.59mg/L。测定25名氟污染区成年农民全血微量元素,其中铜、锰、镁的水平和贵阳市健康成年人相比均较高。测定了30名成年农民头发中的微量元素含量,用逐步回归多因素分析尿氟与人发中微量元素的关系,发现影响尿氟最主要的是发铅和发铝。氟污染区的本底氟调查结果,艳山红乡的大部分地区均属非高氟地质带,特别是危害严重的刘庄村一带的岩石和土壤的含氟量均不高,属非高氟带,说明严重氟危害的氟源主要来自铝厂。     

Changes in fluorine metabolism during the treatment with calcium-magnesium preparation in 60 cases of endemic fluorosis

Using the method of metabolic balance, we investigated the fluoride metabolism and its change during calcium-magnesium preparation treatment in 60 cases of endemic fluorosis. We found that in patients with fluorosis the intake of fluoride and the levels of urinary, fecal and serum fluoride were several times higher than those of normal controls (P less than 0.01), that the intestinal fluoride apparent absorption rate was 1.5 times higher than that of normal controls (P less than 0.01) and that at a given dietary level of fluoride, there existed a balance of fluoride metabolism. Fluoride intake was positively correlated with intestinal fluoride apparent absorption rate (r = 0.375, P less than 0.01). The combination of calcium and magnesium preparation with fluoride led to decrease of intestinal fluoride apparent rate (P less than 0.05) and increase of fecal fluoride output (P less than 0.05). It seems reasonable to treat fluorosis with calcium-magnesium preparation.     

Analysis of the role of endogenous prolactin on fluid and sodium chloride absorption by the rat jejunum.

Intestinal absorption of fluid and NaCl in rats is significantly decreased after hypophysectomy and increased in rats with pituitary implants. Oestrogen and reserpine significantly stimulate mucosal fluid and NaCl transfer in both normal and adrenalectomized rats, comparable to the effects of administration of prolactin. In intact rats, ergocryptine enhanced intestinal absorption of fluid and NaCl; however, it failed to exert any effects in adrenalectomized rats. Adrenalectomy alone had no adverse effects on intestinal absorption in saline-compensated rats. The administration of corticosterone alone or together with prolactin significantly enhanced intestinal absorption, although the effect of corticosterone alone was more variable. These data strongly suggest that increased endogenous prolactin levels produce stimulatory effects on intestinal absorption of fluid and NaCl by the rat jejunum.     

Increased Intestinal Marker Absorption Due to Regional Permeability Changes and Decreased Intestinal Transit during Sepsis in the Rat

Wang Q, Pantzar N. Jeppsson B, Weström BR, Karlsson BW. Increased intestinal marker absorption due to regional permeability changes and decreased intestinal transit during sepsis in the rat. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994;29:1001-1008.

Background: The intestinal barrier properties are impaired during inflammation and sepsis, but the mechanisms behind this are unknown and were therefore investigated during experimental sepsis in rats.

Methods: The different-sized intestinal absorption markers ⁵¹Cr-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ovalbumin were gavaged to rats made septic by intra-abdominal bacterial implantation and to sham-operated rats. Regional tissue permeability was measured in diffusion chambers, and intestinal transit was evaluated by intestinal accumulation of gavaged ⁵¹Cr-EDTA.

Results: In comparison with the sham-operated rats, septic rats had higher ⁵¹Cr-EDTA levels in blood and urine and showed a prolonged intestinal transit. Septic rats also had a lower tissue permeability to both markers in the small intestines but higher permeability to ovalbumin in the colon. Rats receiving morphine to decrease intestinal motility showed similar changes, with a decreased intestinal transit and increased marker absorption.

Conclusions: The results suggest that the increased intestinal absorption during sepsis was due to regional permeability changes and prolonged intestinal transit.     

Alterations in calcium,magnesium, iron,and zinc metabolism by dietary cholestyramine

Cholestyramine is an effective drug for the reduction of plasma cholesterol because of its ability to sequester intestinal bile acids. Since metabolic alterations, including diminished intestinal absorption of vitamin D and osteomalacia have been reported with long-term use of this resin, the influence of cholestyramine on dietary balance of four mineral elements has been investigated. Wistar-strain rats were fed either a 2% cholestyramine or control diet for one month. Dietary intakes and fecal and urinary excretions of calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry during three, 3-day balance periods. Cholestyramine-fed rats had a net negative balance for calcium and a lower net positive balance for magnesium, iron, and zinc than the controls. Other effects of cholestyramine were an increased urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium, a decreased urinary zinc, and an alkalinization of urine. Blood and tissue cation content was unchanged except for a rèduction in serum magnesium with resin feeding. Alterations in calcium, magnesium, and zinc metabolism might be explained by inadequate vitamin D absorption from the intestine followed by an increased secretion of parathyroid hormone. A diminished iron absorption due to resin binding could account for the reported disturbance in iron balance.Supported by USDA grants 82CRCR 1071 and 82CRCR 1001.     

氟铝联合对大鼠全血锌、铁、钙、镁、铜的影响

目的 探讨过量氟、铝及其联合作用对大鼠全血锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铜(Cu)的影响.方法 48只SD大鼠按体质量随机分为4组:对照组、高铝组、高氟组、高氟铝组,饮水含铝量分别为0,90、0.90 mg/L:饲料含氟量分别为5.2、5.2、106.0、106.0 mg/kg,含铝量分别为6.8、6.8 19.7、19.7 mg/kg;90 d后原子吸收光谱分析法测定全血Zn、Fe、Ca、Mg、Cu水平.结果 组间比较,全血含Zn、Fe、Mg、Cu量差异有统计学意义(F值分别为46.25、14.74、6.10、Z93,P<0.05),而全血含Ca量未见明显改变(F=2.81,P>0.05).析因分析显示.高铝摄入明显降低全血含Zn、Fe、Mg量(F值分别为42.66、5.41、7.04,P<0.05),高氟摄人明显降低全血含Zn、Fe、Mg、Cu量(F值分别为64.50、37.90、9.75、6.74,P<0.05),氟铝联合对全血含Zn量有交互作用(F:31.59,P<0.05),Fe、Ca、Mg、Cu均未见明显交互作用(F值分别为0.91、1.63、1.51、0.00,P>0.05).与对照组全血含Zn、Fe、Mg、Cu量[(131.30±13.86)μmol/L,(10.24±1.02)、(1.71±0.19)mmol/L,(20.43±4.42)μmol/L]比较,高铝组全血含Zn量[(90.84±9.98)μmol/L]明显降低(P<0.05),高氟组全血含Zn、Fe、Mg量[(85.85±10.92)μmol/L,(8.49±0.68)、(1.52±0.13)mmol/L]也明显降低(P<0.05),高氟铝组全血含Zn、Fe、Mg、Cu量[(82.82±11.00)μmol/L,(8.16±0.45)、(1.46±0.09)mmol/L,(15.69±2.38)μmol/L]均明显降低(P<0.05);与高铝组[(9.43±1.09)mmool/L]比较,高氟铝组全血含Fe量[(8.16±0.45)mmol/L]明显降低(P<0.05).结论 过量氟能引起全血含Zn Fe、Mg、Cu量下降,过量铝能引起全血含Zn、Fe、Mg量降低;氟铝联合对大鼠全血含Ca量无影响,仅对全血含Zn量有明显交互作用.     

The effect of alcohol on the human alimentary tract: a review

Ethanol has important effects on the alimentary tract. Nearly every study in the literature documents some aberration of absorption or metabolism of multiple vital nutrients. Malnutrition related to both poor dietary intake and malabsorption plays an important role in the clinical problems of chronic alcoholics. From a clinical viewpoint, the assessment of nutritional status by standard techniques, including serum assays for vitamins and trace elements may add to the ability to treat the alcoholic for potentially detrimental disorders. Malabsorption of ingested nutrients is common, despite the lack of salient physical findings. Therefore, parenteral administration of nutrients may be advisable, pending the reversal of the exocrine and intestinal mucosal defect. Increasing awareness of such deficiencies may lead to their earlier recognition, appropriate therapy, and prevention of further complications.