药物洗脱支架和普通支架导致直径小于 2.5 mm分支血管闭塞的对比研究

目的观察冠状动脉药物洗脱支架置入对直径小于2.5mm分支血管的影响.方法记录冠心病危险因子和冠状动脉病变特征,对比分析药物洗脱支架和普通支架置入对直径小于2.5 mm分支血管的影响,并观察患者手术前后血清C反应蛋白和肌钙蛋白T变化结果648例患者783处病变共置入支架917枚,累及直径小于2.5 mm分支血管1 256支,其中药物支架组584支,普通支架组672支.与普通支架组比较,药物支架组置入支架较长,但两组支架置入后分支闭塞发生率相似.进一步分析支架置入血管狭窄≥90%、分支血管开口处≥50%狭窄的826支分支血管,发现药物支架组(369支)较普通支架组(457支)支架置入后分支闭塞发生率较高(48支和45支),但无显著性差异.结论药物洗脱支架较普通支架置入易导致直径小于2.5 mm分支血管闭塞,但未达统计学差异.     

药物洗脱支架和普通金属支架对分支血管影响的对比研究

目的观察冠状动脉雷帕霉素洗脱支架置入对直径小于2.5mm分支血管的影响。方法选取2002年5月至2004年5月在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院行CypherTM药物洗脱支架和BXVelocityTM普通金属支架置入术的648例患者为研究对象,记录患者冠心病危险因子和冠状动脉病变特征,对比分析两种支架置入对直径小于2.5mm分支血管的影响,并观察患者手术前后血清C反应蛋白和肌钙蛋白变化。结果与普通金属支架组比较,药物洗脱支架组置入支架较长,但两组支架置入后分支闭塞发生率相似。进一步分析支架置入血管狭窄≥90%、分支血管开口处≥50%狭窄538支闭塞高危分支血管,发现药物洗脱支架组(n=259)较普通金属支架组(n=279)支架置入后分支闭塞发生率高(18.5%对16.12%),但差异无显著性意义。结论冠状动脉病变药物洗脱支架置入导致直径小于2.5mm分支血管闭塞发生率与普通金属支架置入相似。     

雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架治疗冠状动脉小血管病变的临床即刻效果

目的评价国产雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架(Firebird支架)治疗冠状动脉小血管病变(直径≤2.5mm)的临床即刻效果。方法采用前瞻性、非随机对比研究方法,根据入选和剔除标准,连续入选2004年6月~2007年2月我院行冠状动脉造影(CAG)确诊,首次接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的靶血管为小血管病变且达到完全血运重建的160例患者,根据所置入的支架分为Firebird组(82例)和Cypher组(78例);支架置入后以相同的方法进行CAG,观察对比反映临床即刻效果的相关参数。结果术中全部Cypher及Firebird支架均顺利到达并释放于靶病变部位。两组支架的PCI手术成功率均为100%。Firebird组病变部位狭窄程度由术前的(78.7±15.6)%减至(7.20±10.69)%,P=0.0005;而Cypher组病变部位狭窄程度由术前的(79.8±15.8)%减至(7.10±10.61)%,P=0.0004。在急性管腔直径获得方面,Firebird组(1.76±0.52)mm与Cypher组(1.77±0.53)mm之间无显著差异(P=0.46)。结论Cypher和Firebird支架治疗冠状动脉小血管病变安全可行,临床即刻效果好。     

冠状动脉支架置入对分支血管的影响

目的 比较观察不同药物洗脱支架及普通支架置入术后分支血管的自然发展情况,探讨分支血管闭塞及再通的影响因素。方法回顾性分析在解放军总医院心内科接受支架置入术并进行造影随访的183例患的病例资料及术前、术中、术后的造影光盘资料,分析支架覆盖的所有分支血管。结果支架术后分支血管的闭塞率是8．9％,其中Cypher药物支架组为10．5％,Taxus药物支架组为11．1％,普通支架为7．8％,72．0％的闭塞分支在随访时再通,其中Cypher组是90．9％,Taxus组为66．7％,普通支架组为66．7％;三组间差异无统计学意义;分支开口狭窄和起始部位有病变是分支血管闭塞的独立危险因素;支架内再狭窄、病变类型及分支情况等都不会影响闭塞分支的再通。结论不同类型的药物支架和普通支架在对分支血管的影响方面基本一致;分支开口狭窄和分支起始部位病变是分支血管闭塞的独立危险因素;闭塞的分支血管自然预后良好,大部分会自行再通。     

冠心病分叉病变不同处理方法疗效研究

目的 探讨应用药物支架治疗冠心病分叉病变时对开口狭窄的分支血管不同处理方法的疗效.方法 入选66例主支血管药物支架置入术后引起直径≥2.0mm且＜2.5mm分支血管开口狭窄大于50%的、于术后6～12个月间接受冠状动脉造影随访的患者,根据分支血管采取的不同治疗方法分成2组,即主支置入支架、分支血管单纯球囊扩张组(球囊扩张组)和主支置入支架、分支未处理组(未处理组).观察分支血管开口狭窄程度变化及主要不良心血管事件发生情况.结果 于术后6～12个月接受冠状动脉造影复查随访时,虽然分支开口狭窄程度在球囊扩张组优于未处理组,但两组间主支血管再狭窄率和主要不良心血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对支架置入后开口狭窄的分支血管采取单纯球囊扩张治疗并没有改善远期临床预后.     

紫杉醇药物洗脱支架在复杂病变中的临床近、远期疗效评价

目的:评价紫杉醇药物洗脱支架(TAXUS)应用的临床疗效.方法:对2003年4月～12月间241例置入308个TAXUS支架的临床疗效进行统计学分析.在241例282处病变中弥漫性病变86处(30.5%),分叉病变56处(19.9%),慢性完全闭塞病变4l处(14.5%),支架内再狭窄33处(11.7%),开口部病变24处(8.5%),左冠状动脉主干病变7处(2.5%)以及小血管病变或其它病变35处(12.4%).结果:支架置入成功率为99.0%,术中无死亡,无急性血栓形成和急性血管闭塞发生,支架置入后分支血管发生闭塞12例(21.4%),住院期间死亡1例(死于出血性休克),发生急性心肌梗死2例(均由分支闭塞所致),住院期间心脏事件发生率为1.2%,199例患者随访超过6个月,1例院外猝死,2例发生急性心肌梗死,7例靶血管重建,心脏事件发生率为4.5%,靶病变重建率为3.0%.结论:与TAXUS I～IV研究相比,本研究放宽病变的适应证后其再狭窄发生率仅轻度升高,提示对于复杂病变应用TAXUS仍是安全和有效的.     

药物洗脱支架治疗冠状动脉小血管病变的疗效分析

目的通过分析比较裸金属支架(BMS)与药物洗脱支架[DES,包括雷帕霉素(Cypher)支架和紫杉醇(TAXUS)支架]治疗冠状动脉小血管病变疗效的差异,为DES治疗多支及单支小血管病变冠心病提供依据。方法连续入选2002年12月至2005年5月沈阳军区总医院首次接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)、靶血管为小血管病变且达到完全血运重建的486例患者,其中多支小血管病变(多支)150例。分为BMS组214例(多支63例)、Cypher组140例(多支46例)和TAXUS组132例(多支41例),对比分析各组患者住院期间及随访6个月的临床情况。结果3组患者冠脉病变特点、PCI成功率及住院期间主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生率等指标差异均无显著性(P>0·05)。冠脉造影随访显示,两个DES组再狭窄率均明显低于BMS(Cypher组4·9%,TAXUS组7·5%对BMS组29·2%,P<0·05),随访期间MACE发生率亦明显低于BMS(Cypher组2·9%,TAXUS组3·9%对BMS组12·0%,P<0·01)。进一步分析多支小血管病例,发现两个DES组的再狭窄率及随访期间MACE发生率仍然明显低于BMS组(再狭窄率Cypher组6·7%,TAXUS组7·1%对BMS组37·5%,P<0·05;MACE发生率Cypher组4·1%,TAXUS组4·8%对BMS组21·0%,P<0·05)。结论Cypher和TAXUS支架治疗小血管病变安全可行,疗效显著,治疗多支小血管病变可得到相同的疗效。     

西罗莫司和紫杉醇洗脱支架治疗支架内再狭窄的临床近期及10个月疗效

目的比较西罗莫司洗脱支架（Cypher或Cypher select）和紫杉醇洗脱支架（TAXUS）治疗支架内再狭窄的临床近期及10个月疗效。方法自2002年12月至2005年3月,对253例支架内再狭窄的患者采用了药物洗脱支架（DES）治疗并完成了10个月的临床随访和冠状动脉造影复查。253例中男性218例,女性35例,年龄30～80岁,平均年龄57．2岁。结果253例（262处病变）中152例使用Cypher支架176个,101例使用TAXUS支架132个。使用的Cypher和TAXUS支架的平均直径分别为（2．96±0．27）mm和（3．05±0,35）mm,P=0．04,平均长度分别为（23.31±6．68）mm和（23．56±6．54）mm,P=0．745。支架内再狭窄表现为100％闭塞29处,≥90％狭窄143处,〈90％狭窄90处。病变类型为A、B1、B2和C型各为9处、45处、73处和135处。PCI的成功率两组均为100％,住院期间无死亡,Cypher组主要心脏不良事件（MACE）发生率为2．63％,TAXUS组为2．97％,P=0．872。10个月临床造影显示在Cypher支架和TAXUS支架组中造影再狭窄率分别为14．0％和29．4％,P=0．075,MACE发生率分别为6．7％和16．0％,P=0．031。结论应用Cypher和TAXUS支架治疗支架内再狭窄有良好的近期临床疗效,10个月疗效Cypher支架优于TAXUS支架。     

分叉病变不同处理方法的疗效观察

目的观察比较应用药物支架治疗分叉病变时对开口狭窄的分支血管的不同处理方法(即支架治疗、单纯球囊扩张和不处理分支)的疗效。方法入选93例主支血管药物支架置入术后引起直径≥2.0mm分支血管开口狭窄大于50%的、于术后6~12个月间接受冠状动脉造影随访的患者,根据分支血管采取的不同治疗方法分成3组,即主支和分支血管均置入支架组(简称支架组)、主支置入支架、分支血管单纯球囊扩张组(简称球囊扩张组)和主支置入支架、分支未处理组(简称未处理组)。观察分支血管开口狭窄程度变化及主要不良心血管事件发生情况。结果于术后6~12个月接受冠状动脉造影复查随访时,虽然分支开口狭窄程度在支架组和球囊扩张组仍优于未处理组(三组分别为40.21%,40.76%和80.23%;P<0.001),但三组间主支血管再狭窄率和主要不良心血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(三组主支血管再狭窄率分别为33.33%,25.00%和12.50%;P=0.085;主要不良心血管事件发生率分别为38.10%,29.17%和25.00%;P=0.523)。结论对支架置入后开口狭窄的分支血管采取积极的处理方法(如支架置入、单纯球囊扩张)同未处理组相比,并没有改善远期临床预后。     

不同雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架在老年冠心病患者中的应用与研究

目的探讨雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架在老年冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中应用的安全性和有效性。方法入选320例冠心病患者,分为国产雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架组(Firebird组)160例,进口雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架组(Cypher组)160例。比较两组置入支架后6个月随访时的临床不良事件和再狭窄率。结果Firebird组共置入支架197枚,Cypher组共置入支架204枚。临床6个月随访示Firebird组临床不良事件3例,Cypher组4例,差异无显著性意义。6个月期随访造影显示Firebird组(66例)和Cypher组(77例)支架内再狭窄各出现1例。结论雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架Firebird和Cypher类似,而且Firebird有更高的效价比。     

Intravascular ultrasound predictors of side branch occlusion in bifurcation lesions after percutaneous coronary intervention.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of bifurcation lesion has been associated with a low success rate and a high incidence of procedural complications, including side branch occlusion and myocardial infarction. It remains controversial whether preintervention intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) findings can help to identify side branches likely to occlude after PCI of bifurcation lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS: From our IVUS database we identified 81 bifurcation lesions in 72 patients. Side branches were classified into 2 groups: group 1 had ostial side branch stenosis due to atherosclerotic plaque only in the main vessel (n=61), and group 2 had plaque truly involved in the side branch ostium (n=20). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the extent of ostial stenosis as assessed by angiography. After PCI, 7 side branches occluded in group 2, compared with 5 side branches occluded in group 1 (35% vs 8%, p=0.003). CONCLUSION: Ostial plaque distribution as assessed by IVUS may be one of the consistent predictors of side branch occlusion after PCI.     

冠心病真实世界中药物洗脱支架置入术后血栓形成的发生率

目的探讨真实世界（real-world）中药物洗脱支架（drug-elutingstents,DES）置入后血栓的发生率。方法研究为单中心DES注册,在入选标准上无特殊限制。自2001年12月至2007年4月共计8190例冠心病患者接受了DES的治疗,其中使用雷帕霉素DES（Cypher支架,美国Cordis公司）2986例,使用紫杉醇DES（TAXUS支架,美国波士顿科技公司）1587例,使用国产雷帕霉素DES（Firebird,中国微创医疗器械有限公司）3617例。5412例完成了1年的临床随访,其中CypherDES2210例,TAXUSDES1238例和FirebirdDES1964例。完成2年临床随访的2176例包括CypherDES1245例,TAXUSDES558例和FirebirdDES373例。所有患者PCI术后联合应用阿司匹林与氯吡格雷至少9个月。结果在8190例患者中,17例发生急性血栓（0．21％）,7例发生在CypherDES组,4例发生在TAXUSDES组,6例在FirebirdDES组;23例发生亚急性血栓（0．28％）,包括8例在CypherDES组,6例发生在TAXUSDES组和9例在FirebirdDES组。急性和亚急性血栓的发生率为0．49％,其中CypherDES组为0．50％,TAXUSDES组为0．63％和FirebirdDES组为0．41％。三组之间在急性和亚急性血栓发生率方面差异无统计学意义。1年随访结果显示晚期血栓发生率为0．61％,包括CypherDES组为0．63％,TAXUSDES组为0．88％和FirebirdDES组为0．46％,三组之间比较在晚期血栓发生率方面差异无统计学意义。2年随访结果显示,晚期血栓发生率为0．74％,其中CypherDES组为0．72％,TAXUSDES组为0．90％,FirebirdDES组为0．54％,三组之间差异无统计学意义。结论研究结果提示在加强抗血小板治疗情况下,应用第一代DES治疗复杂性冠状动脉病变是安全和有效的,与早期选择性的病变研究相比,晚期血栓发生率无明显增加的趋势。     

应用双药物洗脱支架治疗分叉病变的近期临床疗效

目的探讨应用双药物洗脱支架（DES）治疗分叉病变的临床近期疗效。方法自2003年10月至2005年2月入选应用双DES治疗分叉病变患者71例,72处病变。分叉病变的类型为前降支／对角支45例（62．5％）,左冠状动脉主干分叉病变20例（27．8％）,回旋支／钝缘支6例,右冠状动脉远端分又病变1例。72处分叉病变中采用Crush技术42处,包括标准Crush技术16处和改良Crush26处;“T”型支架置入19处;改良“Y”型支架置入5处;“V”型支架置入3处和Culotte技术3处。结果入选71例患者中男性59例（83．1％）,女性12例,平均年龄57岁。72处分叉病变中（144处病变）使用Cypher或Cypher Select DES 59个,TAXUS DES48个,Firebird DES 25个和金属裸支架24个。72处分叉病变置入双支架后60处（83．3％）完成了对吻球囊扩张技术。手术成功率为100％。住院期间1例发生亚急性血栓致急性心肌梗死（AMI）,再次经皮冠状动脉介入治疗成功。住院期间主要心脏不良事件（MACE,包括死亡、AMI、再次血管重建）发生率为1．4％（1／71）。71例中16例完成了6个月的临床随访,无死亡和AMI发生,1例6个月时冠状动脉造影显示对角支口部完全闭塞,随访期间MACE发生率为6．3％（1／16）。结论本研究结果显示对于分支口径〉2．5mm且口部有严重狭窄性病变的分叉病变,采用双DES治疗是安全的,近期临床疗效十分满意,远期临床疗效初步显示也是满意的,但仍有待进一步证实。     

Predictors and Periprocedural Myocardial Injury Rate of Small Side Branches Occlusion in Coronary Bifurcation Intervention

Occlusion of small side branch (SB) may result in significant adverse clinical events. We aim to characterize the predictors of small SB occlusion and incidence of periprocedural myocardial injury (PMI) in coronary bifurcation intervention.Nine hundred twenty-five consecutive patients with 949 bifurcation lesions (SB ≤ 2.0 mm) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were studied. All clinical characteristics, coronary angiography findings, PCI procedural factors, and quantitative coronary angiographic analysis data were collected. SB occlusion after main vessel (MV) stenting was defined as no blood flow or any thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade decrease in SB after MV stenting. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of small SB occlusion. Creatine kinase-myocardial band activity was determined by using an immunoinhibition assay and confirmed by mass spectrometry. Incidence of PMI between no SB occlusion group and SB occlusion group was compared.SB occlusion occurred in 86 (9.1%) of 949 bifurcation lesions. Of SB occlusion, total occlusion occurred in 64 (74.4%) lesions and a decrease in TIMI flow occurred in 22 (25.6%) lesions. True bifurcation lesion, irregular plaque, predilation in SB, preprocedural SB TIMI flow grade, preprocedural diameter stenosis of distal MV, preprocedural diameter stenosis of bifurcation core, bifurcation angle, diameter ratio between MV and SB, diameter stenosis of SB before MV stenting, and MV lesion length were independent risk factors of SB occlusion. We observed a significantly higher incidence of PMI in each cutoff level in patients with SB occlusion compared with those without SB occlusion.True bifurcation lesion, irregular plaque, and 8 other predictors were independent predictors of SB occlusion. Patients with small SB occlusion had significant higher incidence of PMI.     

Drug eluting stenting in bifurcation coronary lesions long-term results applying a systematic treatment strategy

Objectives : To explore the long‐term results following implantation of drug‐eluting stents (DES) in bifurcation lesions according to contemporary “real world” practice. Background : Limited information is available on the long‐term outcomes of patients with bifurcation lesions who are treated using DES. A systematic approach for bifurcation lesion management was applied, using either a “provisional” single stent technique or a dedicated two stents strategy according to the side‐branch diameter and severity of its ostial stenosis. Methods : Four hundred one consecutive patients underwent bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using DES and were included in our prospective registry. All adverse events were recorded up to 2 years and distinguished according to the planned PCI strategy (e.g., one versus two stents technique). Results : A planned two stents strategy was used in 141 patients (35% of patients). In 260 patients (65%), the planned treatment involved stenting of the main branch only with “provisional” stenting of the side‐branch according to procedural course. Thus, 24 patients (9.2%) needed additional stenting at the side‐branch to complete the PCI. Cumulative major adverse cardiac event rate at 1 and 2 years was similar for both groups (11.4% vs. 14.8% at 1 year and 19.4% vs. 25.7% at 2 years for the single vs. two stents groups, accordingly, P = NS for both). Likewise, there was no difference in mortality, cardiac mortality, myocardial infarction, need for target lesions or target vessel revascularization, or definite stent thrombosis rate between the two groups at 6, 12, and 2 years follow‐up. The rate of angiographically confirmed (i.e., definite) stent thrombosis did not differ between the two groups during follow‐up. Conclusions : Our study revealed favorable long‐term clinical results following DES implantation using a systematic, rather simplified approach towards bifurcation stenting and using either a single or double stenting technique. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

应用双药物洗脱支架治疗分叉病变的近远期临床疗效

目的探讨应用双药物洗脱支架（DES）治疗分叉病变的临床疗效。方法选择分支开口有严重狭窄且分支口径≥2．50mm的分叉病变患者为本研究的入选对象。2003年10月至2005年6月共入选应用双DES治疗分叉病变的患者112例,113处病变。分叉病变的类型为前降支／对角支62例（54．9％）,左冠状动脉主干分叉病变32例（28．3％）,回旋支／钝缘支18例（15．9％）,右冠状动脉远端分叉病变1例。113处分叉病变中采用Crush技术64处,“T”型支架置入27处;改良“Y”型支架置入11处;对吻支架置入5处;“V”型支架置入和Culotte技术置入各3处。结果入选112例患者113处分叉病变中（226处病变）使用Cypher或Cypher select DES 91个,TAXUS DES 74个,Firebird DES 67个。64处分叉病变采用Crush技术置入双支架后60处（93．7％）完成了最后的对吻球囊扩张技术。手术成功率为100％。住院期间1例发生亚急性血栓致急性心肌梗死（AMI）,再次介入治疗成功。住院期间心脏事件发生率（MACE,包括死亡、AMI、再次血管重建）为0．89％（1／112）。112例均完成了9个月的临床随访,无死亡发生,1例发生AMI由晚期血栓形成所致。48例完成了9个月的冠状动脉造影随访（42．9％）,8例发生了支架内再狭窄,其中1例进行了冠状动脉旁路移植术,5例再次行介入治疗,总再狭窄发生率为16．7％（8／48）。随访期间MACE发生率为8．04％（9／112）。结论本研究结果显示对于分支口径≥2．5mm且口部有严重狭窄性病变的分叉病变,采用双DES治疗是安全的,近、远期临床疗效是满意的。与Cypher DES相比较,TAXUS DES的再狭窄发生率有增加的趋势。     

Present status of coronary bifurcation stenting

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for bifurcation lesions is technically limited by the risk of side branch occlusion. In comparison with nonbifurcation interventions, bifurcation interventions have a lower rate of procedural success, higher procedural costs and a higher rate of clinical and angiographic restenosis. The recent introduction of drug-eluting stents (DES) has resulted in reduced incidence of main vessel restenosis compared with historical controls. However, side-branch ostial residual stenosis and long-term restenosis still remain problematic. In the era of DES, techniques employing two stents have emerged that allow stenting of the large side branch in addition to the main artery. Stenting of the main vessel with provisional side branch stenting seems to be the prevailing approach. This paper reviews outcome data with different treatment modalities for this complex lesion with particular emphasis on the use of DES as well as potential new therapeutic approaches.