福辛普利对X综合征患者冠脉血流储备的影响

目的应用彩色多普勒超声仪检测冠状动脉血流储备(coronary flow reserve,CFR),观察福辛普利对X综合征患者CFR的影响. 方法选取26例X综合征患者,比较福辛普利(5mg或10mg)治疗前后患者血压、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、内皮素(ET-1)、静息状态时患者冠状动脉的基础血流速度(bFV)、潘生丁注射后的最大血流速度(mFV)及冠状动脉血流储备(CFR)的变化. 结果福辛普利治疗6个月后,X综合征患者的SBP、DBP、TC、LDL-C、TG水平轻度下降(P＞0.05),ET-1水平显著下降,从(103.5±9.7)pg/ml到(77.5±12.0)Pg/ml(P＜0.05);患者的bFV改变不明显(P＞0.05),而mFV从治疗前的(57.2±8.4)cm/s上升到(72.1±7.6)cm/s(P＜0.05),CFR从治疗前的2.52±0.56上升到3.32±0.44(P＜0.01). 结论应用福辛普利治疗X综合征患者可有效改善患者的内皮功能和CFR.     

高血压患者冠脉血流储备的变化及福辛普利治疗的影响

目的:观察高血压病患者冠状动脉血流储备(coronary flow reserve,CFR)的变化及福辛普利治疗对高血压病患者CFR的影响。方法:选择28例高血压病患者(高血压病组)及28例健康人(对照组),检测福辛普利治疗前的血压,空腹及餐后2小时的血糖(FBG及P2hBG)、血脂、血清内皮素(ET—1)水平以及CFR的状况,并与对照组进行比较,并将治疗前、后的各项指标进行比较。结果:高血压病患者福辛普利治疗前、后血糖与血脂水平与对照组比较没有显著性差异(P>0.05);高血压病患者的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及ET-1水平均较对照组高(P<0.05),福辛普利治疗6月后患者的SBP、DBP、ET-1水平较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05);高血压病患者CFR低于对照组(P<0.05),福辛普利治疗6月后CFR较治疗前明显上升(P<0.05)。结论:福辛普利治疗能有效降低高血压病患者的血压,改善患者的内皮功能从而改善患者的CFR。     

老年糖尿病患者冠状动脉血流储备的变化

目的　应用彩色多普勒超声仪检测冠状动脉血流储备 (CFR) ,观察老年糖尿病患者 CFR的变化。方法　 2 5例老年糖尿病患者为患者组 ,2 5例健康志愿者为对照组 ,比较两组的空腹血糖 (FBG)、餐后 2 h血糖 (P2 h BG)、糖化血红蛋白 (Hb A1 C)、总胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL- C)及甘油三酯 (TG)、内皮素 - 1 (ET- 1 )、静息状态时患者冠状动脉的基础血流速度 (b FV)、潘生丁注射后的最大血流速度 (m FV)及 CFR。结果　糖尿病组的 FBG、P2 h BG、Hb A1 C、TG及 ET- 1水平显著高于对照组〔分别为 :9.1 2± 3.2 6 mmol/ L与 5.34± 0 .76 mmol/ L ;1 5.78± 4.98mmol/L 与 6.89± 2 .38mmol/ L;(6.3h8.5) %与 (5.2± 7.9) % ;2 .96± 0 .56与 1 .69± 0 .82 mmol/ L及 1 53.91± 1 3.50 pg/ ml与 76.2 3± 1 0 .78pg/ ml,P均<0 .0 1〕,两组的 TC及 LDL- C水平无显著差异 ,静息时的基础冠脉血流速度 (b FV)较对照组轻度上升 (P>0 .0 5) ,而潘生丁注射后 m FV及 CFR(CFR=m FV/ b FV)较对照组明显下降 (分别为 58.1± 7.9cm/ s与 73.5± 9.8cm/ s及 2 .31± 0 .49与 3.58± 0 .46,P均 <0 .0 1 )。结论　老年糖尿病患者冠状动脉血流储备明显下降。     

应用血管内多普勒超声评价主动脉瓣返流对冠状动脉血流的影响

目的应用血管内多普勒超声评价主动脉瓣返流对冠状动脉血流的影响。方法选取慢性重度的主动脉瓣返流患者12例,先行冠状动脉造影检查,排除冠心病,再行冠状动脉内多普勒检查,测定前降支中远端的平均峰值流速(APV),舒张收缩流速比值(DSVR),冠状动脉血流储备(CFR)等,并测定左心室舒张末压力(LVEDP),用12例正常数据作对照。结果与正常对照相比,主动脉瓣返流患者 APV 升高[(45.8±19.5)cm/s vs.(23.5±15.4)cm/s,P<0.05];DSVR 降低[(1.4±0.8)vs.(2.6±1.7),P<0.05];CFR 降低[(1.5±1.9)cm/s vs.(3.8±2.1)cm/s,P<0.05];LVEDP 升高[(20.6±10.5)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)vs.(8.2±5.6)mm Hg,P<0.05];前降支中段内径无变化[(3.8±1.5)mm us.(3.5±1_4)mm,P>0.05]。结论慢性重度主动脉瓣返流对冠状动脉血流有显著影响,表现为基础状态时 APV 升高,而 DSVR 和 CFR 降低,并使左心室舒张功能减低。CFR减低可能是冠状动脉造影正常的主动脉瓣返流患者心绞痛的主要机制。     

贝那普利与地尔硫卓治疗心脏X综合征患者疗效的比较

目的: 观察贝那普利与地尔硫卓对心脏X综合征患者的疗效。 方法: 心脏X综合征患者45例接受贝那普利 (22例, 贝那普利组) 或地尔硫卓(23例,地尔硫卓组)治疗,治疗3个月后随访临床情况并复查平板运动试验、冠状动脉血流储备（CFR）及血浆一氧化氮（NO）、血浆内皮素-1（ET-1）的含量。结果: 用药3个月后贝那普利组和地尔硫卓组胸痛例数及最大ST段压低幅度明显减少(分别为P<0.01,P<0.05),ET-1水平明显下降(均P<0.01),血浆CFR及NO的水平明显升高(P<0.01或P<0.05),运动总时间、ST段压低1 mm时间明显延长(P<0.01或P<0.05)。与地尔硫卓组相比贝那普利组胸痛例数及最大ST段压低幅度减少更显著(均P<0.05),ET-1水平下降更显著（P<0.01）,CFR及NO的水平升高更显著(均P<0.05),运动总时间、ST段压低1 mm时间延长更显著（分别为P<0.01,P<0.05）。结论: 贝那普利与地尔硫卓均能改善心脏X综合征患者的内皮细胞功能提高患者的运动耐量及CFR,且与地尔硫卓相比贝那普利更为有效。     

多巴酚丁胺对心肌桥-壁冠状动脉血流动力学的作用

目的探讨运动对心肌桥患者血流动力学的影响。方法观察8例心肌桥患者在静脉滴注多巴酚丁胺前后壁冠状动脉受压程度的变化,并运用腔内多普勒技术观察壁冠状动脉的基础峰值血流速率(bAPV)、最大峰值血流速率(hAPV)、冠状动脉血流储备(CFR)的变化。结果多巴酚丁胺使壁冠状动脉受压程度由用药前的平均(51.7±21.4)%增加至(90.0±12.7)%,P<0.01;壁冠状动脉近段和远段的 hAPV 分别由(19.83±5.84)cm/s 和(20.75±4.91)cm/s 增加至(31.52±10.93)cm/s 和(30.46±9.01)cm/s;壁冠状动脉近段和远段的 CFR 分别由(2.91±0.62和2.46±0.82,P<0.05)下降至(2.17±0.66和1.83±0.51,P 均<0.01)。结论运动可能使壁冠状动脉受压程度增加,CFR 显著下降。     

阿托伐他汀强化治疗对冠状动脉血流缓慢综合征患者的影响

目的观察阿托伐他汀强化治疗对冠状动脉血流缓慢(SCF)综合征患者的影响。方法选择28例经冠状动脉造影确诊为SCF综合征的患者为SCF组,口服阿托伐他汀40 mg/d,25例冠状动脉血流正常(NCF)患者作为NCF组。治疗前后,分别检测2组TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)、血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)、E选择素;采用超声检测肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD)和硝酸甘油治疗的非内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(NMD),以冠状动脉血流计帧值法(Timi-FC)评价造影时冠状动脉血流速度。结果与治疗前比较,治疗4周后SCF组Timi-FC、TC、LDL-C、hs-CRP、ICAM-1、VCAM-1及E选择素显著降低(P<0.05),FMD及NMD显著升高(P<0.01);与NCF组比较,hs-CRP、ICAM-1、VCAM-1、E选择素、FMD及NMD无显著差异;与治疗前比较,NCF组随访4周后TC、LDL-C显著降低(P<0.05);Timi-FC与hs-CPC、ICAM-1、VCAM-1和E选择素呈正相关(P<0.01),与FMD、NMD呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论 SCF与血管内皮功能及炎性反应密切相关,他汀类药物强化治疗可降低炎性反应,改善血管内皮功能,提高冠状动脉血流速度。     

血清胆红素与血脂及冠状动脉病变程度相关性研究

目的:探讨冠心病患者血清胆红素与血脂及冠状动脉病变程度的相关性。方法:将346例冠状动脉造影患者分为冠心病组(287例)对照组(59例)。分别测定血清胆红素、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDlL-C)浓度。根据美国心脏病学会(AHA)评分标准,结合冠状动脉造影结果进行冠状动脉狭窄程度评分。观察2组病例总胆红素(TBIL)与血脂及冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性。结果:外周血TBIL浓度冠心病组(7.6±3.2)μmol/L比对照组(12.1±3.2)μmol/L低,差异有显著性(P<0.05);TC、LDL-C浓度冠心病组(5.79±1.53)mmol/L、(5.34±1.48)mmol/L较对照组(3.82±1.15)mmol/L、(2.27±0.69)mmol/L高差异有显著性(P<0.05);HDL-C浓度冠心病组(1.11±0.57)mmol/L较对照组(1.46±0.23)mmol/L低差异有显著性(P<0.05);冠心病组TBIL与LDL-C、TC呈负相关,与HDL-C呈正相关;冠状动脉狭窄指数与TBIL、LDL-C、HDL-C有相关关系;多因素回归分析显示LDL-C及TBIL与冠状动脉狭窄指数明显相关。结论:冠心病患者TBIL水平降低;冠心病患者TBIL与TC及LDL-C有显著负相关,与HDL-C呈显著正相关;冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度与TBIL及HDL-C呈负相关。     

应用经胸冠状动脉血流显像技术评价支架术前后冠脉血流储备

目的采用经胸多普勒超声心动图冠状动脉血流显像技术观察支架术前后冠状动脉血流速度的变化,评价其对冠状动脉血流储备（CFR）的影响。方法22例冠心病患者(男18例,女4例),平均年龄（53.2±6.7）岁。对狭窄的冠状动脉行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（PTCA）后各置入一枚支架。分别于木前、术后72h内采用经胸多普勒冠状动脉血流显像技术记录狭窄远端静息舒张期血流峰速(r-Vd)、注射潘生丁及等长握力实验时最大舒张期血流峰速(d-Vd)及CFR。结果22例患者行支架术均获成功,狭窄率由术前(83.5±8.9)%,降至术后(5.2±9)%(P<0.05)。20支冠脉获得理想多普勒频谱（检出率90.9％）;支架术后r-Vd较术前r-Vd有增加趋势,但无统计学意义;术后静脉注射潘生丁后最大d-Vd及CFR均较术前明显增加［（0.92±0.22)m/svs(0.52±0.18)m/s,2.94±1.16vs1.88±0.40,P均<0.01］。30％患者术后CFR仍<2.0,此组与CFR≥2.0患者组比较,支架术后r-Vd明显增高［(0.45±0.19)m/svs(0.27±0.12)m/s,P<0.05］。少数患者(约18%,4／22)术前出现心绞痛,头昏等不适,静注氨茶碱或(和)含化硝酸甘油可迅速缓解。结论支架术能明显增加冠状动脉血流储备。采用经胸多普勒冠脉血流显像技术结合潘生丁、握力试验是一可行的无创性评价冠心病患者冠脉血流储备及介入治疗疗效的新方法。     

普罗布考联合阿托伐他汀对高密度脂蛋白亚型和甘油三酯水平的影响

目的探讨普罗布考联合阿托伐他汀对急性冠状动脉综合征合并2型糖尿病惠者HDL-C亚型和TG水平的影响。方法选取急性冠状动脉综合征合并2型糖尿病患者120例,随机分为治疗组和对照组各60例,治疗组给予普罗布考500 mg,2次/d;阿托伐他汀20 mg,1次/晚;对照组给予阿托伐他汀20 mg,1次/晚。2组均常规使用硝酸酯类和抗血小板药物。治疗前及治疗3个月后分别检测TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、HDL_2、HDL_3。结果与治疗前比较,治疗3个月后,2组患者TG、TC、LDL-C均有下降(P<0.05),治疗组下降更为明显(P<0.01),治疗组患者HDL-C和HDL_2明显下降,HDL_3、HDL_3/HDL-C明显升高(P<0.05),对照组HDLC明显升高(P<0.05)。与对照组治疗后比较,治疗组TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、HDL_2明显下降(P<0.05),HDL_3、HDL_3/HDL-C明显升高(P<0.05)。结论普罗布考联合阿托伐他汀治疗急性冠状动脉综合征合并2型糖尿病,可更好降低TG、TC、LDL-C,虽然同时HDL-C总量有所下降,但逆向转运TC能力更强的HDL_3却增加。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.