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孤立性肺结节(solitary pulmonary nodule,SPN)是直径≤3cm,肺内孤立存在的,圆形或者类圆形的非透明病灶,结节是完全由肺实质所包围,没有肺门或纵隔淋巴结肿大、肺不张及胸腔积液[1]。随着胸部CT在临床实践中的日益普及,越来越多的人被发现孤立性肺结节。美国国家肺部筛查试验(NLST)表明,采用低剂量CT对高危人群肺癌的筛查可降低死亡率[2]。然而,低剂量CT缺乏区分早期恶性肿瘤和良性结节的准确性,导致假阳性率很高(96.4%)[2-3]。 相似文献
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<正>随着多层螺旋CT的广泛应用及低剂量CT扫描在早期肺癌筛查中的开展,肺小结节的检出率明显提高,特别是肺内磨玻璃结节(ground-glass nodules,GGN)即肺部早期癌症的检出和早期手术治疗的开展,患者术后生存率明显提高。GGN是一种有特征性而非特异性的近年提出的CT影像表现。任何只要肺实质含气量减少、细胞密度增加,此时肺泡尚未完全萎陷,CT图像上即可出现磨玻璃样阴影。它可以是良性病变,如炎症或出血,也可以是肺腺癌浸润的癌前病变,如腺瘤样增生、原位腺癌等[1]。GGN多位于肺组织外周,以腺癌为主。磨玻璃结节因其就诊时发现的时间不同,所以其密度也有差异,CT值测量最低的可以是-700 Hu,仅 相似文献
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《临床肺科杂志》2021,(6)
目的探讨肺部影像人工智能诊断系统对肺结节性质及肺癌病理类型的鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析医院2018年3月~2019年3月收治的178例肺结节患者的临床资料,经肺部影像人工智能诊断系统鉴别肺结节性质及肺癌病理类型,所有患者均经手术治疗,肺结节均经病理检查明确良恶性,恶性结节也均明确病理类型。统计肺部影像人工智能诊断系统的鉴别诊断结果;分析该方法与病理检查结果的一致性。结果本组患者中恶性结节占比38.78%,肺癌患者占比17.98%,且腺癌、小细胞癌、鳞癌、大细胞癌占比分别为71.88%、18.75%、6.25%、3.13%;经肺部影像人工智能诊断系统鉴别有152个良性肺结节,有93个恶性肺结节,有148例患者被诊断为良性肺结节病,有30例患者被诊断为肺癌,其中有21例被诊断为腺癌,有6例被诊断为小细胞癌,有2例被诊断为鳞癌,有1例被诊断为大细胞癌;经Kappa一致性检验,肺部影像人工智能诊断系统鉴别肺结节良恶性、肺癌病理类型结果与病理检查结果的一致性良好(Kappa值=0.801,P=0.015;Kappa值=0.763,P=0.024)。结论肺部影像人工智能诊断系统鉴别诊断肺结节性质及肺癌病理类型结果与病理检查结果一致性均较高,效能良好,值得推广。 相似文献
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《中华肺部疾病杂志(电子版)》2020,(4)
正肺癌发病率及病死率均居全球恶性肿瘤第1位,其好发于中老年人,随着吸烟人群增加及环境污染加剧,肺癌发病渐趋年轻化~([1-4])。早期肺癌通常不具备典型症状,大多数患者因未及时确诊而错过最佳治疗时间~([5-6])。肺结节为早期肺癌的主要表现,其性质确定主要依靠穿刺活检病理检查,对较大肺结节活检准确率可达95%,但肺微小结节结构小,实质成分少,对穿刺技术要求高,难度及风险较大,且存在假阴性率较高、组织取样不足等~([7-10])。随着影像学技术不断发展,胸部电子计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)逐渐普及,肺微小结节检出率不断提高,早期肺部恶性结节确诊比例亦逐渐增多~([11])。本文分析了肺内微小结节CT影像 相似文献
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正孤立性肺结节(solitary pulmonary nodule,SPN)通常被定义为肺部单发、影像学不透明、边缘清楚、直径≤30 mm的肺部病变,其周围完全被含气的肺组织所包裹,且不伴有肺不张、肺门增大及胸腔积液等其他的表现~([1-3])。近年来,随着低剂量CT(lowdose computed tomography)的广泛使用,SPN的发现率逐年升高。而SPN既可能是良性病变—感染性 相似文献
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正肺癌是全球癌症死亡的主要原因。低剂量计算机断层扫描(low dose computerized tomography,CT)已被认为是高风险人群中降低肺癌死亡率的有效筛查方法,对肺部磨玻璃结节(ground-glass nodules,GGNs)的检测在全世界范围内,特别是在中国,显著增加~([1])。GGN可能的病因有:良性肿瘤、恶性肿瘤、感染、肺局部出血、肺间质性疾病等等。尽管目前关于GGN的治疗尚无明确共识,但越来越多的证据提 相似文献
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<正>随着CT技术的快速发展与广泛应用,肺结节检出率越来越高~([1])。多项大型肺癌筛查试验中,肺结节的检出率已经升至8%~51%,而恶性肺结节的比例仅为1.1~12%~([2])。肺结节是被充气肺组织完全包围,边界清晰的单个不透X线阴影,直径≤3 cm;孤立性肺结节是单发的肺结节,没有肺不张、肺门淋巴结肿大或胸腔积液~([3-5])。美国国家肺癌筛查试验(National Lung Screening Trial,NLST)发现采用胸部低剂 相似文献
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A 48-year-old post-menopausal female was referred to us in view of her chest radiograph showing multiple pulmonary nodules (Figure 1). She complained of fever and arthralgia since one month. She had been diagnosed as allergic rhinitis with mild episodic asthma since childhood on the basis of symptomatology and was on inhaled steroids and bronchodilators for the same. There was no history of receiving oral corticosteroids or leukotreine antagonists for asthma. Clinical examination did not reveal any abnormality. 相似文献
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Carcoforo P Feo C Sortini D Pozza E Carrella G Sortini A 《Chest》2004,125(2):796; author reply 796-796; author reply 797
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Today pulmonary nodules are commonly detected by spiral CT but their evaluation and management remain a difficult task. The traditional approach, based on the principles of decision analysis, relies on estimating the probability of malignancy from risks factors assessed by history and morphological characteristics on chest radiographs and CT examinations. Use of non-invasive techniques such as PET and contrast-enhanced CT may decrease the number of invasive procedures performed for obtaining a histological diagnosis. A precise evaluation of nodule growth can be obtained from recent improvements in CT technology and may shorten the follow-up. The goal of this review, based on the consensus obtained in a multidisciplinary group, is to emphasize the recent advances on the topic and to propose guidelines. 相似文献
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细支气管炎是直径小于2 mm的传导气道的炎症过程,以膜性和呼吸性细支气管及其周围的炎症细胞浸润和(或)伴有基质增厚为病理特征.虽然炎症细胞、基质细胞及胶原沉积的程度和分布不同会形成不同的组织学、影像学和临床表现,但细支气管的炎症性病变常常呈小叶中心分布,可以被高分辨率CT(HRCT)清楚地显示出来,主要表现为小叶中心性分布的弥漫性结节影和(或)伴树芽征. 相似文献
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Chunhua Xu Keke Hao Yong Song Like Yu Zhibo Hou Ping Zhan 《Journal of thoracic disease》2013,5(6):830-840
Early detection of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) and early treatment are of great importance. However, patients with early SPNs always do not present with any symptoms or signs, only to demonstrate SPNs in radiology findings. So it is very critical to improve the ability to identify the SPNs, and with the development of sorts of diagnostic modalities, the accuracy in the evaluation of the SPNs has improved greatly. In this paper, the diagnostic methods and techniques of SPNs are reviewed.KEYWORDS : Solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs), early, diagnosisWith the development of equipment and technology, solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) are being increasingly detected year by year. The reported detection rate of SPNs is about 8-51% (1). The differentiation between benign and malignant nodules, and the management thereof, has thus become the main focus of interest and challenge in clinical research nowadays. The goal is to rapidly identify the nature of a pulmonary nodule, making early detection and treatment possible, and in turn avoid unnecessary invasive examination or open-chest surgery for benign lesions. Based on the clinical experience regarding the diagnosis and treatment of SPNs in the past decade in our department, we presented the techniques and advancement in the early diagnosis of SPNs in recent years in this study, as follows. 相似文献