无创左心室压力-应变环定量评价冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄

目的 探讨无创左心室压力-应变环（LVPSL）对冠状动脉不同程度狭窄的冠心病（CAD）患者心肌做功的评价。 方法 回顾性选择2019年12月～2021年10月就诊于湖南中医药高等专科学校附属第一医院心血管内科临床诊断为疑似CAD且行冠状动脉造影检查的患者130例,所有患者均行常规超声心动图、二维斑点追踪（2D-STI）和LVPSL检查。根据冠状动脉造影结果将其分为冠状动脉无狭窄组（n=33）,冠状动脉有狭窄组（n=97）。依据冠状动脉Gensini评分将冠状动脉有狭窄组分为三个亚组,轻度狭窄组（Gensini评分<25,n=37）,中度狭窄组[Gensini评分（25～50）,n=32],重度狭窄组（Gensini评分>50,n=28）。采集常规超声心动参数的同时,取左心室心尖四腔心、三腔心、两腔心切面三个心动周期在二维斑点追踪（2D-STI）模式下获得左心室整体纵向应变（GLS）。输入实时血压,进入LVPSL模式,可获得左心室整体做功指数（GWI）、整体有效做功（GCW）、整体无效做功（GWW）和整体做功效率（GWE）参数。比较不同程度冠状动脉狭窄对心肌做功的影响。 结果 与冠状动脉无狭窄组相比,冠状动脉轻度狭窄组GLS的减低、GWI减低、GCW减低、GWE减低和GWW增加（均P<0.01）;冠状动脉中度狭组GLS减低、GWI减低、GCW减低、GWE减低和GWW增加（均P<0.01）;冠状动脉重度狭窄组GLS减低、GWI减低、GCW减低、GWE减低和GWW增加（均P<0.01）。与冠状动脉轻度狭窄相比,冠状动脉中度狭窄组GLS减低、GWI减低、GCW减低、GWE减低和GWW增加（均P<0.01）;冠状动脉重度狭组GLS减低、GWI减低、GCW减低、GWE减低和GWW增加（均P<0.01）;与冠状动脉中度狭窄相比,冠状动脉重度狭窄组GLS减低、GWI减低、GCW减低、GWE减低和GWW增加（均P<0.01）。冠状动脉狭窄组的Gensini评分与GLS的绝对值、GWI、GCW、GWE呈负相关（r=?0.554, ?0.661, ?0.619, ?0.829）,与GWW呈正相关（r=0.718）,其中与GWE的相关性最高。 结论 LVPSL技术测得的GWI、GCW、GWE和GWW可定量分析不同程度冠状动脉狭窄的CAD患者心肌做功情况,心肌做功参数GWE与Gensini评分的相关性最高。     

左室压力-应变环评价不同剂量蒽环类药物对乳腺癌患者左室心肌的做功

目的 探讨采用无创性左室压力-应变环（left ventricular pressure-strain loops,LVPSL）技术评价乳腺癌患者在不同剂量蒽环类药物作用时左室心肌做功的变化情况。 方法 选取拟接受蒽环类药物化疗的新发乳腺癌术后患者36例,健康对照者30例,分别采集并存储左室心尖四腔、三腔、二腔至少（3~5）个心动周期,使用工作站脱机分析图像,获得数据包括左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、左室收缩末期内径(LVds)、左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、整体做功指数 (GWI)、整体有用功 (GCW )、 整体无用功(GWW)、整体做功效率(GWE)。 结果 在蒽环类药物累计剂量达240 mg/m2及360 mg/m2时,GLS及GWI较化疗前明显减低,GWW较化疗前升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;随蒽环类药物累计剂量的增加,GLS及GWI呈逐渐减低趋势,GWW呈逐渐升高趋势;相关分析发现:GLS与蒽环类药物剂量累计剂量显著相关（r = 0.653）,GWI及GWW与蒽环类药物累计剂量低度相关（r = ?0.485,r = 0.308）（P<0.05）。 结论 LVPSL的整体做功指数和整体无用功可评价乳腺癌患者蒽环类药物治疗所致的轻微的左心室心肌功能障碍,且有蒽环类药物剂量依赖性。     

左室压力-应变环结合四维应变技术评价冠心病患者 左心功能的初步研究

【摘要】 目的 应用左室压力-应变环（LV PSL）结合四维应变技术（4D-SI）评估冠心病患者左心功能改变及心肌做功变化,探讨各参数诊断冠心病的价值。 方法 疑诊冠心病患者57例,根据冠脉造影结果分为两组：冠心病组（至少一支冠脉狭窄≥50%）27例;对照组（冠脉无狭窄或狭窄＜50%）30例。分别采集受试者心尖四腔、两腔、左室长轴切面实时三维图像,应用Echo PAC工作站应用心肌做功分析模式,得出左室-压力应变环,获取长轴整体做功指数（GWI）、整体有效功（GCW）、整体无效功（GWW）、整体做功效率（GME）;应用左室四维自动分析功能(4D Auto LVQ),获取左心室整体的长轴应变(4D-GLPS)、环向应变(4D-GCPS)、面积应变(4D-GAPS)及径向应变(4D-GRPS)。结果 与对照组比较,冠心病组GLS、GWI、GCW、GME、4D-GLPS、4D-GCPS、4D-GAPS、4D-GRPS减低,GWW升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;各参数ROC曲线显示4D-GLPS、4D-GAPS、GWW诊断冠心病患者左心室心肌功能受损的曲线下面积相对较高,分别为0.881、0.844、0.756。截断值分别为-13.5%、-22.5%、72%,灵敏度分别为81%、81%、64%,特异度分别为83%、73%、96%;两种技术结合的ROC曲线显示4D-SI技术各参数联合左室压力-应变环技术的GWW值得出的AUC相对较大（0.943）,灵敏度、特异度和约登指数分别为89%、90%、0.79。结论4D-GLPS、4D-GAPS和GWW是评价冠心病患者左心功能改变更为可靠的指标。将LV PSL与4D-SI两种技术结合,可从多个角度更好的评价冠心病患者左心功能的改变情况,为临床医生在评估缺血患者时提供更多的信息。     

心肌做功在糖尿病患者伴有左室重构中的应用

目的:本研究旨在探讨心肌做功在糖尿病(DM)伴有左室重构患者早期左心室功能障碍中的应用价值。方法:本研究最终纳入45例健康受试者作为正常对照组,51例DM患者为DM组。DM组被进一步分为左室几何构型正常组(RWT<0.42,25例)和左室重构组(RWT≥0.42,26例)。所有研究对象均接受常规超声心动图和二维斑点追踪超声心动图检查,并使用GE Echo PAC分析软件获取左心室常规超声参数、应变参数及心肌做功参数：整体有效做功(GCW)、整体做功指数(GWI)、整体无效做功(GWW)、整体做功效率(GWE)等。结果:与正常对照组比较,DM组GCW、GWI、GWW、GWE、整体纵向应变(GLS)、峰值应变离散度(PSD)均受损(P<0.05)。与正常对照组比较,左室几何构型正常组和左室重构组的GCW、GWI均减低,且在左室重构组受损明显(P<0.05)。GWW、GWE、GLS、PSD在左室几何构型正常组与正常对照组之间差异无统计学意义,而与正常对照组相比,左室重构组的GCW、GWI、GWW、GWE、GLS、PSD受损(P<0.05)。结论:左室心肌做功可以用于评...     

无创性压力-应变环评估中老年心肌梗死PCI术后左心室心肌做功

目的 应用无创性压力-应变环(PSL)技术观察中老年心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后的心肌做功。方法 选取30例健康体检者、30例左室收缩功能正常及30例收缩功能减低的心肌梗死PCI术后患者进行PSL分析,获得整体做功指数(GWI)、整体有用功(GCW)、整体无用功(GWW)、做功效率(GWE)等心肌做功参数,比较3组差异,分析做功参数与左心室整体纵向应变(GLS)和左心室射血分数(LVEF)的相关性。结果 病例组LVEF、GLS及GWI、GCW、GWE显著低于对照组(P<0.01),PSD、GWW显著高于对照组(P<0.01),GWI、GCW、GWE与LVEF呈正相关(r=0.681、0.650、0.764,均P<0.001),GWW、GLS与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.327,-0.773,均P<0.001)。结论 PSL可以定量评估心肌梗死患者PCI术后的心肌做功,为临床评估左心室收缩功能提供新的方法。     

超声压力-应变环技术评估结缔组织病合并间质性肺疾病患者左心室心肌做功的应用价值研究

［摘要］　目的　研究超声压力-应变环（PSL）技术评估结缔组织病合并间质性肺疾病（CTD-ILD）患者左心室心肌做功的应用价值。方法　选取2018年2月至2019年12月广西壮族自治区人民医院收治的CTD-ILD患者28例（CTD-ILD组）,同期招募性别、年龄匹配的体检健康者28名作为对照组。所有受试者均完成血压测量并进行常规超声心动图检查,采集相关动态图像,应用EchoPAC软件对所采集图像进行分析。比较两组左心室心肌做功参数,包括整体做功指数（GWI）、整体有效做功（GCW）、整体无效做功（GWW）、整体做功效率（GWE）,并对心肌做功参数与左室应变参数进行相关性分析。结果　与对照组相比,CTD-ILD组GWW升高,左心室整体长轴应变（GLS）绝对值、GWI、GCW及GWE均减低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GWI、GWE与GLS绝对值呈正相关（P<0.05）,GWW与GLS绝对值呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论　PSL技术可定量评估CTD-ILD患者左心室心肌做功状态,为临床提供更多参考信息。     

左心室心肌做功在乳腺癌患者蒽环类化疗药物心脏毒性评价中的应用价值

目的 探讨二维斑点追踪成像(2D-STI)技术新参数左心室心肌做功在乳腺癌患者蒽环类药物化疗后心脏毒性评价中的应用价值。方法 选取2018年12月至2019年9月在苏北人民医院首次接受化疗的40例患者为化疗组,另选取正常健康者20例作为对照组。应用2D-STI技术测量左心室整体长轴应变(GLS)及整体心肌做功参数,比较对照组与化疗组化疗前、化疗2周期及化疗4周期的差异。采用SPSS 25.0统计软件进行数据分析,变量间相关性采用Spearman相关性分析。结果 化疗组完成2个周期时,心肌做功相关参数与化疗前和对照组相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。化疗组完成4个周期时,其GLS、整体心肌做功指数(GWI)和整体有用功(GCW)均较化疗前和对照组减低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GWI、 GCW、 整体无用功(GWW)、整体做功效率(GWE)与GLS均呈线性相关(r=-0.873、-0.750、0.582、-0.739;均P<0.001)。结论 左心室心肌做功指数可评价乳腺癌术后化疗患者的左心室收缩功能。GWI与GCW对早期监测蒽环类药物导致乳腺癌化疗患者的亚临床左心室收缩功能下降具有较高的临床参考价值。     

不同冠状动脉损伤程度川崎病患儿发病早期超声心动图、左心室心肌做功参数研究

目的 分析不同冠状动脉损伤程度川崎病（KD）患儿发病早期（确诊后1 d）超声心动图、左心室心肌做功参数。方法 选取2021年6—12月在陕西省人民医院确诊的KD患儿50例。根据患儿冠状动脉损伤情况，将其分为研究组1（冠状动脉内径正常、管壁增厚毛糙，20例）、研究组2（冠状动脉扩张，20例）、研究组3（冠状动脉瘤形成，10例）。患儿于确诊后1 d、健康儿童于体检当天进行二维超声心动图检查及二维斑点追踪超声心动图（2D-STE）检查，记录超声心动图参数[包括左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左心室收缩末期内径（LVESD）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）及左心室短轴缩短率（LVFS）]、左心室心肌做功参数[整体做功指数（GWI）、整体有用功（GCW）、整体无用功（GWW）、整体做功效率（GWE）、整体纵向应变（GLS）]。结果 四组LVEDD、LVESD、LVEF、LVFS比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。四组GWI、GWW、GWE、GLS比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；研究组3 GCW低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 冠状动脉内径正常、管壁增厚毛糙的KD患儿和...     

三维斑点追踪成像评价冠脉不同程度狭窄心肌整体应变参数变化

目的应用三维斑点追踪成像(three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging,3D-STI)技术评价冠脉不同程度狭窄心肌整体应变。方法收集2013年12月至2014年5月于北京军区总医院心内科住院,临床诊断疑似为冠心病患者共计63例,根据患者冠状动脉造影结果,按三支冠脉不同狭窄程度分为:对照组10例(冠脉无明确狭窄)、轻度狭窄组(狭窄率≤50%)9例、中度狭窄组(50%至少一支冠脉狭窄率≤75%)10例、重度狭窄组(至少一支冠脉狭窄率75%)34例。应用3D-STI获得心肌整体应变参数,包括左心室整体纵向收缩期峰值应变(GLS)、左心室整体径向收缩期峰值应变(GRS)、左心室整体圆周收缩期峰值应变(GCS)以及左心室整体面积收缩期峰值应变(GAS),比较不同狭窄程度心肌整体应变参数的差异。结果重度狭窄组各应变参数较其他各组明显减低,中度狭窄组GLS、GRS、GAS较对照组明显减低,中度狭窄组GAS较轻度狭窄组明显减低,轻度狭窄组GAS较对照组明显减低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 3D-STI技术可作为早期评价无室壁运动异常冠心病患者左心室整体收缩功能的有效检测手段,其中GAS是敏感性及可重复性最高的参数。随着冠状动脉狭窄程度增加,心肌各应变参数受损加重,其中GAS受损最显著。     

左心室心肌做功预测心脏再同步化治疗的效果

目的利用二维斑点追踪成像(2D-STI)技术新参数左心室心肌做功预测心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)的效果。方法选取2017年12月至2019年10月在苏北人民医院接受CRT治疗的75例心力衰竭患者为研究对象,于CRT术前及术后6个月测量常规超声心动图参数以及利用2D-STI技术分析整体心肌做功参数。将术后左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)缩小≥15%定义为CRT治疗有效。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析,变量间相关性采用Spearman相关性分析。应用ROC曲线分析各参数预测CRT的效果。结果CRT的有效率为65%(49/75)。与术前比较,有效组术后左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)和LVESV减小,左心室射血分数(LVEF)增高,有效组术后心肌做功指数(GWI)、整体有效功(GCW)、整体做功效率(GWE)增高,整体无效功(GWW)降低(P<0.05);无效组各参数比较差异均无统计学意义。有效组术前GCW和GWW大于无效组(P<0.05)。GCW与左心室收缩末期容积减少率(△LVESV)及LVEF呈线性相关(r=0.58,0.64;均P<0.05);GCW、GWW预测CRT疗效的ROC曲线下面积为0.78与0.85。结论左心室心肌做功参数可评估CRT患者左心室收缩功能,并可预测CRT患者的治疗效果。     

Impact of repaired aortic coarctation in left ventricular myocardial work

AimsMyocardial strain analysis enables more precise assessment of cardiac performance but is relatively load dependent. New tools have been developed with afterload adjustment. Our objective was to assess myocardial work (MW) in patients with repaired aortic coarctation (rACo).MethodsProspective study of consecutive patients with rACo who underwent a routine transthoracic echocardiogram in 2018 and 2019 at our center. Patients with significant aortic valve disease, pacemaker, or other congenital heart diseases (except for mild bicuspid aortic valve disease) were excluded. Global longitudinal strain with two dimensional speckle tracking analysis and MW were obtained (GWI:Global Work Index; GCW: Global Constructive Work; GWW: Global Wasted Work; GWE: Global Work Efficiency). Blood pressure was measured in the patient's right arm.ResultsWe included 42 patients in the analysis, mean age of 37±10 years, 38% males. In this group, 52% had hypertension and 64% had a concomitant bicuspid aortic valve. In comparison to previously published reference values, patients with rACo had significantly lower GWI (1807 vs. 1896 mmHg%) and GCW (2173 vs. 2232 mmHg%) (p<0.001), particularly in males. Systolic blood pressure is an independent predictor for GWI (β=0.432) and for GCW (β=0.534) and GLS an independent predictor of all MW parameters (β>0.594). Neither age nor gender were independent predictors.ConclusionsIn patients with rACo, there are some signs of left ventricular dysfunction with a reduction in GCW and GWI and with preserved GWE, despite normal ejection fraction and strain.     

心肌做功技术对LVEF保留的AMI患者左心室整体收缩功能降低的诊断价值

目的探讨心肌做功技术对左心室射血分数(LVEF)保留的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者左心室整体收缩功能降低的诊断价值。方法本研究为前瞻性病例-对照设计的诊断性试验。选取2019年5—10月在河南省人民医院确诊为AMI且LVEF>50%的患者为AMI(LVEF>50%)组,并选取同期健康体检者作为对照组。收集所有研究对象的年龄、性别等一般临床资料,采用二维超声采集其心尖二腔、三腔及四腔长轴切面连续3个心动周期动态图像,测量并比较两组间常规超声心动图指标及心肌做功各参数的差异。采用组内相关系数(ICC)评价观察者内及观察者间心肌做功各参数的重复性。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析左心室整体有用功(GCW)、整体无用功(GWW)、整体做功效率(GWE)、整体做功指数(GWI)对于LVEF保留的AMI患者左心室整体收缩功能降低的诊断价值。结果AMI(LVEF>50%)组30例,年龄(67.3±9.7)岁,女性14例(46.7%)。对照组30例,年龄(68.1±8.6)岁,女性12例(40.0%)。AMI(LVEF>50%)组左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、室间隔厚度(IVSD)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、二尖瓣口舒张早期峰值流速比二尖瓣后叶瓣环组织多普勒速度(E/e)、左心室质量(LVM)、左心室质量指数(LVMI)较对照组大,E、e较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,AMI(LVEF>50%)组GCW[(1145.9±440.1)mmHg%(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)比(1425.7±355.4)mmHg%]、GWE[(80.9±9.5)%比(87.3±5.5)%]、GWI[(1001.3±416.2)mmHg%比(1247.6±341.7)mmHg%]低,长轴整体应变(GLS)绝对值低[(8.5±3.4)%比(11.4±3.7)%],峰值应变离散度(PSD)高[(101.3±66.4)ms比(74.7±31.9)ms],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);AMI(LVEF>50%)组GWW高[(177.2±71.1)mmHg%比(155.7±64.6)mmHg%],但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。GCW、GWW、GWE、GWI在观察者内及观察者间的重复性良好(ICC均>0.75)。ROC曲线分析显示,GCW、GWW、GWE、GWI 4个参数曲线下面积分别为0.896、0.929、0.808、0.862,均可用于AMI(LVEF>50%)患者左心室收缩功能降低的诊断。结论心肌做功技术对于LVEF保留的AMI患者左心室整体收缩功能降低具有一定的诊断价值。     

心肌做功技术对LVEF保留的AMI患者左心室整体收缩功能降低的诊断价值

目的探讨心肌做功技术对左心室射血分数(LVEF)保留的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者左心室整体收缩功能降低的诊断价值。方法本研究为前瞻性病例-对照设计的诊断性试验。选取2019年5—10月在河南省人民医院确诊为AMI且LVEF>50%的患者为AMI(LVEF>50%)组,并选取同期健康体检者作为对照组。收集所有研究对象的年龄、性别等一般临床资料,采用二维超声采集其心尖二腔、三腔及四腔长轴切面连续3个心动周期动态图像,测量并比较两组间常规超声心动图指标及心肌做功各参数的差异。采用组内相关系数(ICC)评价观察者内及观察者间心肌做功各参数的重复性。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析左心室整体有用功(GCW)、整体无用功(GWW)、整体做功效率(GWE)、整体做功指数(GWI)对于LVEF保留的AMI患者左心室整体收缩功能降低的诊断价值。结果AMI(LVEF>50%)组30例,年龄(67.3±9.7)岁,女性14例(46.7%)。对照组30例,年龄(68.1±8.6)岁,女性12例(40.0%)。AMI(LVEF>50%)组左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、室间隔厚度(IVSD)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、二尖瓣口舒张早期峰值流速比二尖瓣后叶瓣环组织多普勒速度(E/e)、左心室质量(LVM)、左心室质量指数(LVMI)较对照组大,E、e较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,AMI(LVEF>50%)组GCW[(1145.9±440.1)mmHg%(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)比(1425.7±355.4)mmHg%]、GWE[(80.9±9.5)%比(87.3±5.5)%]、GWI[(1001.3±416.2)mmHg%比(1247.6±341.7)mmHg%]低,长轴整体应变(GLS)绝对值低[(8.5±3.4)%比(11.4±3.7)%],峰值应变离散度(PSD)高[(101.3±66.4)ms比(74.7±31.9)ms],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);AMI(LVEF>50%)组GWW高[(177.2±71.1)mmHg%比(155.7±64.6)mmHg%],但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。GCW、GWW、GWE、GWI在观察者内及观察者间的重复性良好(ICC均>0.75)。ROC曲线分析显示,GCW、GWW、GWE、GWI 4个参数曲线下面积分别为0.896、0.929、0.808、0.862,均可用于AMI(LVEF>50%)患者左心室收缩功能降低的诊断。结论心肌做功技术对于LVEF保留的AMI患者左心室整体收缩功能降低具有一定的诊断价值。     

Dynamics of Left Ventricular Myocardial Work in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure

BackgroundThe left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the most commonly used measure describing pumping efficiency, but it is heavily dependent on loading conditions and therefore not well-suited to study pathophysiologic changes. The novel concept of echocardiography-derived myocardial work (MyW) overcomes this disadvantage as it is based on LV pressure–strain loops. We tracked the in-hospital changes of indices of MyW in patients admitted for acute heart failure (AHF) in relation to their recompensation status and explored the prognostic utility of MyW indicesMethods and ResultsWe studied 126 patients admitted for AHF (mean 73 ± 12 years, 37% female, 40% with a reduced LVEF [<40%]), providing pairs of echocardiograms obtained both on hospital admission and prior to discharge. The following MyW indices were derived: global constructive and wasted work (GCW, GWW), global work index (GWI), and global work efficiency. In patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction with decreasing N-terminal prohormone B-natriuretic peptide levels during hospitalization, the GCW and GWI improved significantly, whereas the GWW remained unchanged. In patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction, the GCW and GWI were unchanged; however, in patients with no decrease or eventual increase in N-terminal prohormone B-natriuretic peptide, we observed an increase in GWW. In all patients with AHF, higher values of GWW were associated with a higher risk of death or rehospitalization within 6 months after discharge (per 10-point increment hazard ratio 1.035, 95% confidence interval 1.005–1.065).ConclusionsOur results suggest differential myocardial responses to decompensation and recompensation, depending on the HF phenotype in patients presenting with AHF. The GWW predicted the 6-month prognosis in these patients, regardless of LVEF. Future studies in larger cohorts need to confirm our results and identify determinants of short-term and longer term changes in MyW.     

Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Myocardial Work Indices for Identification of Cancer Therapy–Related Cardiotoxicity

BackgroundEchocardiographic global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a useful measure for detection of cancer treatment–related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) but is influenced by blood pressure changes. This limitation may be overcome by assessment of myocardial work (MW), which incorporates blood pressure into the calculation.ObjectivesThis work aims to determine whether myocardial work indices (MWIs) can help diagnose or prognosticate CTRCD.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, 136 women undergoing anthracycline and trastuzumab treatment for HER2+ breast cancer, underwent serial echocardiograms and cardiac magnetic resonance pre- and post-anthracycline and every 3 months during trastuzumab. GLS, global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work, and global work efficiency were measured. CTRCD was defined with cardiac magnetic resonance. Generalized estimating equations quantified the association between changes in GLS and MWIs and CTRCD at the current (diagnosis) and subsequent visit (prognosis). Regression tree analysis was used to explore the combined use of GLS and MW for the diagnostic/prognostic assessment of CTRCD.ResultsBaseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 63.2 ± 4.0%. Thirty-seven (27.2%) patients developed CTRCD. An absolute change in GLS (standardized odds ratio [sOR]: 1.97 [95% CI: 1.07-3.66]; P = 0.031) and GWI (sOR: 1.73 [95% CI: 1.04-2.85]; P = 0.033) were associated with concurrent CTRCD. An absolute change in GLS (sOR: 1.79 [95% CI: 1.22-2.62]; P = 0.003), GWI (sOR: 1.67 [95% CI: 1.20-2.32]; P = 0.003), and GCW (sOR: 1.65 [95% CI: 1.17-2.34]; P = 0.005) were associated with subsequent CTRCD. Change in GWI and GCW demonstrated incremental value over GLS and clinical factors for the diagnosis of concurrent CTRCD. In a small group with a GLS change <3.3% (absolute), and a >21 mm Hg reduction in systolic blood pressure, worsening of GWI identified patients with higher probability of concurrent CTRCD (24.0% vs 5.2%). MWIs did not improve identification of subsequent CTRCD beyond knowledge of GLS change.ConclusionsGLS can be used to diagnose and prognosticate cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) defined CTRCD, with additional value from MWIs in selected cases. (Evaluation of Myocardial Changes During Breast Adenocarcinoma Therapy to Detect Cardiotoxicity Earlier With MRI [EMBRACE-MRI]; NCT02306538)     

Prediction of coronary artery disease by left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities in patients with stenosis of the aortic valve

To identify predictive factors for coronary artery disease in patients with stenosis of the aortic valve the clinical histories, haemodynamic measurements, biplane contrast left ventriculograms, and coronary angiograms of 83 consecutively catheterised patients with valvar aortic stenosis were examined retrospectively. The mean (SD) age was 66.4 (9.1) years and 78% were men. Fifty five patients had significant coronary artery disease (greater than or equal to 50% diameter narrowing). Forty five (82%) of 55 patients with and 23 (82%) of 28 patients without coronary disease had angina. Heart failure occurred in a third of the patients; these patients were on average older, were more likely to be female, and had lower ejection fractions and cardiac outputs than patients in whom failure did not occur. Calculated valve area, transvalvar gradient, and left ventricular end diastolic pressure did not discriminate between patients with and without coronary disease. Syncope was less common than angina and heart failure and was associated with significantly lower valve areas and higher gradients than those found in patients without syncope. Left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities were equally common in the groups with and without angina and predicted coronary artery disease with 94% accuracy. The absence of regional wall motion abnormality was an insensitive marker of normal coronary arteries as 45% of such patients had coronary disease. Five of the 83 patients had significant coronary disease without angina or regional wall motion abnormality. In patients with aortic stenosis angina did not predict the presence of coronary artery disease; therefore, it is advisable to have the results of coronary angiography before aortic valve replacement in a population such as this. Two of the patients with heart failure and severe aortic stenosis had regional wall motion abnormality with normal coronary arteries. Thus in some patients left ventricular failure produced by increased afterload may itself be a cause of left ventricular regional wall motion abnormality.     

Prediction of coronary artery disease by left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities in patients with stenosis of the aortic valve.

To identify predictive factors for coronary artery disease in patients with stenosis of the aortic valve the clinical histories, haemodynamic measurements, biplane contrast left ventriculograms, and coronary angiograms of 83 consecutively catheterised patients with valvar aortic stenosis were examined retrospectively. The mean (SD) age was 66.4 (9.1) years and 78% were men. Fifty five patients had significant coronary artery disease (greater than or equal to 50% diameter narrowing). Forty five (82%) of 55 patients with and 23 (82%) of 28 patients without coronary disease had angina. Heart failure occurred in a third of the patients; these patients were on average older, were more likely to be female, and had lower ejection fractions and cardiac outputs than patients in whom failure did not occur. Calculated valve area, transvalvar gradient, and left ventricular end diastolic pressure did not discriminate between patients with and without coronary disease. Syncope was less common than angina and heart failure and was associated with significantly lower valve areas and higher gradients than those found in patients without syncope. Left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities were equally common in the groups with and without angina and predicted coronary artery disease with 94% accuracy. The absence of regional wall motion abnormality was an insensitive marker of normal coronary arteries as 45% of such patients had coronary disease. Five of the 83 patients had significant coronary disease without angina or regional wall motion abnormality. In patients with aortic stenosis angina did not predict the presence of coronary artery disease; therefore, it is advisable to have the results of coronary angiography before aortic valve replacement in a population such as this. Two of the patients with heart failure and severe aortic stenosis had regional wall motion abnormality with normal coronary arteries. Thus in some patients left ventricular failure produced by increased afterload may itself be a cause of left ventricular regional wall motion abnormality.