血管紧张素-(1-7)对THP-1源性巨噬细胞CD40/CD40L表达的影响

目的 探讨血管紧张素-(1-7)[Ang-(1-7)]对血管紧张素Ⅱ[AngⅡ]刺激下THP-1源性巨噬细胞CD40和CD40L表达的影响.方法 用一定浓度的AngⅡ诱导体外培养的巨噬细胞,与不同浓度的Ang-(1-7)共同孵育,应用流式细胞技术检测CD40和CD40L在细胞上的表达,采用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测CD40和CD40L mRNA表达.结果 Ang-(1-7)既可下调细胞表面CD40和CD40L的表达,又能使CD40和CD40L mRNA表达下降,其阻断作用呈浓度依赖性;应用Ang-(1-7)特异性阻断剂A-779后CD40和CD40L表达再次升高,与AngⅡ组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 Ang-(1-7)可拮抗巨噬细胞CD40和CD40L表达,并呈浓度依赖性,这种作用可能是其抗动脉粥样硬化的机制之一;Ang-(1-7)是通过特异性受体MAS起作用的.     

血管生成素1通过NF-κB传导通路影响内皮祖细胞炎症反应中黏附分子的表达

目的探讨血管生成素1(Ang-1)影响内皮祖细胞(EPC)炎症反应中黏附分子表达的主要信号传导通路。方法以慢病毒为载体将Ang-1导入EPC中,采用肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)诱导内皮祖细胞炎症,使用特异性抑制剂PDTC抑制NF-κB,通过荧光定量PCR、ELISA检测各组(空白对照组、TNF-α组、Ang-1组、PDTC组、Ang-1+PDTC组)细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)、血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果与TNF-α组相比,Ang-1组、PDTC组及Ang-1+PDTC组ICAM-1、VCAM-1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均明显下调(P<0.05),三组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论血管生成素1通过NF-κB传导通路抑制EPC炎症反应中ICAM-1、VCAM-1的表达。     

黏附分子及CD40配体与急性心肌梗死的关系

目的观察青年急性心肌梗死患者淋巴细胞的血管间黏附分子、淋巴细胞黏附分子(VCAM-1及ICAM-1)及CD40配体(CD40L)的表达,探讨其急性心肌梗死炎症免疫学发病机制。方法将年龄≤45岁,与年龄>45岁急性心肌梗死患者上述指标比较,体检正常者作为对照。用流式细胞仪检测淋巴细胞VCAM-1、ICAM-1及CD40L阳性表达率。结果≥45岁组VCAM-1、ICAM-1及CD40L明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05),但与老年心肌梗死组对比差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。≤45岁心肌梗死组中VCAM-1、ICAM-1与CD40L显著相关。结论VCAM-1、ICAM-1及CD40L的高表达是急性心肌梗死发生和发展的重要炎症免疫学机制之一。     

Toll样受体4在血管紧张素Ⅱ所致高血压小鼠血管重构中的作用

目的探讨Toll样受体4(TLR4)在血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)所致高血压小鼠血管重构中的作用。方法选择野生型C57小鼠18只,随机分为对照组、AngⅡ组和TLR4组,每组6只。AngⅡ灌注7d,于灌泵前2d至灌泵后7d小鼠尾静脉注射TLR4中和抗体。免疫组织化学检测胸主动脉内皮素1、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)的表达;流式细胞仪检测T细胞表面活化分子CD69的表达。结果与对照组比较,AngⅡ组小鼠血压、内皮素1、PCNA、ICAM-1、CD69表达明显上调,α-SMA表达明显下调(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与AngⅡ组比较,TLR4组小鼠血压、内皮素1、PCNA、ICAM-1、CD69表达明显下调,α-SMA表达明显上调(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 TLR4通过介导炎性反应参与AngⅡ所致高血压小鼠血管重构。     

Ang-（1—7）对AngⅡ诱导THP-1巨噬细胞MMP-9表达的影响

目的 探讨血管紧张素(1-7)[Ang-(1-7)]对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)人单核/巨噬细胞(THP-1) 基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)表达的影响及其机制.方法 佛波酯(PMA)诱导THP-1单核细胞分化为巨噬细胞后分为8组:对照组、Ang-(1-7)组、AngⅡ组、Ang-(1-7)+AngⅡ组、A-799+Ang-(1-7)+AngⅡ组,其中Ang-(1-7) +AngⅡ组根据Ang-(1-7)的浓度又分为10-8mol/L Ang-(1-7)+AngⅡ组、10-7 mol/L Ang-(1-7)+AngⅡ组、10-6 mol/L Ang-(1-7)+AngⅡ组、10-5 mol/L Ang-(1-7)+ AngⅡ组.用半定量RT-PCR检测细胞MMP-9 mRNA表达的情况.结果 AngⅡ干预后较对照组MMP-9mRNA显著增加(P<0.05);而Ang-(1-7)呈浓度依赖性减弱AngⅡ诱导的MMP-9 mRNA表达(P<0.05);加入A-799后抑制作用明显减低(P<0.05).结论 Ang-(1-7)浓度依赖性地抑制AngⅡ诱导THP-1巨噬细胞MMP-9 mRNA表达,可能通过其特异性受体Mas来发挥作用.     

血管紧张素-(1-7)对人脐动脉平滑肌细胞p38MAPK通路的抑制作用

目的 探讨血管紧张素-(1-7)[Ang-(1-7)]阻断血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)致炎作用的可能机制.方法 用DMEM培养基培养血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs),待细胞生长至80％融合时无血清培养12小时后分为两组:Ⅰ组:对照组、AngⅡ组、Ang-(1-7)组、AngⅡ+Ang-(1-7)组、AngⅡ+ Ang-(1-7)+ A-779组、A-779组;Ⅱ组:对照组、AngⅡ组、AngⅡ+不同浓度Ang-(1-7)组.上述两组作用一定时间后收集细胞,用Western blot方法测定细胞p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)蛋白磷酸化表达.结果 Ang-(1-7)(1000 nmol/L)可拮抗AngⅡ(100 nmol/L)诱导的VSMCs p38MAPK磷酸化表达,且呈剂量依赖性,随着Ang-(1-7)剂量的增加,p38MAPK磷酸化表达逐渐减弱.结论 Ang-(1-7)呈剂量依赖性抑制AngⅡ激活人脐动脉平滑肌细胞p38MAPK通路的作用,从而可能拮抗AngⅡ的致炎作用.     

血管紧张素（1-7）对血管紧张素Ⅱ激活人脐静脉内皮细胞p38MAPK通路的拮抗作用

目的 探讨血管紧张素(1-7)[Ang-(1-7)] 阻断血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)致炎作用的可能机制.方法 原代培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,取2～5代用于实验.培养细胞随机分两组:Ⅰ组:对照组,AngⅡ组和AngⅡ+不同浓度Ang (1-7)组;Ⅱ组:对照组,AngⅡ组,Ang (1-7)组,AngⅡ+Ang-(1-7)组,AngⅡ+Ang (1-7)+A-779组,A-779组.用免疫印迹法测定细胞p38MAPK磷酸化表达.培养细胞用RT-PCR法测定Ang(1-7)的特异性受体Mas受体的表达.结果 100 nmol/L Ang(1-7)可以拮抗100 nmol/L AngⅡ诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞p38MAPK磷酸化表达,且呈剂量依赖性.随着Ang(1-7)剂量的增加p38MAPK磷酸化表达逐渐减弱,在1000 nmol/L Ang(1-7)时即有明显减弱.Ang(1-7)受体特异性拮抗剂A-779可显著抑制Ang(1-7)的此作用.结论 Ang(1-7)呈剂量依赖性拮抗AngⅡ激活人脐静脉内皮细胞p38MAPK通路的作用.     

血管紧张素Ⅰ抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖

目的探讨血管紧张素-(1-7)[Ang-(1-7)]对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)增殖的影响。方法采用组织贴块法培养VSMCs,取生长良好的第3～5代细胞用于实验。随机分为对照组、AngⅡ组、Ang-(1-7)组、AngⅡ Ang-(1-7)组、AngⅡ Ang-(1-7) (A-779)组,通过3H胸腺嘧啶(3H-TdR)掺入法测定VSMCs的DNA合成,用结晶染色的方法检测细胞数目,观察VSMCs的增殖情况。结果①与对照组比,AngⅡ(100nmol/L)孵育细胞24h后可明显诱导VSMCs3H-TdR掺入量增加;Ang-(1-7)(1000nmol/L)可减少3H-TdR掺入量。②与AngⅡ组比较,Ang-(1-7)(10nmol/L、100nmol/L、1000nmol/L)呈浓度依赖性的抑制AngⅡ诱导的VSMCs3H-TdR掺入量。加入Ang-(1-7)特异性受体阻断剂A-779后,Ang-(1-7)此作用消失。③结晶染色结果显示,AngⅡ可诱导VSMCs数目明显增加(P<0.05)。Ang-(1-7)可抑制AngⅡ诱导的VSMCs增加,亦呈浓度依赖性(P<0.05)。结论Ang-(1-7)能抑制基础和AngⅡ诱导的VSMCs增殖,通过其特异性受体发挥作用。     

蜂胶水提物预处理对血管内皮细胞的保护作用

目的观察蜂胶水提物对损伤血管内皮细胞的保护作用,探讨蜂胶抗动脉粥样硬化的作用及其机制。方法用50 μg/L TNF-α诱导体外培养脐静脉内皮细胞损伤,用50、100、200 mg/L蜂胶水提物分别干预6、12、24 h,分为对照组、模型组、蜂胶低浓度组、蜂胶中浓度组、蜂胶高浓度组、氟伐他汀钠组、联合组,采用流式细胞仪检测细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)和血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)的表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达明显升高;与模型组比较,蜂胶低浓度组、蜂胶中浓度组和蜂胶高浓度组ICAM-1和VCAM-1明显降低(P0.01)。12 h时与氟伐他汀钠组比较,联合组ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达明显降低(P0.01)。结论蜂胶水提物能降低ICAM-1和VCAM-1的表达。与氟伐他汀钠联合应用,对血管内皮细胞损伤有协同保护作用。     

替米沙坦对体外培养THP-1源性巨噬细胞MMP-9与CD40/CD40L表达的影响

目的:通过观察替米沙坦对体外培养的THP-1源性巨噬细胞基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)及白细胞分化抗原CD40/CD40L表达的影响,揭示替米沙坦抗炎作用的可能机制,同时明确替米沙坦的心血管保护作用。方法:用一定浓度的血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)(10 000 nmol/L)诱导体外培养的巨噬细胞,与不同浓度的替米沙坦共同孵育,以MMP-9和CD40/CD40L为指标,应用RT-PCR方法分别检测MMP-9和CD40/CD40L mRNA表达。结果:替米沙坦可同时下调AngⅡ刺激后的MMP-9、CD40和CD40L mRNA的表达,有剂量依赖性。替米沙坦100 nmol/L、1 000 nmol/L、10 000 nmol/L时,MMP-9mRNA的表达与AngⅡ组相比分别下降24%、42%及62%;CD40、CD40LmRNA的表达与AngⅡ组相比分别下降24%、39%、55%、16%、32%及40%。结论:替米沙坦体可下调外培养巨噬细胞MMP-9的表达,从而具有抗炎及稳定斑块作用,其作用机制与抑制CD40/CD40L通路有关。     

CD40/CD40L系统与动脉粥样硬化

动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性炎症性疾病.动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂和血栓形成可导致急性心脑血管事件.炎性介质CD40/CD40L广泛存在于与动脉粥样硬化相关的细胞,参与斑块内炎症反应,释放促炎细胞因子,降解细胞外基质,提高促凝活性,促进动脉粥样硬化的进展和斑块易损性.干预CD40/CD40L信号系统可能成为减缓动脉粥样硬化进展和稳定动脉粥样硬化斑块的一种有效治疗策略.     

CD40/CD40L system and vascular disease

Several distinct lines of investigation in the context of atherosclerosis dealing with low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress and platelet activation are now emerging, with CD40/CD40L system as the missing link. CD40 ligand is a transmembrane glycoprotein structurally related to tumour necrosis factor-α and more than 95% of the circulating CD40L derives from platelets. CD40L appears as a multiplayer of several cell types in the inflammatory network. The peculiarity of CD40L as an inflammatory mediator derived from platelets expands the functional repertoire of platelets from players of haemostasis and thrombosis to powerful amplifiers of inflammation by promoting the release of cytokines and chemokines, cell activation and cell-cell interactions. The multifunctional role of CD40L, as a simultaneous activator of all these systems, further blurs the intricate relationship between such events both in the physiological systems and the pathological derangement occurring in atherothrombosis.     

Coexpression of CD40 and CD40 ligand in B-cell lymphoma cells

CD40 ligand (CD40L) is involved in the T-cell-dependent regulation of B-cell growth and survival and can rescue normal germinal centre B cells and several types of malignant B cells from apoptosis in vitro . We have previously reported that serum of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia contained elevated levels of biologically active soluble CD40L (sCD40L). Whether an augmented CD40L pathway exists in patients with other types of B-cell lymphoid malignancies and the source of native sCD40L in these patients is currently unknown. Using a sensitive ELISA assay, soluble CD40L (sCD40L) was detected in the sera of both healthy individuals and patients with haematological malignancies; however, its level was significantly elevated only in patients with B-cell lymphomas ( P   < 0.0001). Several types of malignant B cells coexpressed CD40 and CD40L proteins, and CD40L mRNA was detected in purified resting malignant B cells. The dual expression of CD40 and CD40L in B cells and the presence of native sCD40L in human serum suggest that a direct T–B-cell contact may not be required for CD40L delivery to B cells. This data raises the possibility that an autocrine cytokine loop involving CD40L may contribute to the growth regulation of benign and malignant B cells in vivo .     

Homocysteine modulates the CD40/CD40L system.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the impact of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) on the CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) dyad in vivo and in vitro. BACKGROUND: Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased incidence of atherothrombosis, although the molecular mechanisms of this association are incompletely defined. The CD40L pair triggers inflammatory signals in cells of the vascular wall, representing a major pathogenetic pathway of atherosclerosis. METHODS: We used a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to evaluate circulating levels of soluble (s) CD40L in 24 patients with HHcy and 24 healthy subjects. We also used real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry to determine expression levels of CD40 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and of CD40L in human platelets. RESULTS: The sCD40L levels were significantly increased in HHcy patients (median [interquartile range] 8.0 [0.7 to 10.5] ng/ml vs. 2.1 [1.9 to 2.3] ng/ml, p = 0.0001). Positive correlations were noted between log sCD40L and log homocysteine (Hcy) (R = 0.68, p < 0.0001) or log sVCAM-1 (R = 0.41, p < 0.005). Homocysteine significantly stimulated CD40 mRNA expression in HUVECs (p = 0.033). Consistently, 24-h exposure to Hcy increased the percentage of CD40-expressing cells (p = 0.00025). Homocysteine also significantly enhanced CD40L expression in platelets (p = 0.025) to a comparable extent as that of thrombin. Notably, Hcy increased VCAM-1 protein expression induced by CD40L in HUVECs (p = 0.0046). CONCLUSIONS: The present results uncover a potential molecular target of Hcy, namely the CD40/CD40L dyad. Collectively, they indicate that upregulation of CD40/CD40L signaling may represent a link between HHcy and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.     

CD40/CD40L在毛细支气管炎发病机制中的作用

CD40/CD40L是T、B细胞表达的重要膜表面蛋白质分子,它们之间的相互作用对T、B细胞具有重要的影响,在炎症反应、免疫紊乱等方面具有重要的作用.它们之间的交联反应促进气道炎症反应和气道高反应性.目前认为CD40/CD40L在毛细支气管炎发病的多个环节中发挥作用,本文就其与毛细支气管炎的关系进行综述.     

共刺激分子CD40/CD40L及B7/CD28与动脉粥样硬化

共刺激分子CD40/CD40L及B7/CD28是T细胞活化的两条重要辅助刺激通路,不仅在调节T细胞免疫反应中起关键作用,而且也在B细胞的活化、增殖、分化、抗体的分泌起重要作用.近年来它们在动脉粥样硬化方面的研究成为国内外学者研究的热点.对共刺激分子和动脉粥样硬化关系的深入了解,将有助于阐明动脉粥样硬化发生的炎症和免疫机制,并为临床治疗开辟新途径.本文综述了共刺激分子的免疫学特征及功能以及在动脉粥样硬化中发挥的作用与免疫学治疗的前景.     

CD40/CD40L系统与动脉粥样硬化和脑梗死的关系

脑动脉粥样硬化是导致脑梗死的主要原因.CD40/CD40L的过度表达会激发免疫和炎症反应,导致粥样斑块内局部炎症细胞浸润,促发斑块破裂,进而发生脑梗死.近年来的研究表明,CD40L与脑梗死体积和严重程度相关.因此,检测CD40L可作为判断脑梗死严重程度的一项指标,用以指导临床治疗.     

CD40 Ligand Deficiency

CD40 ligand deficiency (CD40L), currently classified as an inborn error of immunity affecting cellular and humoral immunity, prevalently emerges in boys within the first two years of life. It manifests itself as a decrease in serum IgG, IgA and IgE, with normal or high IgM, defects in T cell proliferation, and decrease in soluble CD40L. These accompany sinopulmonary and/or gastrointestinal infections, and there may be infections caused by pyogenic bacteria, opportunistic infections, autoimmune diseases, and neoplasms. Mild and moderate cases of this deficiency may respond well to prophylactic antibiotic therapy or to human immunoglobulin replacement therapy, in addition to the early treatment of infections. Severe cases can be treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which allows the healing of such patients, rather than sequelae and a poor progression. Thus, its differential diagnosis with other inborn errors of immunity is essential, especially CD40 deficiency and variable common immunodeficiency; the reason why we have proposed the present literature review.     

狼疮肾炎患者肾组织CD40及其配体表达的免疫组织化学分析

目的　探讨CD40 CD40配体 (CD40L)相互作用在狼疮肾炎 (LN)发病机制中的可能作用。方法　用免疫组织化学方法对 2 0例LN患者肾组织CD40和CD40L的表达进行检测 ,并对其与肾脏病变的相关性进行分析。结果　Ⅲ、Ⅳ型LN肾组织CD40表达较正常对照组显著上调 (P <0 0 1) ,除系膜细胞、内皮细胞和肾小管上皮细胞CD40表达增强外 ,还出现CD40阳性的间质浸润细胞。Ⅲ、Ⅳ型LN患者肾组织CD40L表达亦显著增强 (P <0 0 1) ,其分布范围与CD40一致。Ⅱ、Ⅴ型LN患者肾组织CD40表达范围和强度与正常肾组织大致相似。LN肾组织CD40表达与病变活动指数相关 (r =0 78,P <0 0 1)。结论　CD40 CD40L在肾脏局部的相互作用可能在LN发生和发展中起重要作用。