平滑肌细胞源性纤维母细胞生长因子的纯化及生物学特性

将培养的兔主动脉平滑肌细胞（ｓｍｏｏｔｈｍｕｓｃｈｌｅｃｅｌｌ，ＳＭＣ）超声粉碎，用肝素亲和层析法纯化细胞内的纤维母细胞生长因子（ｆｉｂｒｏｂｌａｓｔｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ，ＦＧＦ）。结果显示，ＳＭＣ超声粉碎提取物对兔血单核细胞有趋化活性。经肝素亲和层析，被１．４～１．６ｍｏｌ·Ｌ￣（－１）ＮａＣｌ洗脱下来的组分对ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞有明显促有丝分裂活性。ＳＤＳ聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳证明该组分的分子量约为１８．４ｋＤａ。免疫杂交分析证明该组分与抗碱性ＦＧＦ多克隆抗体结合，说明本实验纯化所得的蛋白质为碱性ＦＧＦ。提示，迁入内膜的ＳＭＣ在其受损伤时，可释放出碱性ＦＧＦ，通过引起细胞的迁移和增殖，在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展中起一定作用。     

他巴唑和甲状腺素对Graves'病患者sIL-2R的影响

研究他巴唑和甲状腺素对Ｇｒａｖｅｓ’病患者ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ的影响。方法将２５例Ｇｒａｖｅｓ’病患者外周血单个细胞在不同浓度的他巴唑和甲状腺素条件下进行体外增减同时检测培养上清液及血浆ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平并与血浆游离Ｔ３（ＦＴ３）和游离Ｔ４（ＦＴ４）作相关分析。结果ＧＤ患者血浆ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ较正常对照明显升高,并与血浆ＦＴ３和ＦＴ４成正相关（分别为（Ｐ〈０．０５和Ｐ〈０．０１）;ＧＤ患者ＰＢＭＣ培养上清ＳＩＬ     

晚期血吸虫病人吡喹酮治疗前后有关细胞免疫及肝纤维化指标的 …

用吡噻酮治疗４４例晚期血吸虫病人。每个病人均在治疗前和治疗后３个月２次采血检测其外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群、血清肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）、羟脯氨酸（ＨＹＰ）、Ｎ－乙酰－β－Ｄ－氨基葡萄糖苷酶（ＮＡＧ）等，发现晚期血吸虫病人抗虫治疗后与治疗前比较：ＣＤ４＾＋Ｔ细胞百分比增高，ＣＤ８＾＋Ｔ细胞百分比下降，ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋比值增高（Ｐ值均〈０．０１），ＴＮＦ活性降低（Ｐ〈０．０５），ＮＡＧ和ＮＹＰ的含量增     

胸腺肽α1治疗重症肝炎的免疫调节研究

为了解日达仙的免疫调节作用,选取１８例下肝炎病人用日达仙（Ｔα１）治疗,并在治疗前后检测内毒素（ＬＳＰ）、肝瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）、白细胞介素２受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ）、白细胞介素４（ＩＬ－４）、白细胞介素６（ＩＬ－６）、及Ｔ细胞亚群（ＣＤ８＾＋、ＣＤ４＾＋）。结果治疗前ＬＳＰ、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－２Ｒ、ＩＬ－６、ＣＤ８＾＋均增高９Ｐ〈０．０１）,而ＩＬ－４及ＣＤ４＾＋降低。经Ｔα１治疗后ＬＳＰ、ＴＦ、ＩＬ－２     

炎症性肠病患者树突状细胞的免疫功能研究

研究炎症性肠病（ＩＢＤ）患者外周血树突状细胞（ＤＣ）的免疫功能,探讨ＤＣ免疫功能变化在ＩＢＤ发生中的作用。方法：以健康成人（ｎ＝１０）作为对照,自ＩＢＤ患者（ｎ＝１１）外周血中分离和纯化ＤＣ及Ｔ细胞,按间接免疫荧光法通过流式细胞仪检测ＤＣ表面ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ及Ｂ７－１的表达水平,检测ＤＣ诱导自体混合Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应的能力。结果：ＩＢＤ患者 ＤＣ表面 ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ、 Ｂ７－１的表达水平及 ＤＣ诱导自体混合 Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖的能力（１９．６ＶＯＦ±１．３ＶＯＦ,１８．７ＶＯＦ±１．６ＶＯＦ,１２３１０ｃｐｍ±１４６ｃｐｍ）明显高于对照组（１３．６ＶＯＦ±１．２ＶＯＦ,１２．８ＶＯＦ±１．４ＶＯＦ,Ｐ＜０．０５,８６６０ｃｐｍ±１２０ｃｐｍ,Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论： ＩＢＤ患者ＤＣ免疫功能亢进。提示ＤＣ免疫功能亢进可能与ＩＢＤ的发生及发展相关。     

病毒性肝炎患者血清HGF和TGF—β1水平的临床意义

目的：探讨血清肝细胞生长因子（ｓＨＧＦ）和转化生长因子－β＿１（ＴＧＦ－β１）水平在病毒性肝炎患者中的临床意义。方法：选１３９例病毒性肝炎患者，以双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ检测ｓＨＧＦ，以改良ＭＶ１ＬＵ细胞生长抑制ＭＴＴ法检测ＴＧＦ－β＿１活性，同时检测其肝功能、肝纤维化、甲胎蛋白等指标。结果：各型病毒性肝炎患者ｓＨＧＦ水平及ＴＧＦ－β＿１活性均明显高于正常人水平（Ｐ值均＜０．０１）。ＴＧＦ－β１活性增高以肝硬化和重症肝炎最为显著（分别为９．４４±２．１７ｎｇ／ｍｌ和８．４２±２．５４ｎｇ／ｍｌ）。ｓＨＧＦ水平与ＴＧＦ－β＿１活性相关（Ｐ值＜０．０１）。结论：ｓＨＧＦ水平能反映患者肝细胞损伤及肝功能障碍程度，并与肝纤维化程度也可能有关。     

病毒性肝炎患者血清转化生长因子—β1活性及其与肝纤维化的关系

为了探讨转化生长因子－β（ＴＧＦ－β１）在肝纤维化发病机制中的作用，采用ＭＶ１ＬＵ细胞了制ＭＴ法，检测了１０８例病毒性肝炎患者血清ＴＧＦ－β１活性，同时用放免法检测血清前季Ⅲ型胶原（ＰＣⅢ）、透明质酸（ＨＡ）层粘蛋白（ＬＮ）的含量，结果表明各型肝炎患者ＴＧＦ－β１活性较正常对照都明显增高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。随病情的发展，ＴＧＦ－β１活性逐渐增高，ＰＣⅢ、ＨＡ、ＬＮ含量也明显增加，各组间差异均有显著性     

白细胞介素—1,—6对鼠甲状腺FRTL—5细胞间通讯的影响

为探讨细胞因子对细胞间通讯的影响，应用荧光光淬灭后恢复技术研究白细胞介素（ＩＬ）－１、ＩＬ－６及促甲状腺激素（ＴＳＨ）对鼠甲状腺ＦＲＴＬ－５细胞与细胞间通讯的作用。将培养的ＦＲＴＬ－５细胞加入不同浓度的ＴＳＨ、ＩＬ－１β、ＩＬ－６继续培养１２小时后作荧光染色，以激光扫描仪测定平均荧光恢复速率（ＭＦＲＲ）作为通讯程度的定量指标。结果：（１）用ＴＳＨ后细胞ＭＦＲＲ（单位：％／ｍｉｎ）对照组为０．４４５±０．０３３，０．１、１、５Ｕ／Ｌ组分别为０．６７９±０．０５４、０．９５０±０．０７３、０．７９９±０．０８２（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（２）用ＩＬ－１β后ＭＦＲＲ对照组为０．５６４±０．０３２，１０３、１０４、１０５Ｕ／Ｌ组分别为０．４８５±０．０４２、０．４４５±０．０４３、０．４０５±０．０２９（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（３）ＩＬ－６对ＦＲＴＬ－５细胞胞间通讯无明显影响。提示ＴＳＨ可增强ＦＲＴＬ－５细胞间的通讯，ＩＬ－１β可抑制ＦＲＴＬ－５细胞间的通讯，其作用与ＴＳＨ及ＩＬ－１β的剂量有关。     

单克隆抗体对溶组织内阿米巴吞噬红细胞的影响

用具有抗细胞膜活性和抗细胞核、胞浆活性的单克隆抗体３Ｆ７和４Ｇ６与致病性溶组织内阿米巴ＨＭ－１∶ＩＭＳＳ株滋养体３７℃孵育，在孵育即刻、５ｍｉｎ、１０ｍｉｎ加入红细胞，检测滋养体吞噬红细胞的能力，并以正常小鼠血清和抗克氏锥虫抗体ＴＣＥ０４作为对照。结果，经单克隆抗体３Ｆ７孵育即刻的ＨＭ－１∶ＩＭＳＳ虫株滋养体吞噬红细胞能力明显减弱（Ｐ＜０．００１），而４Ｇ６抑制滋养体吞噬红细胞的作用不如前者明显。提示，抗细胞膜单克隆抗体对抑制滋养体吞噬红细胞有显著作用，但随着时间的推移，抑制作用明显减弱。     

甲状腺功能亢进患者血清脂质变化的临床研究（附26例临床分析）

对甲状腺功能亢进（甲亢）患者２６例，健康对照组２１例，分别测定空腹１２小时以上血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（ＦＴ３）、游离甲状腺素（ＦＴ４）、胆固醇总量（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）。结果（ｘ±ｓ），甲亢患者血清ＦＴ３为（３３．９２±１５．２６）ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＦＴ４为（４９．２３±１１．４９）ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＴＣ为（２．８９±０．２３）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＴＧ为（０．９９±０．３８）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＨＤＬ－Ｃ为（０．９１±０．２６）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。甲亢组ＴＣ、ＴＧ明显低于健康对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１～０．０５）。随着ＦＴ３、ＦＴ４水平的升高，ＴＧ反而降低，且呈显著的负相关（ｒ＝－０．４０，Ｐ＜０．０１；ｒ＝０．５１３，Ｐ＜０．０５）。甲状腺功能亢进时，甲状腺激素（ＴＨ）影响血清脂质的变化，且ＴＨ与血脂呈负相关。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Language of CTO interventions – Focus on hardware

The knowledge of variety of chronic total occlusion (CTO) hardware and the ability to use them represents the key to success of any CTO interventions. However, the multiplicity of CTO hardware and their physical character and the terminology used by experts create confusion in the mind of an average interventional cardiologist, particularly a beginner in this field. This knowledge is available but is scattered. We aim to classify and compare the currently used devices based on their properties focusing on how physical character of each device can be utilized in a specific situation, thus clarifying and simplifying the technical discourse.     

High prevalence of distal sensory polyneuropathy in antiretroviral-treated and untreated people with HIV in Tanzania

Objectives To describe the prevalence of distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP), a complication of both advanced HIV disease and of antiretroviral therapy (ART), amongst Tanzanians with HIV, on and off ART (including stavudine) with CD4 counts above and below 200 cells/μl. Methods We recruited participants attending ART clinic into four groups: >6 months ART exposure and (i) CD4 < 200 cells/μl or (ii) CD4 > 200 cells/μl (ART/CD4 < 200 and ART/CD4 > 200, respectively); ART‐naïve and (iii) CD4 < 200 cells/μl or iv)CD4 > 200 cells/μl (noART/CD4 < 200 and noART/CD4 > 200, respectively). Primary outcome was DSP, as defined by presence of at least one symptom and one sign. Results Of 326 evaluable participants, 81 (32 men, median age 38 years, median CD4 142 cells/μl) were enrolled in the ART/CD4 < 200 group, 78 (17 men, median age 37 years, median CD4 345 cells/μl) in ART/CD4 > 200, 81 (30 men, median age 37 years, median CD4 128 cells/μl) in noART/CD4 < 200 and 86 (22 men, median age 33 years, median CD4 446 cells/μl) in noART/CD4 > 200. Numbness was the most commonly reported symptom. DSP prevalence ranged from 43.2% in ART/CD4 < 200 to 20.9% in noART/CD4 > 200. DSP was more common among men (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–3.3) and older participants (aOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1–6.2 for age 40 + vs. <30 years). Conclusion Distal sensory polyneuropathy is common amongst those attending this clinic, even those with no ART exposure and a CD4 count above 200 cells/μl. Stavudine and didanosine expose HIV‐infected patients to an additional avoidable risk of DSP. Access to non‐neurotoxic ART regimes as well as earlier HIV diagnosis and initiation of ART is needed.