原发性扩张型心肌病左心室逆重构的预测因素

目的:探讨原发性扩张型心肌病(DCM)出现左心室逆重构(LVRR)的影响因素。方法:顺序入选2011年1月—2017年10月于首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院心内科首次住院的原发性DCM患者,其中左心室射血分数(LVEF)40%的患者纳入研究,随访时间2年。以首次住院超声心动图LVEF为基础,以末次复查时LVEF≥40%且较基线值增加10%以上为LVRR组,其余患者为NLVRR组。通过调取住院及门诊资料,采取门诊面访、电话随访等方式,分析患者的临床生化资料及心脏超声结果。对有统计学意义的临床资料进一步行多因素Logistic分析,探讨影响LVRR的预测因素。结果:研究共纳入符合条件的原发型DCM患者70例,其中出现LVRR的患者45例,LVRR发生率64%,LVRR组的BMI值、LVEF值、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂/血管紧张素受体拮抗剂使用率高于NLVRR组,左束支传导阻滞(LBBB)比例、心率、出院N末端利钠肽前体值、病程、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)值低于NLVRR组(P0.05)。对有统计学差异的因素进一步行多因素Logistic回归分析,影响LVRR的独立预测因素为DCM家族史(OR=0.041,95%CI 0.003～0.53,P=0.014)、LBBB(OR=0.123,95%CI 0.026～0.588,P=0.011)、LVEDD65 mm(OR=10.058,95%CI 1.067～32.420,P=0.044)、LVEF≥35%(OR=6.612,95%CI 1.349～0.53,P=0.020),对上述4个独立预测因子进行联合因子受试者特征工作曲线分析并计算其曲线下面积(AUC),联合因子预测LVRR的敏感性为82.22%,特异性为92%,AUC为0.920。结论:DCM家族史、LBBB、LVEF≥35%及LVEDD65 mm为原发型DCM患者LVRR的独立预测因素,联合因子对预测LVRR有较好的敏感性及特异性。     

射血分数降低的扩张型心肌病患者左心室逆重构的预测因素及预后研究全文替换

目的：研究射血分数降低的扩张型心肌病（DCM）患者左心室逆重构（LVRR）的预测因素及预后。方法：纳入2017年12月至2020年12月雅安市人民医院心内科新诊断的射血分数降低的DCM患者82例，经过标准化的药物治疗后，根据LVRR标准分为发生LVRR组和未发生LVRR组。统计分析两组患者的一般资料，标准化的药物治疗前后左心室射血分数（LVEF）和左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、钆对比剂延迟增强（LGE）阳性率、LGE评分及随访患者主要不良心脏事件（包括心力衰竭再住院、致死性心律失常和心原性死亡）发生率。Logistic回归分析LVRR的预测因素，采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析。结果：82例DCM患者经过标准化的药物治疗后，39例（47.6%）患者发生LVRR,43例（52.4%）患者未发生LVRR。发生LVRR组的左束支阻滞（LBBB）发生率、心率、治疗前后LVEDD、LGE阳性率、LGE评分均低于未发生LVRR组（P均<0.05）。发生LVRR组经过标准化的药物治疗前后LVEF均显著高于未发生LVRR组（P均<0.01）。平均随访（21±7）个月。多因素L...     

扩张型心肌病合并完全性左束支传导阻滞对心功能的影响及危险因素分析

目的探讨完全性左束支传导阻滞(CLBBB)对扩张型心肌病患者的心功能的影响。方法选择52例扩张型心肌病住院患者,将其分为合并完全性左束支传导阻滞组21例、正常窦性心律组31例,所有患者进行超声心动图检查,并对心脏结构和功能进行比较。结果与正常窦性心律组相比,CLBBB组患者年龄、左室收缩末内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)均大于正常窦律组(P0.01);CLBBB组患者室间隔厚度(IVSd)、左室射血分数(LVEF)均小于正常窦律组(P0.05,P0.05)。年龄、LVESD及LVEDD分别与CLBBB呈正相关(r=0.541,P=0.000;r=0.398,P=0.012;r=0.404,P=0.009);IVSd与CLBBB呈显著负相关(r=-0.354,P=0.019);LVEF与CLBBB无相关性(r=-0.288,P=0.061)。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示年龄和LVEDD为CLBBB发生的预测因素(P=0.027,OR=1.196,95%CI:1.020~1.402;P=0.018,OR=1.224,95%CI:1.035~1.447)。结论完全性左束支传导阻滞会加重扩张型心肌病患者左心室功能的损害,年龄和左室舒张末内径可能为扩张型心肌病患者CLBBB发生的危险因素。     

扩张型心肌病患者经标准药物治疗后左心室射血分数恢复正常的发生率及预测因素分析

目的:分析扩张型心肌病患者经标准药物治疗后左心室射血分数(LVEF)恢复正常的发生率及其预测因素。方法:入选2008-10至2013-10在阜外心血管病医院心力衰竭(心衰)病房住院接受标准抗心衰药物治疗的扩张型心肌病患者,出院后随访至2014-09或发生全因死亡或心脏移植。根据复查超声心动图结果,定义随访LVEF绝对值较基线至少提高10%且LVEF50%为恢复正常标准。调查抗心衰药物治疗下扩张型心肌病患者LVEF恢复正常的发生率。根据LVEF恢复情况分为LVEF恢复组和LVEF未恢复组。收集患者首次入院时的临床和超声心动图指标,采用多变量Logistic回归分析方法分析LVEF恢复正常的基线预测指标。以全因死亡或心脏移植为临床终点事件,应用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,两组间比较采用Log-rank检验。结果:共有322例有完整超声心动图随访结果的扩张型心肌病患者纳入本研究分析。超声心动图中位随访25个月后,LVEF恢复组的91例(28.3%)患者LVEF恢复正常,其LVEF由基线时32.1%±6.1%明显提高至58.2%±4.9%(P0.01),而LVEF未恢复组的231例未恢复患者LVEF仅增加6.7%±8.3%。多变量Logistic回归分析结果显示,患者入院时心衰病史短(≤6个月vs6个月,OR=0.330,P0.01)、收缩压水平高[每升高10 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa),OR=1.312,P0.01]、心电图QRS间期短(OR=0.979,P0.01)、超声心动图测量的左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)小(OR=0.960,P0.01)、LVEF高(OR=1.063,P0.05)及出院带药应用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂/血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(OR=2.579,P0.05)是扩张型心肌病患者LVEF恢复正常的独立预测因素。生存分析结果显示,LVEF恢复正常患者的长期无心脏移植生存率明显高于未恢复患者(P0.01)。结论:部分扩张型心肌病患者经过标准抗心衰药物治疗后LVEF可以恢复正常,这与患者入院时心衰病史、收缩压水平、心电图QRS间期、超声测量LVEDD和LVEF水平及应用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂/血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂有关。     

心脏再同步化治疗在射血分数降低的心力衰竭患者中超反应的预测因素分析

目的分析心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)在射血分数降低的心力衰竭患者中超反应的预测因素,并观察超反应对患者心功能及预后的影响。方法回顾性分析连续的因心力衰竭于本院植入CRT的患者,以术后6个月随访的左室射血分数(LVEF)测定值≥0.50为标准分为超反应组和非超反应组,通过组间比较以及多因素Logstic回归分析筛选出CRT超反应的独立预测因子。根据术前及术后第1,3和6个月的心脏超声指标LVEF、左室舒张末径(LVEDD)和左室收缩末径(LVESD)以及随访记录到的不良事件,观察超反应对患者心脏结构、心功能以及预后的影响。结果共有43例入选,其中13例(30.2%)出现超反应。与非超反应组相比,超反应组的非缺血性心肌病比例较高(100%vs 63.3%,P=0.032),心力衰竭病程较短[中位病程12(6~90)个月vs 66(24~108)个月,P=0.04],术前基线LVEF较高(0.32±0.04vs 0.27±0.06,P=0.008)。而非缺血性病因(OR=13.580,95%CI 1.154~160.055,P=0.038)和术前基线LVEF在0.30~0.35之间(OR=12.138,95%CI 1.492~80.597,P=0.01)是术后发生超反应的独立预测因子。超反应组术后LVEF、LVEDD和LVESD的改善整体优于非超反应组(P0.001)。超反应组复合终点事件(心力衰竭再住院、恶性心律失常、全因死亡)的发生率低于非超反应组(15.4%vs 56.7%,P=0.012),术后两年的无事件生存率高于非超反应组(log-rank P=0.028)。结论非缺血性心肌病以及术前LVEF相对较高的患者更容易从CRT治疗中获益,且获益主要来源于心脏结构与功能的改善以及不良事件发生率的降低。     

非缺血性扩张性心肌病左心室收缩不同步的预测价值研究

目的运用组织多普勒超声心动图研究左心室收缩不同步在非缺血性扩张型心肌病患者中的预后价值。方法入选62例非缺血性扩张型心肌病患者,所有患者均行心电图、超声心动图(包括组织多普勒超声心动图)及冠状动脉造影,入选患者根据心室内延迟时间(IVD)分为两组:≤65ms(组1,n=10)65ms(组2,n=52),主要终点定义为随访期内的全因死亡。结果组2患者有较长的心室内延迟时间〔(129±68)ms vs(57.5±8.7)ms;P=0.013〕,较高的左束支传导阻滞发生率(30.8%vs 10%;P=0.05),较高的病死率(55.8%vs 10%;P0.05)。组1中1例患者发生心源性猝死;而组2中有12例发生,且其他原因引起的死亡也发生在组2。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示组2患者有较低的生存率(P=0.045),多因素分析显示IVD是惟一具有显著差异的死亡预测因子(P0.05)。结论高IVD是非缺血性扩张型心肌病患者死亡的独立预测因素,这些患者应较早考虑接受心脏再同步化治疗。     

急性心力衰竭患者预后的危险因素分析

目的分析急性心力衰竭(AHF)患者预后的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2017年5月至2019年4月河北邢台市第三医院心内科诊治的AHF患者86例,依据随访6个月结果将其分为预后不良组(随访期间再入院或死亡)、预后良好组(随访期间未再入院),对比两组基线资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析法分析AHF患者预后的危险因素。结果 86例AHF患者均完成6个月随访,10例(11.63%)死于心血管事件,14例(16.28%)因心力衰竭再次入院;预后不良组年龄、脑卒中比例、心房颤动比例、低钠血症比例、心率、左室收缩末内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、美国纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)分级Ⅳ级比例高于预后良好组(χ2/t=3.647、11.000、5.475、4.780、2.413、4.323、2.491、10.072,P <0.05),预后不良组体质量指数、收缩压、左心室射血分数(LVEF)低于预后良好组(t=2.250、2.543、2.906,P <0.05);预后不良组血红蛋白水平低于预后良好组(t=2.341,P <0.05),而N-末端前体脑钠肽(NT-proBNP)、血乳酸、胱抑素C(Cys-C)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平高于预后良好组(t=22.908、21.913、4.566、18.718,P <0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、心房颤动、低钠血症、NYHA分级、NT-proBNP、血乳酸为AHF患者预后的危险因素(OR=1.292,95%CI=1.027~1.625;OR=1.357,95%CI=1.100~1.673;OR=1.259,95%CI=1.061~1.493;OR=1.201,95%CI=1.029~1.402;OR=1.354,95%CI=1.102~1.663;OR=1.335,95%CI=1.074~1.660,P <0.05),而LVEF、血红蛋白为保护因素(OR=0.799,95%CI=0.657~0.972;OR=0.815,95%CI=0.707~0.941,P <0.05)。结论AHF患者预后受年龄、基础疾病、LVEF、心功能分级、NT-proBNP、血乳酸、血红蛋白等因素影响。     

心电图异常对预测扩张型心肌病致慢性心力衰竭患者的预后意义

目的:评价12导联心电图对扩张型心肌病致慢性心力衰竭(心衰)患者预后的预测作用。方法:前瞻性、多中心随访787例扩张型心肌病致慢性心衰患者。通过门诊随诊或电话、信件随访慢性心衰患者的终点事件。用Cox风险比例回归分析确定全因死亡的独立预测因子,对QRS时限是否大于120 ms等心电图指标用Kaplan-Meier曲线进行生存分析(log-rank检验)。结果:随访过程中203例死亡。经Cox回归分析发现心房颤动与全因死亡有关[风险比(HR)=2.064;95%可信区间(CI):1.102~3.864,P0.05];非持续性室性心动过速与全因死亡有关[HR=3.887;95%CI:1.554~9.724,P0.05];QRS时限与全因死亡有关[HR=1.010;95%CI:1.002~1.018,P0.05]。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析显示,以QRS时限分层,不同水平的QRS时限其生存率之间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对扩张型心肌病致慢性心衰患者生存率有影响的心电图指标是心房颤动、非持续性室性心动过速和QRS时限;不同水平QRS时限与生存率之间存在显著差异。     

扩张型心肌病心力衰竭患者血尿素与心房颤动的相关性

目的探讨扩张型心肌病(dilated cardiomyopathy,DCM)心力衰竭(心衰)患者血尿素与心房颤动(房颤)的相关性。方法回顾性收集2007年2月~2017年12月在天津医科大学第二医院心脏科住院的DCM合并心衰患者163例,根据诊断分为非房颤组113例和房颤组50例,记录临床资料及血生化、心电图、心脏超声,采用Spearman分析血尿素与左心房内径(left atrial dimension,LAD)的相关性,非条件logistic回归分析血尿素与房颤的关系。结果与非房颤组比较,房颤组年龄[(63.84±10.00)岁vs(58.87±13.01)岁,P=0.017]、血尿素[7.50(6.18,10.48)mmol/L vs 6.60(5.30,8.70)mmol/L,P=0.010]和校正的QT间期[484.50(475.43,509.08)ms vs471.68(433.05,507.02)ms,P=0.034]显著升高。调整混杂因素后,血尿素以连续性变量分析中,血尿素与房颤显著相关(OR=1.206,95%CI:1.013~1.436,P=0.035);血尿素以分类变量分析中,血尿素≥6.80mmol/L预测房颤的OR值为4.524(95%CI:1.197~17.099,P=0.026)。在LVEF40%患者中,调整混杂因素后,血尿素作为连续性变量预测房颤的OR值为1.268(95%CI:1.032~1.557,P=0.024),血尿素≥6.80mmol/L作为分类变量预测房颤的OR值为6.329(95%CI:1.290~31.036,P=0.023)。在LVEF≥40%患者中,血尿素与房颤无显著相关性(P0.05)。血尿素与LAD显著相关(r=0.200,P=0.019)。结论 DCM心衰患者血尿素与房颤显著相关,特别是LVEF下降患者。     

心电图“掉头”现象与扩张型心肌病患者预后的相关性分析

目的探讨心电图"掉头"现象与扩张型心肌病患者预后的关系。方法入选2015年1月至2019年3月于北京大学首钢医院心内科诊治的扩张型心肌病患者84例,根据12导联常规心电图结果分为"掉头"现象组48例和非"掉头"现象组36例,随访3～31(15.6±8.7)个月,观察、比较两组患者的全因死亡率和室性心律失常发生率差异。结果与非"掉头"现象组比,"掉头"现象组的全因死亡率(16.7%比2.8%,χ2=4.148,P=0.042)、室性心律失常(室性心动过速/心室颤动)发生率(10.4%比0,χ2=3.987,P=0.046)均较高。多变量Cox回归模型分析提示,"掉头"现象是扩张型心肌病全因死亡和室性心律失常的预测因子(OR=1.881,95%CI:1.495～2.873,P=0.029)。结论心电图"掉头"现象与扩张型心肌病患者的不良预后相关,其是扩张型心肌病患者发生全因死亡和室性心律失常的预测因子。     

Effect of left ventricular reverse remodeling on long-term prognosis after therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers and β blockers in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

It remains unknown whether left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling (LVRR) after therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers and β blockers is correlated with prognosis in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Forty-two patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy treated with the therapy were studied. Complete left ventricular reverse remodeling was defined as LV end-diastolic dimension ≤ 55 mm and fractional shortening ≥ 25% at the last echocardiographic assessment. The incidence of complete LVRR was significantly higher in patients who survived than in those who died or underwent heart transplantation. Patients were divided into 3 groups: death or transplantation, alive with complete LVRR, and alive without complete LVRR. Although patients who died or underwent transplantation did not show any LV improvements, those with complete LVRR showed significant improvements at 1 to 6 months after starting the therapy. Patients without complete LVRR also showed small but significant improvements at 1 to 6 months. The decrease in LV end-systolic dimension from the initial value to that at 1 to 6 months was an independent determinant of future cardiac death or transplantation. In conclusion, complete LVRR is related to favorable prognosis in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. The extent of left ventricular reverse remodeling at 1 to 6 months after starting the therapy is predictive of long-term prognosis.     

扩张型心肌病血清心肌钙蛋白I水平测定的临床意义

目的　探讨扩张型心肌病 (DCM)心力衰竭急性加重时心肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平的临床意义。方法　用化学发光免疫分析法测定 42例DCM患者的血清cTnI水平及用超声心动图测量左心室射血分数 (LVEF) ,并与对照组比较。结果　DCM患者血清cTnI水平显著高于对照组 ( 0 .3 11± 0 .3 78vs 0 .0 13± 0 .0 0 9ng/ml,P <0 .0 0 1) ,DCM组中 17例血清cTnI水平升高 ,且cTnI水平与LVEF呈负相关 (P <0 .0 1) ;DCM组中血清cTnI水平高者 6个月死亡率 2 9.4% ,而血清cTnI水平正常者为 4.0 % (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　DCM患者心力衰竭急性加重cTnI水平升高 ,其水平与心力衰竭严重程度呈正相关 ,对判断预后有价值     

Time course of left ventricular reverse remodeling in response to pharmacotherapy: clinical implication for heart failure prognosis in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

The present study aimed to identify the clinical significance of differences in detection timings of left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR) on heart failure (HF) prognosis in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM). We investigated 207 patients with IDCM who underwent pharmacotherapeutic treatment. LVRR was defined as improvements in both LV ejection fraction ≥10 % and indexed LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDDi) ≥10 %. Patients were stratified into 3 groups by LVRR timing: patients with LVRR <24 months (Early LVRR), those with LVRR ≥24 months (Delayed LVRR), and those without LVRR during the entire follow-up period (No LVRR). The major endpoint was first detection of composite event including readmission for decompensated HF, major ventricular arrhythmias, or all-cause mortality. LVRR was recognized in 108 patients (52 %): Early LVRR in 83 (40 %), Delayed LVRR in 25 (12 %), and No LVRR in 99 (48 %). The survival rate for the major endpoint was significantly higher for Delayed LVRR than for No LVRR (P = 0.001); there was no significant difference between Early and Delayed LVRR. Among patients without LVRR <24 months (Delayed + No LVRR), receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for improvement in LVEDDi during the first 6 months for predicting subsequent LVRR (Delayed LVRR) [0.822 (95 % confidence interval, 0.740–0.916; P = 0.038)] was greater than that for improvement in LVEF. In conclusion, LVRR was a favorable prognostic indicator in patients with IDCM irrespective of its detection timing. Reduced LVEDDi during the first 6 months was predictive for subsequent LVRR in the later phase.     

Differences in mechanisms and outcomes of syncope in patients with coronary disease or idiopathic left ventricular dysfunction as assessed by electrophysiologic testing

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the causes of syncope and the significance and differences in left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, coronary disease, and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). BACKGROUND: Risk stratification of and indications for an automated defibrillator could differ according to the cause of LV dysfunction. METHODS: Electrophysiologic study, including atrial and ventricular programmed stimulation, was performed in 119 patients with coronary disease (group I) and 61 patients with DCM (group II) with an left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40% and syncope. Patients were followed from one to six years (mean 4 +/- 2 years). RESULTS: Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) was induced in 44 group I patients (37%) and 13 group II patients (21%); ventricular flutter (>270 beats/min) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced in 24 group I patients (19%) and 9 group II patients (15%); and various other arrhythmias were identified. Syncope remained unexplained in 34 group I patients (30%) and 16 group II patients (27%). Prognosis depended on the heart disease: VT or VF induction was a predictive factor of mortality in coronary disease and identified a group with high cardiac mortality (46%), compared with patients with a negative study, who had a lower mortality (6%; p < 0.001) than in other studies. Cardiac mortality was only correlated with LVEF in DCM. CONCLUSIONS: Various causes could explain syncope in 70% of patients with coronary disease and DCM, but differences were noted: VT was frequent in coronary disease with a bad prognosis, and ischemia could explain syncope; in DCM, different causes such as atrial tachycardia could be responsible for syncope, but the prognosis only depended on LVEF.     

平均血小板体积与血小板体积分布宽度联合对稳定性冠状动脉疾病远期预后的价值

目的:评估入院时平均血小板体积(MPV)及血小板体积分布宽度(PDW)联合对接受择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的稳定性冠状动脉疾病患者远期预后的预测价值。方法:本研究共纳入4293例患者,根据MPV及PDW的中位数,将患者分为3组:低(MPV+PDW)组(n=2019);MPV+PDW异常组(即高MPV+低PDW或低MPV+高PDW,简称MPV+PDW异常组,n=333);高(MPV+PDW)组(n=1941)。应用多因素Cox回归分析比较不同组别与远期预后的相关性。结果:基线资料分析表明,与低(MPV+PDW)组患者相比,高(MPV+PDW)组患者合并糖尿病者更多,左心室射血分数(LVEF)和估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)更低,糖化血红蛋白更高,使用β受体阻滞剂比例更低(P均<0.05)。与低(MPV+PDW)组比较,高(MPV+PDW)组患者心原性死亡率更高[17(0.9%)vs 5(0.2%),P=0.021],全因死亡发生率有升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义[25(1.3%)vs 16(0.8%),P=0.298]。Kaplan-Meier分析表明,高(MPV+PDW)组患者心原性死亡发生率显著高于其他组别(log-rank P=0.022)。多因素Cox回归分析表明,接受PCI的稳定性冠状动脉疾病患者中,高(MPV+PDW)组患者的2年心原性死亡的发生风险显著高于低(MPV+PDW)组患者(HR=3.497,95%CI:1.155~10.586,P=0.027)。结论:在接受择期PCI的稳定性冠状动脉疾病患者中,高MPV高PDW与远期预后不良相关。     

冠状动脉侧支循环在急性心肌梗死的发生率、预测因素及预后研究

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者侧支循环发育良好的发生率、预测因素及其对预后的影响。方法研究共入选1125例成功接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的AMI患者,依据Rentrop分级法分为侧支循环良好组(181例)和侧支循环较差组(944例),比较两组患者基线资料、介入相关指标与预后情况,分析影响侧支循环形成的可能因素。结果AMI患者侧支循环发育良好的比例为16.1%,侧支循环良好组患者糖尿病(23.2%vs.35.2%,P=0.002)和吸烟比例(26.5%vs.37.3%,P=0.005)显著低于侧支循环较差组,心绞痛病程显著长于侧支循环较差组(6.5±3.8 vs.4.2±2.5,P=0.024),SYNTAX评分更高(39.3±14.8 vs.32.2±12.6,P=0.039),PCI相关心肌梗死发生率更低(17.7%vs.26.7,P=0.011),其慢血流/无复流发生率更低(16.6%vs.23.8%,P=0.033)。随访1年,侧支循环良好组心力衰竭发生率(13.8%vs.22.1%,P=0.012)和总MACCE(34.3%vs.48.3%,P=0.001)显著低于侧支循环较差组。多因素回归分析显示目前吸烟(OR=1.329;95%CI:1.029~3.917,P=0.028),糖尿病(OR:2.266;95%CI:1.326~3.924,P=0.044),心绞痛病程(OR=0.769;95%CI:0.567~0.928,P=0.031),SYNTAX评分(OR=0.801;95%CI:0.608~0.937,P=0.046)是侧支循环形成的独立预测因素。结论AMI患者侧支循环发育良好者PCI相关心肌梗死和慢血流/无复流发生率更低,吸烟、糖尿病、心绞痛病程和SYNTAX评分是其独立预测因素。     

QT间期动态性在扩张型心肌病猝死风险预测中的价值

目的 研究QT间期频率依赖性在原发性扩张型心肌病(扩心病)患者猝死风险预测中的作用.方法 选取55例原发性扩心病患者和27例健康志愿者(对照组).询问病史并行心脏超声、心电图和动态心电图检查.检测左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、QT间期离散度(QTd)、心率变异性(SDNN)、QT/RR相关直线的斜率、24 h室性早搏(VPB)和非持续性室性心动过速(NSVT)的次数.随访扩心病患者,随访终点为全因死亡.结果 扩心病组的LVEDD、QTd、VPB、NSVT、QTe/RR(QTe为Q波起始至T波终点的间期)和QTp/RR(QTp为Q波起始至T波顶点的间期)斜率显著高于对照组;LVEF和SDNN显著低于对照组.扩心病猝死组、非猝死组和对照组相比,LVEDD、LVEF、QTd、SDNN、QTe/RR和QTp/RR斜率的差异有统计学意义.扩心病猝死组和非猝死组比较,LVEF、SDNN、QTe/RR和QTp/RR斜率的差异有统计学意义.扩心病NSVT阳性组和NSVT阴性组比较,LVEF、QTd、VPB、QTe/RR和QTp/RR斜率的差异有统计学意义.扩心病患者的猝死率,QTe/RR斜率≥0.210者显著高于＜0.210者(54.5%与21.1%,P＜0.05);QTp/RR斜率≥0.190者显著高于＜0.190者(52.2%与21.9%,P＜0.05);在LVEF≤35%和NSVT阳性的基础上结合应用QTe/RR≥0.210或QTp/RR≥0.190,猝死率显著提高.结论 扩心病猝死组QT/RR斜率显著高于非猝死组和对照组,QT频率依赖性对扩心病患者猝死有较高的预测价值,并可进一步提高NSVT和LVEF的预测价值.     

急性心肌梗死患者心室膨胀瘤的影响因素及其对患者预后的预测价值研究

背景心室膨胀瘤是急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者常见且危险的并发症,可增加主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生风险,影响患者预后,但目前国内外鲜有关于AMI患者心室膨胀瘤影响因素的研究报道。目的探讨AMI患者心室膨胀瘤的影响因素及其对患者预后的影响。方法选取2017年7月—2018年7月空军军医大学第一附属医院收治的AMI患者104例,根据心室膨胀瘤发生情况分为发生组(n=30)和未发生组(n=74)。比较两组患者一般资料〔包括年龄,性别,体质指数(BMI),发病至治疗时间,入院时心率(HR),高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病发生情况,纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)分级,前壁梗死情况,病变血管支数,贫血发生情况,冠状动脉溶栓或介入治疗情况,药物使用史〕、白细胞计数(WBC)及心功能指标〔包括左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)〕、住院期间及出院后1年预后;AMI患者心室膨胀瘤的影响因素分析采用多因素Logistic回归分析;绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)以评价AMI患者心室膨胀瘤的影响因素对AMI患者预后的预测价值。结果(1)两组患者男性比例、BMI、入院时HR、高血压发生率、高脂血症发生率、糖尿病发生率、NYHA分级>Ⅱ级及病变血管支数≥3支者所占比例、贫血发生率、行冠状动脉溶栓或介入治疗及有药物使用史者所占比例、LVEDD、LVESD比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);发生组患者年龄大于未发生组,发病至治疗时间长于未发生组,前壁梗死发生率、WBC高于未发生组,LVEF低于未发生组(P<0.05)。(2)多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄〔OR=2.849,95%CI(2.157,3.365)〕、发病至治疗时间〔OR=3.019,95%CI(2.053,4.162)〕、前壁梗死〔OR=2.408,95%CI(2.214,2.685)〕、WBC〔OR=2.680,95%CI(1.985,2.931)〕、LVEF〔OR=3.047,95%CI(2.013,4.121)〕是AMI患者心室膨胀瘤的影响因素(P<0.05)。(3)发生组患者住院期间预后不良者所占比例高于未发生组(P<0.05)。绘制ROC曲线发现,年龄、发病至治疗时间、前壁梗死、WBC、LVEF预测AMI患者住院期间预后不良的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.798、0.745、0.712、0.823、0.861。(4)发生组患者出院后1年预后不良者所占比例高于未发生组(P<0.05)。绘制ROC曲线发现,年龄、发病至治疗时间、前壁梗死、WBC、LVEF预测AMI患者出院后1年预后不良的AUC分别为0.701、0.734、0.796、0.772、0.812。结论高龄、发病至治疗时间延长、前壁梗死、高WBC、低LVEF是AMI患者心室膨胀瘤的危险因素,且上述因素对AMI患者短期预后具有一定预测价值。     

Frequency, prognosis and predictors of improvement of systolic left ventricular function in patients with 'classical' clinical diagnosis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) of different aetiologies, a variable frequency of improvement in the left ventricular (LV) systolic function has been reported, while in patients with a 'classic' idiopathic DCM, the frequency of improvement is still under debate, and clinical and haemodynamic predictors of recovery of the LV function are needed. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of improvement in the LV systolic function in idiopathic DCM and to identify predictors of reversibility of the impaired LV contractility. A sample of 98 consecutive patients with idiopathic DCM was retrospectively evaluated. Echocardiographic and Doppler measurements were directly taken from the routine echo-report. LV systolic function was assessed semiquantitatively using a score index (SFSI). According to the improvement in the LV systolic function, the patients were divided into group 1 patients with improvement, and group 2 patients without improvement. During a follow-up of at least 12 months, 19 patients (19%) showed an improvement, with a significant increase in the mean SFSI; all these group 1 patients survived without heart transplant; in group 2, 18 patients (23%) died and 3 (4%) received a heart transplant. Patients in group 1 had a significantly shorter duration of symptoms (P=0.0045), a younger age (P=0.006), a shorter DtE (P=0.04), a lower SFSI (P<0.01), a worse NYHA class (P<0.001) and more frequently had a history of hypertension (P<0.0001). The same variables were significant predictors of improvement at the univariate analysis. At the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a shorter duration of symptoms (P=0.02), a history of hypertension (P=0.003), and a worse NYHA class (P=0.01) were independent predictors of improvement. A relatively large percentage of patients with an idiopathic DCM will have a marked improvement in the LV systolic function. This is more likely to happen in the presence of a short duration of symptoms and a history of hypertension. After an improvement, the prognosis is excellent.     

老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者左心室血栓形成的发生率、预测因素、治疗策略和预后研究

目的 探讨老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者左心室附壁血栓(LVT)的发生率、预测因素、治疗策略和预后情况.方法 连续入选415例接受急诊介入治疗的老年STEMI患者,超声心动图检查存在LVT患者归为LVT组(36例),采用简单随机的方法从非LVT患者中抽取1:2的患者进行配比作为非LVT组(72例).对患...