单核细胞趋化蛋白-1在兔食饵性动脉粥样硬化病变中的表达

为了探讨单核细胞趋化蛋白－１（ｍｏｎｏｃｙｔｅｃｈｅｍｏａｔｔｒａｃｔａｎｔｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ－１，ＭＣＰ－１）在动脉粥样硬化病变中的表达情况，以含胆固醇饲料复制家兔高脂血症和动脉粥样硬化模型。用Ｐ末端标记的单核细胞趋化蛋白－１寡核苷酸探针检测斑块组织中单核细胞趋化蛋白－１ｍＲＡＮ的表达，夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测培养的斑块平滑肌细胞条件培养基中单核细胞趋化蛋白－１含量，免疫组织化学法观察斑块组织细胞中单核细胞趋化蛋白－１的表达。结果发现，动脉粥样硬化病变组织表达单核细胞趋化蛋白－１ｍＲＮＡ的积分光密度值（４．１５）为对照组（０．３８）的１０．７倍。培养的斑块平滑肌细胞条件培养基中单核细胞趋化蛋白－１含量（１０．０±０．８ｇ／Ｌ）明显高于正常平滑肌细胞条件培养基（７．０±０．７ｇ／Ｌ）和非条件培养基（６．４±０．７ｇ／Ｌ），差异有极显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。免疫组织化学发现，斑块中的内皮细胞、巨噬细胞源泡沫细胞和增殖的平滑肌细胞均不同程度地表达单核细胞趋化蛋白－１，以巨噬细胞源泡沫细胞表达最强。此结果提示在高脂血症时，参与动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的细胞处于相当活跃状态，均能产生和分泌单核细胞趋化蛋白－１。     

单核细胞趋化蛋白-1对其表面淋巴细胞功能相关抗原-1、清道夫受体和载脂蛋白E表达的影响及雌二醇的干预作用

为研究单核细胞趋化蛋白－１对单核细胞表面淋巴细胞功能相关抗原－１、清道夫受体和载脂蛋白Ｅ表达的影响,采用培养人单核细胞株ＴＨＰ－１细胞,以间接免疫荧光法结合流式细胞术和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜分别检测淋巴细胞功能相关抗原－１和清道夫受体蛋白的表达,用逆转录－多聚酶链反应检测清道夫受体和载脂蛋白Ｅ ｍＲＮＡ的表达水平。结果显示,在单核细胞趋化蛋白－１刺激组淋巴细胞功能相关抗原－１和清道夫受体蛋白的表达明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）;１７－β－雌二醇可抑制单核细胞趋化蛋白－１对ＴＨＰ－１细胞表面淋巴细胞功能相关抗原－１表达的促进作用（Ｐ〈０．０５）,但对单核细胞趋化蛋白－１促进清道夫受体表达的作用无明显影响;单核细胞趋化蛋白－１明显促进ＴＨＰ－１细胞清道夫受体ｍＲＮＡ的表达,而对载脂蛋白Ｅ ｍＲＮＡ的表达无明显影响。研     

表达反义单核细胞趋化蛋白-1的重组逆转录病毒对家兔动脉平滑肌单核细胞趋化蛋白-1基因表达的影响

为研究反义单核细胞趋化蛋白－１ 转基因表达对单核细胞进入动脉壁的作用,首先构建了表达反义单核细胞趋化蛋白－ １ 基因的逆转录病毒重组体,并观察它在培养的细胞中的表达。将家兔单核细胞趋化蛋白－ １ ｃＤＮＡ 反向插入到ｐＬＮＣＸ,构成ＬＮＣＸ－ａｎｔｉ－ ＭＣＰ－１ 重组病毒质粒。再将重组质粒转染φ－２ 细胞,继以φ－ ２ 细胞产生的病毒上清感染ＰＡ３１７细胞,取得Ｇ４１８ＰＡ３１７ 抗细胞克隆。上述细胞经扩增培养,收集病毒上清并感染ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３ 细胞后进行检测。结果发现,病毒的滴度为５．６×１０７ ＣＦＵＬ,感染的ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３ 细胞中有重组病毒的整合。重组病毒感染培养的家兔动脉平滑肌细胞后,用聚合酶链反应检测发现,感染的平滑肌细胞基因组ＤＮＡ中有重组病毒整合;ＲＮＡｓｌｏｔ 杂交结果显示,感染的平滑肌细胞中有反义单核细胞趋化蛋白－１ 的表达,与未感染的平滑肌细胞相比,感染的平滑肌细胞中单核细胞趋化蛋白－ １ ｍＲＮＡ 的表达明显受到抑制。结果提示,反义单核细胞趋化蛋白－ １ 逆转录病毒表达载体在培养的动脉平滑肌中能表达反义基因并抑制靶基因的表达,为进一步开展体内实验研究奠定了基础     

氧化型脂蛋白诱导血管平滑肌细胞表达单核细胞趋化蛋白-1

为了解脂蛋白对平滑肌细胞的单核细胞趋化蛋白-1mRNA和蛋白表达的影响，在牛主动脉平滑肌细胞培养基中分别加入低密度脂蛋白、氧化型低密度脂蛋白、极低密度脂蛋白和氧化型极低密度脂蛋白，培养24h，用异硫氰酸胍法提取细胞的总RNA，用γ-32P末端标记的单核细胞趋化蛋白-1的寡核苷酸探针进行狭缝杂交分析，检测平滑肌细胞的单核细胞趋化蛋白-1mRNA的表达。同时用夹心酶联免疫吸附试验检测条件培养基中单核细胞趋化蛋白-1的蛋白含量。结果发现。培养的牛主动脉平滑肌细胞能表达单核细胞趋化蛋白-1mRNA及蛋白，氧化型低密度脂蛋白和氧化型极低密度脂蛋白使其单核细胞趋化蛋白-1mRNA的表达明显增强，同时也使其条件培养基中单核细胞趋化蛋白-1的蛋白水平增加，而低密度脂蛋白和极低密度脂蛋白仅使平滑肌细胞中单核细胞趋化蛋白-1mRNA和蛋白的表达轻度增加。提示氧化型低密度脂蛋白和氧化型极低密度脂蛋白能诱导平滑肌细胞表达高水平的单核细胞趋化蛋白-1。     

心肌缺血预适应对缩小心肌梗塞范围的临床研究

用培养的兔腹腔巨噬细胞条件培养基作为趋化因子的来源，用改良的Ｂｏｙｄｅｎ小室微孔滤膜法进行单核细胞趋化试验，观察了兔腹腔巨噬细胞条件培养基对单核细胞的趋化作用和抗单核细胞趋化蛋白－１（ｍｏｎｏｃｙｔｅｃｈｅｍｏａｔｔｒａｃｔａｎｔｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ－１，ＭＣＰ－１）抗体对单核细胞迁移的影响。同时用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ分析方法检测了ＭＣＰ－１ｍＲＮＡ在该巨噬细胞的表达。结果显示，该条件培养基对单核细胞有明显的趋化作用，并被抗ＭＣＰ－１抗体所抑制。同时该巨噬细胞也能表达ＭＣＰ－１ｍＲＮＡ。这提示，巨噬细胞能分泌ＭＣＰ－１，并招引单核细胞迁入内皮下间隙，从而在动脉粥样硬化的发病过程中发挥重要的作用。     

家兔腹腔巨噬细胞能产生单核细胞趋化蛋白-1

用培养的兔腹有空巨噬细胞条件培养基作为趋化因子的来源，用改良的Ｂｏｙｄｅｎ小室微孔滤膜法进行单核细胞趋化试验，观察了兔腹腔巨噬细胞条件培养基对单核细胞的趋化作用和抗单核细胞趋化蛋白－１抗体对单核细胞迁移的影响，同时用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分析方法检测了ＭＣＰ－１ ｍＲＮＡ在该巨噬细胞的表达。结果显示，该条件培养基对单核细胞有明显的趋化作用，并被抗ＭＣＰ－１抗体所抑制，同时该巨噬细胞也能表达ＭＣ     

氯沙坦对血管平滑肌细胞内单核细胞趋化因子-1表达的影响

为了探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂氯沙坦对血管平滑肌细胞内单核细胞趋化蛋白 1表达的影响 ,以培养幼兔主动脉平滑肌细胞为研究对象 ,分别给予不同浓度血管紧张素Ⅱ和 或血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂氯沙坦 ,采用免疫组织化学、原位杂交与酶联免疫吸附技术检测不同处理组平滑肌细胞内单核细胞趋化蛋白 1蛋白及其mR NA表达和平滑肌细胞培养介质中单核细胞趋化蛋白 1含量的变化。结果发现 ,10 - 6 ～ 10 - 1 0 mol L血管紧张素Ⅱ呈剂量依赖性地增加平滑肌细胞内单核细胞趋化蛋白 1蛋白及其mRNA表达水平 ,增高培养介质中单核细胞趋化蛋白 1蛋白含量 (P均 <0 .0 0 1)。 10 - 5 ～ 10 - 7mol L氯沙坦预处理使血管紧张素Ⅱ刺激的平滑肌细胞内单核细胞趋化蛋白 1蛋白及其mRNA表达水平及培养介质中单核细胞趋化蛋白 1蛋白含量明显减低 (P均 <0 .0 0 1)。以上结果提示 ,氯沙坦可拮抗血管紧张素Ⅱ所致的平滑肌细胞内单核细胞趋化蛋白 1的表达与分泌 ,这可能有助于减轻或防治某些病理状态下血管平滑肌细胞的增殖与迁移。     

白细胞介素-1β上行调节兔血管平滑肌细胞极低密度脂蛋白受体mRNA的表达

为了研究血管平滑肌细胞是否表达极低密度脂蛋白受体ｍＲＮＡ，采用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分析法检测培养兔主动脉平滑肌细胞表达极低密度脂蛋白受体ｍＲＮＡ的情况。结果发现，培养兔主动脉平滑肌细胞可以表达极低密度脂蛋白受体ｍＲＮＡ；而且，细胞因子白细胞介素－１β能使表达增强约２倍。提示极低密度脂蛋白受体有可能参与动脉平滑肌细胞源性泡沫细胞；白细胞介素－１β上行调节平滑肌细胞表达极低密度脂蛋白受体ｍＲＮＡ     

氧化修饰的低密度脂蛋白和极密度脂蛋白对兔腹腔巨噬单核细胞趋化蛋白－1 mRNA表达的影响

氧化修饰的低密度脂蛋白和极密度脂蛋白对兔腹腔巨噬单核细胞趋化蛋白－１ｍＲＮＡ表达的影响王国平，邓仲端，瞿智玲（武汉同济医科大学病理学教研室，４３００３０）近年来的研究表明，单核细胞趋化蛋白－１（ｍｏｎｏｃｙｔｅｃｈｅｍｏａｔｔｒａｃｔａｎｐｒｏｔｅｉ...     

单核细胞趋化因子1和Fractalkine对平滑肌细胞增殖、趋化和组织因子表达的影响

目的观察趋化因子单核细胞趋化因子1和Fractalkine对血管平滑肌细胞组织因子表达及血管平滑肌细胞增殖和趋化的影响。方法在细胞水平,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测单核细胞趋化因子1、Fractalkine和单核细胞趋化因子1 Fractalkine对组织因子抗原表达的影响,噻唑蓝法比较单核细胞趋化因子1、Fractalkine和单核细胞趋化因子1 Fractalkine对血管平滑肌细胞增殖的作用,细胞趋化实验比较单核细胞趋化因子1、Fractalkine和单核细胞趋化因子1 Fractalkine对血管平滑肌细胞趋化的影响。结果单核细胞趋化因子1和Fractalkine可增加血管平滑肌细胞组织因子抗原的表达,单核细胞趋化因子1与Fractalkine共同作用后,组织因子抗原表达量较二者单独作用时明显降低。Fractalkine对血管平滑肌细胞有明显的促增殖作用,但单核细胞趋化因子1 Fractalkine和单核细胞趋化因子1均无明显促增殖作用。Fractalkine和单核细胞趋化因子1 Fractalkine对血管平滑肌细胞有明显的趋化作用,而单核细胞趋化因子1的趋化作用不够明显。结论单核细胞趋化因子1和Fractalkine在动脉粥样硬化过程中分别对血管平滑肌细胞组织因子的表达、增殖和趋化发挥了不同程度的作用。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.