伊维菌素和阿苯达唑伍用驱除肠道线虫感染的效果观察

目的 观察伊维菌素和阿苯达唑伍用治疗肠道线虫感染的效果。方法 采用国产伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑(6mg+200mg)(14岁以下儿童剂量减半)分别治疗蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染者,同时用阿苯达唑400mg治疗钩虫、鞭虫感染者、用伊维菌素12mg治疗钩虫、蛲虫感染者作为对照。结果 伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑治疗蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染者的虫卵阴转率分别为100.00％(30/30)、86.67％(26/30)、88.24％(30/34)和97.62％(41/42);阿苯达唑对照组钩虫和鞭虫的虫卵阴转率分别为70.58％(24/34)和47.06％(16/34),伊维菌素对照治疗组钩虫、蛲虫虫卵阴转率分别为46.15％(12/26)和57.14％(16/28)。伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑的不良反应发生率低而轻,对血象、肝肾功能和心电图无明显影响。结论 国产伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑治疗钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染效果显著,对鞭虫疗效明显优于阿苯达唑,对钩虫、蛲虫疗效明显优于伊维菌素,并且有排虫快、不良反应少而轻等优点。     

三苯双脒肠溶片治疗肠道线虫感染的效果观察

目的观察三苯双脒 (Tribendimidine)肠溶片对钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫和蛲虫感染的驱虫效果。方法对单纯钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染或混合感染者共 42 4例进行分组 ,观察成人服用单剂三苯双脒 40 0 mg治疗钩虫感染 ,3 0 0 mg治疗蛔虫感染 ,40 0 mg连服 3 d治疗鞭虫感染 ,1 4岁以下儿童顿服三苯双脒 2 0 0 mg治疗蛲虫感染 ,及同等剂量的对照药物阿苯达唑 (蛔虫感染 40 0 mg)的驱虫效果及不良反应。结果三苯双脒和阿苯达唑治疗钩虫感染虫卵阴转率分别为 87.93 % (5 1 /5 8)和 66.0 3 % (3 5 /5 3 ) ;蛔虫感染的阴转率分别为 98.3 0 % (5 8/5 9)和97.87% (4 6/4 7) ;鞭虫感染的阴转率分别为 3 3 .3 3 % (2 5 /75 )和 5 6.0 9% (2 3 /4 1 ) ;儿童蛲虫感染的阴转率分别为 77.5 8% (4 5 /5 8)和 93 .93 % (3 1 /3 3 )。结论　三苯双脒治疗钩虫、蛔虫感染有显著疗效 ,治疗鞭虫和蛲虫感染有疗效 ,但虫卵阴转率较低。该药还有服用简便、不良反应少而轻等优点     

日本血吸虫病与肠线虫病联合化疗的效果

血吸虫病人合并感染肠线虫者(A组)采取;吡喹酮40mg/kg加阿苯达唑200mg和复方甲苯咪唑400mg(尚含左旋咪唑100mg)分2d顿服,1个半月后血吸虫阴转率88.0％,蛔虫、鞭虫和钩虫阴转率分别为77.4％、23.6％及100.0％。对不合并血吸虫病的肠线虫病患者采取两种联合化疗方案:B组—阿苯达唑200mg和复方甲苯咪唑200mg(尚含左旋咪唑50mg)顿服,蛔虫、鞭虫和钩虫的阴转率分别为66.7％、18.8％和62.5％,较A组结果稍低;C组—阿苯达唑100mg和噻嘧啶900mg顿服的驱虫效果差,蛔虫和鞭虫的阴转率分别为50.0％及11.1％。3种驱虫方案对血吸虫和蛔虫的减卵率可达97.0％～99.9％;对钩虫的减卵率达68.9％～100％;对鞭虫的效果差。相应增加药物的剂量及改进服法,当可提高疗效。     

新药三苯双脒治疗蛔虫、鞭虫和蛲虫感染的临床观察

为观察三苯双脒(Tribendimidine)治疗蛔虫、鞭虫和蛲虫感染的效果及副作用,对成人蛔虫感染者和鞭虫感染者随机分组,比较服用单剂三苯双脒300mg和单剂阿苯达唑400 mg驱除蛔虫的效果;比较用单剂三苯双脒400mg,每日一次,连服3天和阿苯达唑同样剂量和疗程驱除鞭虫的效果;对儿童蛲虫感染者(6～8岁)用单剂三苯双脒200 mg和阿苯达唑200 mg顿服的驱虫效果进行比较.结果表明:成人服用三苯双脒300mg驱蛔虫的虫卵阴转率为97.43%,阿苯达唑为98.91%,两者无显著性差异;三苯双脒驱鞭虫的虫卵阴转率为33.33%,阿苯达唑为56.09%.三苯双脒200 mg驱蛲虫的虫卵阴转率为81.57%,阿苯达唑为92.23%.三苯双脒驱虫作用迅速,副作用轻,对血象、肝、肾功能和心电图无明显影响.认为三苯双脒具有广谱、安全、快速驱肠道线虫新药.     

伊维菌素和阿苯达唑伍用驱除肠道线虫感染的效果观察

目的 观察伊维菌素和阿苯达唑伍用治疗肠道线虫感染的效果。方法 采用国产伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑(6mg 200mg)(14岁以下儿童剂量减半)分别治疗蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染者，同时用阿苯达唑400mg治疗钩虫、鞭虫感染者、用伊维菌素12mg治疗钩虫、蛲虫感染者作为对照。结果 伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑治疗蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染者的虫卵阴转率分别为100．00％(30／30)、86．67％(26／30)、88．24％(30／34)和97．62％(41／42)；阿苯达唑对照组钩虫和鞭虫的虫卵阴转率分别为70．58％(24／34)和47．06％(16／34)，伊维菌素对照治疗组钩虫、蛲虫虫卵阴转率分别为46．15％(12／26)和57．14％(16／28)。伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑的不良反应发生率低而轻，对血象、肝肾功能和心电图无明显影响。结论 国产伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑治疗钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染效果显著，对鞭虫疗效明显优于阿苯达唑，对钩虫、蛲虫疗效明显优于伊维菌素，并且有排虫快、不良反应少而轻等优点。     

伊维菌素和阿苯达唑伍用治疗钩虫、鞭虫感染的疗效观察

目的　观察伊维菌素和阿苯达唑伍用驱治钩虫和鞭虫感染的疗效。　方法　用伊维菌素 6mg和 12mg分别伍用阿苯达唑 2 0 0mg顿服治疗钩虫感染者 ,伊维菌素 12mg伍用阿苯达唑 2 0 0mg顿服治疗鞭虫感染者 ;同时 ,用阿苯达唑40 0mg顿服分别治疗钩虫和鞭虫感染者。用虫卵阴转率评价疗效。　结果　 6mg和 12mg伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑治疗钩虫感染者 ,其虫卵阴转率分别为 93 .3 %和 95 .5 % ,12mg伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑治疗鞭虫感染者 ,其虫卵阴转率为 94.3 % ;而单用阿苯达唑治疗钩虫和鞭虫感染者 ,其虫卵阴转率分别为 66.7%和 47.1%。　结论　伊维菌素和阿苯达唑伍用驱治钩虫和鞭虫感染的效果良好 ,两药有协同作用 ,而不良反应轻微、短暂。     

三苯双脒治疗肠道线虫感染的临床研究

目的观察三苯双醚治疗人体肠道线虫感染的临床效果及其副作用。方法180例2岁以上钩虫、蛔虫、蛲虫和鞭虫单独或混合感染者分组分别用三苯双醚和阿苯达唑治疗。成人及14岁以下儿童的钩虫和蛲虫感染者分别给三苯双醚40mg和200mg,蛔虫感染者给三苯双醚300mg,鞭虫感染者每天400mg三苯双醚,连续3天。各感染对照组均给予阿苯达唑400mg。同时观察三苯双醚及阿苯达唑的临床治疗的副作用。结果三苯双醚和阿苯达唑对钩虫感染的治愈率分别为73.9%(17/25)and50.0%(9/18)。两药物对蛔虫感染的治愈率分别为85.7%(18/21)and90%(10/11)。两药对蛲虫感染的治愈率分别为84.9%(28/33)and100.0%(18/18)。三苯双醚的临床副作用轻微,对外周血象,肝、肾功能及心电图没有显著的影响。结论三苯双醚对钩虫、蛔虫和蛲虫感染有显著的疗效,对鞭虫作用较差。     

土源性线虫感染的化学治疗研究

在湖南省衡山县对常用驱虫药的疗效进行了研究。所用药物为阿苯达唑(400mg,单剂)、复方甲苯达唑(甲苯达唑100mg和左旋咪唑25mg bid×3d)、复方噻嘧啶(噻嘧啶与酚嘧啶各150mg,bid×2d)及噻嘧啶(10mg基质/kg,单剂)。给药后2wk的疗效显示前3种药物剂量组蛔虫感染者治愈率(CR)为97.5—100.0％,后者为80.9％;对钩虫感染者的CR分别为95.4％、78.6—100％、96.7％和83.3％,服药后4wk复查显示上述4个药物剂量组的CR无显著性差异。根据对鞭虫感染的CR来判断,以复方噻嘧啶为佳(89.3％),其次为复方甲苯达唑(64.6—83.8％),阿苯达唑再次之(28.2—42.6％),噻嘧啶无效。上述药物除噻嘧啶外,治疗鞭虫感染时虫卵减少率均显著。     

阿苯达唑和甲苯达唑对土源性线虫虫卵的作用

本实验观察了阿苯达唑和甲苯达唑对土源性线虫虫卵的作用。根据感染度将26名粪检蛔虫卵、鞭虫卵阳性和24名钩虫卵阳性的学龄儿童均分为两组:组Ⅰ,阿苯达唑400mg,一次顿服;组Ⅱ,甲苯达唑100mg,2次/天,连服3天。收集儿童服药前一天、服药后连续7天(蛔虫、鞭虫感染者)或10天(钩虫感染者)的粪便。用盐水漂浮法分离鞭虫卵     

新抗蠕虫剂

本文讨论了一些正在研究的抗蠕虫剂,以了解这些药物将来的临床应用的潜力。阿苯达唑:大量的临床试验表明,阿苯达唑是一个单剂量治疗有效的抗人体蛔虫,美洲钩虫、十二指肠钩虫、鞭虫和蛲虫药物,对其它一些线虫、绦虫也有一定的疗效,并对蛔虫、钩虫和线虫的虫卵以及美洲钩虫的移行期幼虫有效。阿苯达唑为口服片剂。采用1天或3天疗法。成人总剂量为400mg(200mg×2次/天),12岁以下儿童总剂量为200mg     

Low efficacy of mebendazole against hookworm in Vietnam: two randomized controlled trials

Vietnam is participating in a global de-worming effort that aims to treat 650 million school children regularly by 2010. The treatment used in Vietnam is single dose oral mebendazole (Phardazone) 500 mg. We tested the efficacy of single dose mebendazole 500 mg in the therapy of hookworm infection in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among 271 Vietnamese schoolchildren. The treatment efficacy of single dose mebendazole in children did not differ significantly from placebo, with a reduction in mean eggs per gram of feces relative to placebo of 31% (95% CI -9 to 56%, P = 0.1). In light of these findings we then carried out a similar randomized trial comparing triple dose mebendazole, single dose albendazole, and triple dose albendazole against placebo in 209 adults in the same area. The estimated reduction in mean post-treatment eggs per gram of feces relative to placebo was 63% (95% CI 30-81%) for triple mebendazole, 75% (47-88%) for single albendazole, and 88% (58-97%) for triple albendazole. Our results suggest that single dose oral mebendazole has low efficacy against hookworm infection in Vietnam, and that it should be replaced by albendazole. These findings are of major public health relevance given the opportunity costs of treating entire populations with ineffective therapies. We recommend that efficacy of anti-helminth therapies is pilot tested before implementation of national gut worm control programs.     

联合化疗对人体内肠线虫卵作用的研究

选用阿苯达唑３００ｍｇ伍用复方甲苯达唑３７５ｍｇ１．５ｄ联合疗法分别治疗蛔虫感染者７例、鞭虫感染者７例和钩虫感染者９例。治后３ｄ内粪检蛔虫卵全部转阴，鞭虫卵和钩虫卵亦于治后５ｄ内全部转阴。连续粪便培养发现，治后虫卵发育率较治前明显降低，治后２ｄ对蛔虫、鞭虫和钩虫的杀卵率分别达９８．８％、１００％和１００％。研究结果表明，联合化疗具较强的体内驱虫杀卵作用。     

Current status of the efficacy and effectiveness of albendazole and mebendazole for the treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides in North-Western Indonesia

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and effectiveness of albendazole and mebendazole in the treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides) in the North-Western Indonesia.Methods229 primary school children who were positive for A. lumbricoides in their stool were recruited in the study. 123 children received single-dose of 400 mg albendazole and 106 children received single-dose 500 mg of mebendazole. After 1 week, their stools were examined for the cure rate (CR) and egg reduction rate (ERR). Egg culture was also performed and observation was made on week?1, ?3, ?4.Resultshave shown a non-significant difference in CR 96.7% vs. 100% and ERR of 99.3% vs. 100.0% for albendazole and mebendazole groups respectively (P>0.05). In-vitro egg culture has shown trends of decrease in the percentage of the unfertilized eggs and in ? 2 cell eggs in both treatment groups (P<0.05). The embryonated eggs from the albendazole groups has shown an increase from 7.3% on week-1 to 13.8% on week-4, whilst the mebendazole group has shown a constant increase during the whole 4 weeks of culture from 7.5% to 28.3% (P<0.01).ConclusionsNo evidence of drug resistance is noted so far from the area of North-Western part of Indonesia. In addition, although both drugs showed incomplete ovicidal effects, single-dose albendazole is better than mebendazole in sterilizing A. lumbricoides eggs.     

复方阿苯达唑驱除肠道线虫的现场观察

目的：观察复方阿苯达唑（每片含阿苯达唑６７ｍｇ和噻嘧啶８３．３ｍｇ基质）的驱虫效果。方法：对成人钩虫感染者１８６４例、蛔虫感染者１５６８例和鞭虫感染者１７８５例及儿童蛲虫感染者３７３例，随机分组，比较服用单剂复方阿苯达唑３片或２片与单剂阿苯达唑４００ｍｇ或噻嘧啶３０ｍｇ（含基质１０ｍｇ）／ｋｇ的驱虫效果和副作用。结果：成人复方阿苯达唑３片和２片的虫卵阴转率，钩虫分别为６５．０％和５２．７％（Ｐ＜０．０１），蛔虫均为１００％，鞭虫分别为２６．５％和１９．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。３片的驱钩虫效果显著优于阿苯达唑和噻嘧啶组（Ｐ均＜０．０１）。２片的驱钩虫效果亦优于噻嘧啶（Ｐ＜０．０１），与阿苯达唑无显著性差异，但驱鞭虫效果低于阿苯达唑。２－６岁儿童服复方阿苯达唑１．５片的，蛲虫卵阴转率为１００％，显著优于噻嘧啶（Ｐ＜０．０１）。复方阿苯达唑的驱虫作用快速，副作用轻，对血象、肝肾功能和心电图无显著影响。结论：复方阿苯达唑具有阿苯达唑和噻嘧啶两药的协同作用。     

A randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial on the efficacy of ivermectin against intestinal nematode infections in China

To assess the efficacy of ivermectin against intestinal nematode infections, a randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial was carried out in a total of 816 human individuals infected with different nematodes from three counties in China. The subjects were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups and orally given a single dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.2 and 0.2mg/kg ivermectin against Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura and Enterobius vermicularis, respectively. Parallel control groups to each of the ivermectin groups were given a single oral dose of 6.7 mg/kg albendazole. The cure rates with ivermectin and albendazole were 100% (102/102) and 99.0% (101/102) for Ascaris, and 66.7% (68/102) and 67.7% (69/102) for Trichuris, respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05) between the two treatments. The parasitological cure rates of albendazole were 69.6% (71/102) for hookworm and 94.1% (96/102) for Enterobius, which were significantly higher than ivermectin (33.3% and 52.9%, respectively, P<0.0001). The expulsion of worm in the feces reached its peak 1-2 days after ivermectin treatment. The study showed that ivermectin, with few side effects, could be used as an additional treatment tool for intestinal nematodes, especially for the treatment of Ascaris and Trichuris infections in China.     

Strongyloides stercoralis infection and chronological changes of other soil-transmitted helminthiases in an endemic area of southern Thailand

A field survey was conducted in 4 primary schools in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, southern Thailand. By Sasa modified Harada-Mori cultivation method, 1.8% of the schoolchildren were found to be infected with Strongyloides stercoralis, and 25.1% had hookworm infection. By Kato's thick smear method, the overall prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths was 46.8%, being Trichuris trichiura 28.5%, hookworm 18.0%, and Ascaris lumbricoides 5.7%. Fecal examination, performed by Kato's thick smear and culture method, indicated that the prevalence of hookworm infection was 26.9%. The prevalence in the present study was very much lower than many previous reports in the past decade. This may indicate the partial success of the parasite control project in Thailand by mass treatment, improving the sanitation and personal hygiene of the people in the endemic area. In light infection with Trichuris, albendazole administered at a dosage of 200 mg daily for 3 days showed a 48.7% cure rate. When mebendazole was given at 100 mg twice daily for 3 days, its effectiveness was 88.5%. A lower cure rate was obtained (70.0%) in moderate to heavy infection.     

Effect of single-dose albendazole and single-dose mebendazole on Necator americanus

One hundred two children (43 males and 59 females) aged 6 to 14 years with positive stool examination by Kato-Katz and/or Harada-Mori culture techniques for N. americanus, were randomly divided into two groups. Group I with 48 children were treated with a single dose albendazole, 400 mg. Group II, 54 children, received a single dose mebendazole, 600 mg. After treatment, repeated stool examination was performed on Day 14, Day 21 and Day 28. The children were considered cured when stool examination was negative on all three occasions by both methods. The cure rate was 64% in Group I and 11% in Group II. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The eggs reduction rate was 98% in Group I and 95% in Group II. Mild and transient side effects such as nausea, dizziness and headache were observed in both groups. Albendazole, 400 mg, as a single dose treatment was shown to be superior to mebendazole, 600 mg, single dose for the mass treatment of hookworm infection, especially that of Necator americanus, in an endemic area.     

Soil-transmitted nematode infections and mebendazole treatment in Mafia Island schoolchildren

In August 2000, a cross-sectional study was performed to assess the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted nematode infections in schoolchildren on Mafia Island. Hookworm infection was widespread (72.5% prevalence) whereas Trichuris trichiura was less prevalent (39.7%) and Ascaris lumbricoides was present at a low prevalence (4.2%), mainly in urban areas. In a subsample of the study population, both Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale were found, although N. americanus was more prevalent. This survey was followed by a parasitological evaluation of mebendazole treatment using a single, 500-mg dose. The data on outcome were used for comparison with those from recent studies of similar treatment regimens in the neighbouring island of Pemba, Zanzibar, where periodic chemotherapy with mebendazole to schoolchildren has been implemented as part of a helminth-control programme since 1994. A higher efficacy of mebendazole against hookworm infection was found in Mafia Island (where a cure 'rate' of 31.3% and an egg-reduction 'rate' of 78.1% were recorded) when compared with that observed in Pemba Island, possibly indicating that hookworms may be developing mebendazole resistance on Pemba Island as a result of intense exposure to the drug there.