Chronic hepatitis B serum promotes apoptotic damage in human renal tubular cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of the serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro and to study the role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN). METHODS: The levels of serum TGF-β1 were measured by specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and HBV DNA was tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 44 patients with CHB ,and 20 healthy persons as the control. The normal human kidney proximal tubular cell (HK-2) was cultured together with the sera of healthy persons, CHB patients with HBV-DNA nega-tive(20 cases) and HBV-DNA positive (24 cases) for up to 72 h. Apoptosis and Fas expression of the HK-2 were detected by flow cytometer. RESULTS: The apoptosis rate and Fas expression of HK-2 cells were significantly higher in HBV DNA positive serum group 19.01±5.85% and 17.58±8.35%, HBV DNA negative serum group 8.12±2.80% and 6.96±2.76% than those in control group 4.25±0.65% and 2.33±1.09%, respectively (P < 0.01). The apoptosis rate and Fas expression of HK-2 in HBV DNA positive serum group was significantly higher than those in HBV DNA negative serum (P < 0.01). Apoptosis rate of HK-2 cells in HBV DNA positive serum group was positively correlated with the level of HBV-DNA (r = 0.657). The level of serum TGF-β1 in CHB group was 163.05±91.35μg/L, significantly higher as compared with 81.40±40.75μg/L in the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B promotes apoptotic damage in human renal tubular cells by triggering a pathway of Fas up-regula-tion. HBV and TGF-β1 may play important roles in the mechanism of hepatitis B virus associated glomerulone-phritis.     

Expression of annexin A5 in serum and tumor tissue of patients with colon cancer and its clinical significance

AIM To investigate the expression of annexin A5 in serum and tumor tissue of patients with colon cancer and to analyze its clinical significance.METHODS Ninety-three patients with colon cancer treated at our hospital between February 2013 and March 2016 were included in an observation group, and 40 healthy individuals were included in a control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine the serum level of annexin A5, while immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression of annexin A5 in cancer tissues.RESULTS The serum level of annexin A5 was 0.184 ± 0.043 ng/m L in the observation group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group(P 0.05). Annexin A5 expression was detected in 79.31% of the patients with lymph node metastasis, which was significantly higher than that in patients without lymph node metastasis(P 0.05). Moreover, annexin A5 expression was detected in 86.96% of the patients with stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ disease, which was significantly higher than that in patients with stage Ⅰ to Ⅱ disease(P 0.05). The serum level of annexin A5 was 0.215 ± 0.044 ng/m L in patients whose tumors were positive for annexin A5 expression, which was significantly higher than that in patients whose tumors were negative for annexin A5 expression(P 0.05). The serum level of annexin A5 was correlated with annexin A5 expression in colon cancer tissues(r= 0.312, P 0.05). When a cutoff value of 0.148 ng/m L for serum level of annexin A5 was used in the diagnosis of colon cancer, the sensitivity was 83.90%, and the specificity was 57.50%.CONCLUSION For patients with colon cancer, annexin A5 expression in cancer tissues is related to lymph node metastasis and tumor grade. Serum level of annexin A5 is related to annexin A5 expression in cancer tissues and is of diagnostic relevance.     

Cystatin C is a biomarker for predicting acute kidney injury in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure

AIM:To investigate serum cystatin C level as an early biomarker for predicting acute kidney injury(AKI)in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF).METHODS:Fifty-six consecutive patients with hepatitis B virus-related ACLF who had normal serum creatinine(Cr)level(<1.2 mg/dL in men,or<1.1 mg/dL in women)were enrolled in the Liver Failure Treatment and Research Center of Beijing 302 Hospital between August 2011 and October 2012.Thirty patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)and 30 healthy controls in the same study period were also included.Measurement of serum cystatin C(CysC)was performed by a particle-enhanced immunonephelometry assay using the BN Prospec nephelometer system.The ACLF patients were followed during their hospitalization period.RESULTS:In the ACLF group,serum level of CysC was 1.1±0.4 mg/L,which was significantly higher(P<0.01)than those in the healthy controls(0.6±0.3mg/L)and CHB patients(0.7±0.2 mg/L).During the hospitalization period,eight ACLF patients developed AKI.Logistic regression analysis indicated that CysC level was an independent risk factor for AKI development(odds ratio=1.8;95%CI:1.4-2.3,P=0.021).The cutoff value of serum CysC for prediction of AKI in ACLF patients was 1.21 mg/L.The baseline CysC-based estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR CysC)was significantly lower than the creatinine-based eGFR(eGFR CG and eGFR MDRD)in ACLF patients with AKI,suggesting that baseline eGFR CysC represented early renal function in ACLF patients while the Cr levels were still within the normal ranges.CONCLUSION:Serum CysC provides early prediction of renal dysfunction in ACLF patients with a normal serum Cr level.     

Cardiac function evaluated by Tei index of tissue doppler imaging and brain natriuretic peptide in patients with acute coronary syndrome and hyperglycemia

Background Recent studies demonstrated that N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-pro BNP) increases in patients with diabetes mellitus and raised concerns about the diagnostic validity of NT-pro BNP in assessment of cardiac function in patients with hyperglycemia.Current investigation was carried out to observe the influence of hyperglycemia on the correlation of NT-pro BNP and cardiac function index in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods Fifty patients with ACS were enrolled and divided into hyperglycemia group(fasting plasma glucose(FPG) ≥ 6.1 mmol/L) and euglycemia group(FPG 6.1 mmol/L).All the patients underwent routine transthoracic ecocardiagraphy and tissue Doppler imaging(TDI) investigation.Blood sample were obtained with 24 hours of hospitalization for measuring of NT-proBNP level.Relation between TDI-Tei index and the level of NT-proBNP were analyzed in the two groups respectively.Result TDI-Tei index,systolic index and diastolic index were all significantly higher in hyperglycemia group than that in euglycemia group(0.679 ± 0.139 vs 0.600 ± 0.093,P = 0.022;0.294 ± 0.074 vs 0.258 ± 0.035,P = 0.036;0.385 ± 0.069 vs 0.342 ± 0.068,P = 0.032).TDI-Tei index was significantly negatively correlated with the level of log NT-pro BNP in both hyperglycemia group and euglycemia group(rp = 0.673,P = 0.000;rp = 0.354,P = 0.000).Conclusions(1)Cardiac function in patients with ACS complicated with hyperglycemia is inferior to that in patients with euglycemia;(2)Assessment of cardiac function with NT-proBNP is reliable in patients with hyperglycemia.     

非小细胞肺癌患者呼出气冷凝液中p53蛋白检测的临床意义

Objective To study the clinical significance of the detection of p53 protein in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods EBC and plasma of 98 patients with NSCLC were collected,p53 protein expression in EBC and plasma was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the data were compared with those of 98 healthy controls. p53 protein expression in cancer tissue of 98 patients with NSCLC was detected by immunohistochemistry. p53 protein expression in EBC and plasma and positive expression rate of p53 protein in cancer tissue were compared among patients with different lung cancer type,stage,histologic type,tumor size,and lymph node metastasis,smoking history. The specificity and sensitivity of diagnosis of p53 protein in patients with NSCLC were analyzed by ROC curve. Results ① The level of p53 protein in EBC of patients with NSCLC was significantly higher than that in healthy control group [(233.99±7.91) ng/L vs ( 130. 26 ± 4. 73) ng/L,P ＜0. 01]. The level of p53 protein in serum of patients with NSCI.C was significantly higher than that in healthy control group [(292. 58 ± 8. 79) ng/L vs (141. 66±3. 33) ng/L,P ＜0. 01]. ② The level of p53 protein in EBC of patients with central lung cancer was higher than that in patients with peripheral lung cancer [(248. 22 ± 8. 58) ng/L vs (215. 78 ± 6.61) ng/L,P＜0. 01]. ③The level of p53 protein in EBC of patients with positive immunostaining group was higher than that in negative group [(249.77 ± 8.07) ng/L vs (216.86 ± 7.44) ng/L,P ＜ 0. 05]. ④The level of p53 protein in serum of smokers was significantly higher than that in non-smokers [(310.18 ± 9.04) ng/L vs (254. 55 ± 6. 91) ng/L,P ＜0. 01]. ⑤The positive expression rate of p53 protein in cancer tissue was 47. 96% (47/98). ⑥The sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of p53 protein were 95. 90% and 90. 04% in plasma,and those were 92. 90% and 79. 59% in EBC. The cut off values of p53 protein were respectively 175. 68 ng/L and 166. 26 ng/L in EBC and serum. Conclusions The detection of p53 protein in EBC of patients with NSCLC is helpful for the diagnosis of lung cancer.     

Relationship Between Serum Leptin Concentration and Lipids ＆ Body Mass Index in Patients With Chronic Congestive Heart Failure

Objectives To investigate the relationship of serum leptin concentration with the lipids and body mass index （BMI） in patients with chronic congestive heart failure（CHF）. Methods The serum concentration of leptin in 39 patients with CHF （14 in cardiac function class Ⅱ , 21 in class Ⅲ, 4 in classⅣ , NYHA） and in 46 patients with cardiac function class Ⅰ （NYHA） were assessed by radioimmunoassay. Results The serum concentration of leptin were 9.018±4.519 μg/l in CHF group （cardiac function class Ⅱ 11.492±5.649 μg/l, class Ⅲ 7.763±3.321 μg/l, class Ⅳ 6.100±2.657 μg/l）; 11.674± 6.911 μg/l in class Ⅰ group. The serum concentrations of leptin were significantly lower in CHF group, as compared with class Ⅰ group （P〈 0.05）. Moreover, the decrease of serum leptin concentration was significantly correlated with the decreased serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, body mass index and left ventricular ejection fraction in CHF group, respectively （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions The significance of the decrease in serum leptin in CHF patients needs further study.     

Sequential blood purification therapy for critical patients with hyperlipidemic severe acute pancreatitis

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of sequential blood purification therapy in the treatment of critical patients with hyperlipidemic severe acute pancreatitis.METHODS: Thirty-one intensive care unit(ICU) patients with hyperlipidemic severe acute pancreatitis treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were divided into either a study group(n = 15; July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2014) or a control group(n = 16; July 1, 2010 to June 30, 2012) based on the implementation of sequential blood purification therapy. The control group received continuous venous-venous hemofiltration(CVVH) on the basis of conventional treatments, and the therapeutic dose of CVVH was 30 m L/kg per hour. The study group received sequential plasma exchange and CVVH on the basis of conventional treatments. The anticoagulation regimen of CVVH is the regional citrate anticoagulation. Mortality rate on day 28, rates of systemic and local complications, duration of ICU, and time to target serum lipid level, as well as physiologic and laboratory indices were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: The mortality rate on day 28 was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group(13.33% vs 37.50%; P 0.05). The duration of ICU stay was significantly shorter in the study group than in the control group(7.4 ± 1.35 d vs 9.19 ± 2.99 d, P 0.05). The time to target serum lipid level was significantly shorter in the study group than in the control group(3.47 ± 0.52 d vs 7.90 ± 1.14 d, P 0.01). There were no significant differences in the rates of systemic complications and local complications between the two groups(60% vs 50% and 80% vs 81%, respectively). In the comparisons of physiologic and laboratory indices, serum albumin and C-reactive protein were significantly better in the study group than in the control group after treatment(37.8 ± 4.6 g/L vs 38.9 ± 5.7 g/L, and 20.5 ± 6.4 mg/L vs 28.5 ± 7.1 mg/L, respectively, both P 0.05). With the exception of plateletcrit, no other indices showed significant differences between the two groups.CONCLUSION: Sequential blood purification therapy is effective in the treatment of ICU patients with hyperlipidemic severe acute pancreatitis and can improve patient prognosis.     

Effect of ischemic preconditioning on P-selectin expression in hepatocytes of rats with cirrhotic ischemia-reperfusion injury

AIM: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of liver cirrhosis in rats and the effect of IPC on P-selectin expression in hepatocytes.METHODS: Forty male SD rats with liver cirrhosis were randomly divided into sham operation group (SO group),ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R group), ischemic preconditioning group (IPC group), L-Arginine preconditioning group (APC group), L-NAME preconditioning group (NPC group), eight rats in each group. Hepatocellular viability was assessed by hepatic adenine nucleotide level and energy charge (EC) determined by HPLC, ALT, AST and LDH in serum measured by auto- biochemical analyzer and bile output.The expression of P-selectin in the liver tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemical technique. Leukocyte count in ischemic hepatic lobe was calculated.RESULTS: At 120 min after reperfusion, the level of ATP and EC in IPC and APC groups was higher than that in I/R group significantly. The increases in AST, ALT and LDH were prevented in IPC and APC groups. The livers produced more bile in IPC group than in I/R group during 120 min after reperfusion (0.101±0.027 versus 0.066±0.027 ml/g liver,P=0.002). There was a significant difference between APC and I/R groups, (P=0.001). The leukocyte count in liver tissues significantly increased in I/R group as compared with SO group (P＜0.05). The increase in the leukocyte count was prevented in IPC group. Administration of L-arginine resulted in the same effects as in IPC group. However,inhibition of NO synthesis (NPC group) held back the beneficial effects of preconditioning. Significant promotion of P-selectin expression in hepatocytes in the I/R group was observed compared with the SO group (P＜0.01). IPC or L-arginine attenuated P-selectin expression remarkably (P＜0.01). However, inhibition of NO synthesis enhanced Pselectin expression (P＜0.01). The degree of P-selectin expression was positively correlated with the leukocyte counts infiltrating in liver (r=0.602, P=0.000).CONCLUSION: IPC can attenuate the damage induced by I/R in cirrhotic liver and increase the ischemic tolerance of the rats with liver cirrhosis. IPC can abolish I/R induced leukocyte adhesion and infiltration by preventing postischemic P-selectin expression in the rats with liver cirrhosis via a NO-initiated pathway.     

老年重型脑功能损伤患者急性期N末端B型利钠肽变化的临床意义

目的 研究N末端B型利钠肽(NT-proBNP)在老年重型脑功能损伤患者急性期变化临床规律、临床意义及可能的影响因素.方法 观察严重的颅脑功能损伤患者发病第1、3、5、7天NT-proBNP及心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTn-I)的变化规律,分析颅脑功能损伤致急性神经功能障碍与NT-proBNP、cTn-I,变化的相关性及其对预后的影响.结果 死亡组各时点的NT-proBNP在住院第3、5、7天[(759±341)、(1980±839)、(2490±1862)ng/L]明显高于存活组[(594±612)、(733±424)、(315±346)ng/L];两组患者的cTn-I及NT-proBNP升高与进行性加重的颅内水肿相关;死亡组与存活组在早期颅内损伤病灶分布区有明显差别,死亡组基底节、脑干分布区高于存活组;7 d后NT-proBNP仍处于较高水平者提示预后不良;NT-proBNP 的升高与cTn-I水平无相关性(r=0.0214,P＞0.05).结论 老年严重颅脑功能损伤患者急性期NT-proBNP进行性升高提示预后不良;老年严重颅脑功能损伤患者急性期其NT-proBNP升高幅度与颅脑损伤功能区有相关性.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the changes and influencing factors of serum NT-proBNP level in aged patients with severe brain dysfunction in acute phase, and the corresponding clinical significance. Methods The serum NT-proBNP and cTn-I levels of patients with severe brain dysfunction at day 1, 3, 5 and 7 were measured respectively. The correlation between acute neurological dysfunction caused by brain dysfunction and serum NT-proBNP and cTn-I levels were analyzed, and the impact on prognosis was explored. Results The serum NT-proBNP levels were significantly higher in death group at day 3[(759±341)ng/L], 5[(1980±839)ng/L] and 7[(2490±1862)ng/L] than in survival group[(594±612)ng/L,(733±424)ng/L,(315±346)ng/L]. Serum NT-proBNP and cTnI levels were associated with progressive cerebral edema in both groups. Location of early intracranial lesions was significantly different between two groups. Death group had higher ratio of intracranial lesions in basal ganglia and brainstem than did survival group. High serum NT-proBNP level after day 7 suggested poor prognosis. Serum NT-proBNP level was not associated with serum cTn-I level. Conclusions Progressively increased serum NT-proBNP level in aged patients with severe brain dysfunction in acute phase suggests poor prognosis. The increased degree of serum NT-proBNP in aged patients with severe brain dysfunction in acute phase is associated with the location of intracranial lesions.     

类风湿关节炎患者血清巨噬细胞移动抑制因子白细胞介素-17及-23表达与合并动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的 通过颈部彩色多普勒超声检测类风湿关节炎(RA)患者合并动脉粥样硬化情况,检测血清巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)及白细胞介素(IL)-17、IL-23水平,分析它们之间的相关性及在RA致动脉粥样硬化中的作用.方法 收集69例RA患者,根据颈部血管彩色多普勒超声结果,分为合并动脉粥样硬化组36例及无动脉粥样硬化组33例,并设64名健康者为健康对照组.采用酶联免疫吸附试 验(ELISA)法检测3组血清MIF、IL-17及IL-23水平.采用t检验、方差分析进行统计分析,相关性分析采用Pearson相关分析和Logistic回归分析.结果 合并动脉粥样硬化组MIF水平明显高于无动脉粥样硬化组及健康对照组(3组分别为15.2±1.7,13.8±2.2,8.0±2.9,P<0.05),且与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)值(r=0.271,P=0.036)、斑块大小(r=0.291,P=0.024)、IL-17(r=0.328,P=0.007)及IL-23(r=0.316,P=0.010)水平呈正相关;合并动脉粥样硬化组IL-17和IL-23水平高于健康对照组(2.8±2.0和2.0±0.8,449±174和341±113),但与无动脉粥样硬化组比较差异无统计学意义.Logistic回归分析显示RA患者MIF水平与动脉粥样硬化的发生呈正相关.结论 RA合并动脉粥样硬化患者血清MIF水平显著升高,且与IL-17、IL-23表达密切相关,血清MIF水平升高可作为RA患者发生动脉粥样硬化的预测指标.

Abstract：

objective To detect the serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)and interlbukin (IL)-17,IL-23 levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients with atherosclerosis and to analyze the association between them and their role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients.Methods Total of 69 patients with RA were divided into atherosclerosis group(AS group)and those without atherosclerosis group(NAS group)according to neck vascular ultrasonography.Sixty-four healthy controls(the control group)were also enrolled into this study.MIF and IL-17,IL-23 levels were determined bv ELISA assay.The t test of two independent-samples and One-way ANOVA were used to compare the levels of MIF.IL-17 and IL-23 in different groups of patients and healthy individuals.The correlation between diffrent paramenters was assesed by Pearson's coefficient of correlation and Logistic regression.Results The serum MIF level in the AS group was significantly higher than that in the NAS group and healthy controls(15.2±1.7,13.8±2.2,8.0±2.9,P<0.05),and there were significant correlations between the serum MIF concentration,carotid intima-media thickness(IMT)(r=0.271,P=0.036).the size of atherosclerotic plaques(r=0.291,P=0.024),the serum level of IL-17(r=0.328,P=0.007)and IL-23(r=0.316,p=0.010).The serum IL-17 and IL-23 level in the AS group was higher than healthy controls(2.8±2.0 vs 2.0±0.8,449±174 vs 341±113),while there were no significant differences between AS group and NAS group.The serum MIF level in RA patients was positively correlated with atherosclerosis according to Logistic regression analysis.Conclusion The serum MIF level in RA patients with AS is significantly higher than that in NAS group and healthy controls,and it may be related with the serum level of IL-17 and IL-23.The elevated serum MIF level may be a predictor for atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.     

80岁及以上心房颤动患者低强度抗凝治疗的安全性和疗效观察

目的 评价年龄80岁及以上非瓣膜性心房颤动患者低强度抗凝治疗的疗效和安全性.方法入选年龄80岁及以上住院非瓣膜性心房颤动患者180例,随机抽签分为低强度和标准强度华法林抗凝治疗,低强度组目标国际标准化比值(INR)1.6～2.0,标准强度组目标INR 2.0～3.0.主要观察终点为两组患者随访期间各种出血并发症及各种栓塞事件发生率;次要观察为INR达标需要的华法林剂量,随访中INR＞3.0的测定次数.结果 两组患者均在半个月内达标,其后随访1年,随访期间低强度组和标准强度组血栓栓塞事件发生率分别为4.4%(4/90)与3.3%(3/90),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).但各种出血事件低强度组低于标准强度组,分别为5.6%(5/90)与16.7%(15/90),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),同时华法林使用剂量低强度组低于标准强度组,分别为(1.55±0.63)mg与(2.31±0.57)mg,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),随访中INR＞3.0的次数低强度组亦少于标准强度组(P＜0.05).结论 在年龄80岁及以上非瓣膜性心房颤动患者中,采用目标INR1.6～2.0低强度抗凝治疗,较常规标准抗凝治疗疗效差异无统计学意义,出血事件及风险明显减少.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of low-intensity warfarin anticoagulation in over 80-year-old patients with nonvascular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods The 180 NVAF patients aged over 80 years were randomly assigned into 2 groups: 90 patients in lowintensity warfarin anticoagulation group (target value of INR 1.6-2.0), the other 90 patients in standard-intensity warfarin anticoagulation group (target value of INR 2. 0-3.0). All patients were followed up in outpatient-department for one year. Main outcome measures included the incidence rates of bleeding and thromboembolic events, and secondary outcome measures included the warfarin dosage and times of INR＞3.0. Results The incidence rate of thromboembolic events was 4.4% (4/90) in low-intensity group and 3.3% (3/90) in standard-intensity group with no statistically significant difference between these two groups (P＞0. 05). However, the incidence rate of hemorrhage was significantly lower in low-intensity group than in standard-intensity group [5.6% (5/90) vs. 16.7%(15/90), P＜0. 05]. Meanwhile the warfarin dosage was significantly lower in low-intensity group than in standard-intensity group [(1. 55±0. 63) mg vs. (2.31±0.57) mg, P＜0.05]. The times of INR＞3.0 were less in low-intensity group than in standard-intensity group (P＜0. 05). Conclusions Therapy with low-intensity warfarin anticoagulation in NVAF patients aged over 80 years may be equally effective as, but safer than that with standard-intensity warfarin.     

老年帕金森病患者血尿酸水平及其与认知功能的关系

目的 探讨老年帕金森病(PD)患者血尿酸水平与认知功能的关系,并对相关因素进行分析.方法 回顾性分析60例老年PD患者的病历资料,选择性别、年龄相匹配的60例健康体检者作为对照,记录性别、年龄、病程、Hoehn&Yahr分期(H-Y分期)、尿酸、简易智能量表(MMSE)评分,并进行比较和相关性分析.结果 老年PD组血浆尿酸水平[(262±53)μmol/L]明显低于对照组[(332±45)μmol/L],差异有统计学意义(t=-6.724,P＜0.001).PD组男性血浆尿酸水平[(271±48)μmol/L]均值略高于女性水平[(254±39)μmol/L],但差异无统计学意义(t=3.282,P=0.058).PD组男性血浆尿酸水平明显低于对照组男性尿酸水平[(353±62)μmol/L],差异有统计学意义(t=-5.625,P＜0.001).PD组女性血浆尿酸水平低于对照组女性尿酸水平[(294±59)/μmol/L],差异有统计学意义(t=-4.721,P=0.012).老年PD各亚组间血尿酸水平无显著差异,但与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(F=22,039,P＜0,01).老年PD组血尿酸水平与病程长短无明显相关性(r=0.961,P＞0,05).老年PD患者存在认知功能障碍,其MMSE评分与H-Y分期(r=-0.577,P=0.019)、年龄(r=-0.333,P=0.034)呈负相关,与血尿酸水平呈正相关(r=0.789,P=0.000),与病程(r=-0.333,P=0.027)、体质指数(BMI)(t=-0.410,P=0.115)无相关性.结论 老年PD患者血尿酸水平降低,低尿酸水平可能与老年PD患者的认知功能障碍有关.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the relationship between uric acid (UA) level and cognitive function in elderly patients with Parkinson,s disease (PD) and analyze the cognition related factors.Methods The clinical data of 60 elderly PD cases in our hospital from 2001 to 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. The 60 healthy people receiving medical examination in our hospital and matched by gender and age, were as control group. The information including gender, age, illness duration, Hoehn & Yahr stage (H-Y stage), serum UA level and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale were recorded. Results The serum UA level was significantly lower in PD group than in control group [(262±53) μmol/L vs. (332±45) μmol/L, t=-6.724, P＜0.001]. In PD group, the serum UA level was slightly higher in males than in females [(271 ±48) μmol/L vs.(254±39) μmol/L, t=3. 282, P=0. 058]. The serum UA level was significantly lower in male PD patients than in male controls [(353± 62) μmol/L, t=- 5. 625, P＜0. 001], and was lower in female PD patients than in female controls [( 294 ± 59) μmol/L, t = - 4. 721, P = 0. 012]. There were no significant differences in serum UA level among different H-Y stage subgroups (P＞0. 05), but the serum UA level was lower in different H-Y stage subgroups than in control group (F=22. 039, P＜0. 01 ). There was no correlation between the UA level and the illness duration (r=0. 961, P＞0.05).The MMSE score had significant difference between elderly PD group and control group (t= -3. 168,P＜0. 001). In PD patients, the MMSE score was positively correlated with serum UA level (r=0. 789, P= 0. 000), and was negatively correlated with H-Y stage (r= - 0. 577, P = 0. 019 ), age (r= -0. 333, P=0. 034), but was not correlated with illness duration (r= -0. 333, P=0. 207) and BMI (t=- 0. 410, P= 0. 115). Conclusions The level of serum UA is lower in elderly patients with PD than in normal controls. There is correlation between the serum UA level and cognitive impairment. Lower serum UA level predicts worse cognitive scores.     

二氧化碳气腹时间对老年腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者凝血-纤溶和血管内皮细胞活性的影响

目的 观察二氧化碳(CO2)气腹时间对老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)患者凝血-纤溶和血管内皮细胞活性的影响.方法 胆石症择期行LC患者45例,年龄＞60岁,术后根据气腹持续时间分组:气腹时间≤60 min组21例;气腹时间＞60 min组24例.于入院检查时(术前)、术毕、术后第1、2、3天抽取静脉血检测凝血酶原时间(PT)、激活部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原片段1+2(F1+2)浓度、抗凝血酶-Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)活性、纤维蛋白原(Fib)浓度、组织纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)浓度、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)浓度、D-二聚体(D-D)浓度、血管性血友病因子(vWF)活性.结果 (1)凝血指标:术后第3天,＞60 min组的,F1+2为 (1.60±0.26) μg/L,高于≤60 min组的(1.32±0.24) μg/L(P＜0.05);AT-Ⅲ为(84.82±20.21)%,低于≤60 min组的(97.49±16.87)%(P＜0.05);术后第2、3天的Fib分别为(3.87±0.62)、(3.98±0.77)g/L,高于≤60 min组的 (3.42±0.72)、(3.42±0.63)g/L(P＜0.05).(2)纤溶-抗纤溶指标:＞60 min组术后第2 、3天的PAI-1为(33.93±10.42)、(32.90±11.25) μg/L高于≤60 min组的(26.69±9.49)、(26.31±7.06)μg/L(P＜0.05).(3)血管内皮细胞活性指标:＞60 min组术后第2 、3天的vWF为(174.53±44.03)%、(176.31±47.6)%,高于≤60 min组的(134.37±37.74)%、(131.21±36.34)% (P＜0.05).结论 老年LC患者,术后有明显的凝血-纤溶激活和血管内膜损伤;随气腹时间延长,凝血激活和纤溶抑制程度高,凝血-纤溶相对不平衡,血管内膜损伤更明显,可能增加血栓形成风险.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the effect of duration of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on coagulation, fibrinolysis and endothelial activation in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods The 45 elderly patients with cholelithiasis scheduled for LC, aged over 60 yeas, were placed in different groups respectively after surgery according to the duration of pneumoperitoneum. The duration of pneumoperitoneum was ≤60 minutes in group A (n=21),and more than 60 minutes in group B (n=24). Venous blood samples were taken on admission (baseline), at the end of surgery, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after surgery for determination of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin fragment F1+2 (F1+2), antithrombin 3 (AT-Ⅲ activity), fibrinogen (Fib), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), D-dimer (D-D), von Willebrand factor (vWF activity). Results Concerning the coagulation activation, at the 3rd postoperative day, the level of F1+2 was significantly higher in group B than in group A [(1.60±0.26) μg/L vs. (1.32±0.24) μg/L, P＜0.05]; AT-III was significantly higher in group B than in group A [(84.82%±20.21%) vs. (97.49%±16.87%), P＜0.05]. At the 2nd and 3rd postoperative day, the levels of Fib were significantly higher in group B than in group A [(3.87±0.62) g/L vs. (3.42±0.72) g/L, (3.98±0.77) g/L vs. (3.42±0.63) g/L, respectively, P＜0.05]. Concerning fibrinolysis, But at the 2nd and 3rd postoperative day, the level of PAI-1 was significantly higher in group B than in group A [(33.93±10.42) μg/L vs. (26.69±9.49) μg/L, (32.90±11.25) μg/L vs. (26.31±7.06) μg/L respectively, P＜0.05]. Concerning endothelial activation, at the 2nd and 3rd postoperative day, vWF was significantly higher in group B than in group A [(174.53%±44.03%) vs. (134.37%±37.74%), (176.31%±47.6%) vs. (131.21%±36.34%), respectively, P＜0.05]. Conclusions Marked activations of coagulation-fibrinolysis and endothelial activation are observed postoperatively in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Along with prolonged duration of pneumoperitoneum, more pronounced alterations of increased coagulation, reduced fibrinolysis and endothelial activation are observed, which could constitute an imbalanced situation of coagulation-fibrinolysis and increases the risk of venous thrombosis.     

戒烟对大鼠血清瘦素、脂联素等炎症因子的影响

目的 通过研究戒烟对大鼠血清瘦素、脂联素、白介素6(IL-6)及C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的影响,探讨瘦素和脂联素等炎症因子在吸烟所致慢性阻塞性肺疾病炎症反应中的作用.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠30只,随机分为吸烟组、戒烟组及对照组,每组各10只.吸烟组每次吸烟10支,每天吸烟2次,每周吸烟6 d,共吸烟20周;戒烟组为吸烟20周后戒烟10周.采用酶联免疫吸附法检测各组大鼠血清瘦素、脂联素及CRP水平,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测各组大鼠血清IL-6水平.结果 ①与对照组[(128.00±13.25) ng/L]比较,吸烟组[(56.23±8.64)ng/L]及戒烟组[(60.36±7.42)ng/L]血清瘦素水平均降低(P值均<0.05);戒烟组与吸烟组比较差异无统计学意义.②与对照组L(0.369±0.032)μg/L]比较,吸烟组[0.322±0.045)μg/L]血清脂联素水平降低(P<0.05),而戒烟组L(0.333±0.059)μg/L]与对照组、吸烟组比较差异无统计学意义.③与对照组[(23.94±4.44)ng/L]比较,吸烟组[(39.67±3.13)ng/L]及戒烟组[(34.27±7.01)ng/L]血清IL-6水平均升高(P值均<0.05);戒烟组较吸烟组水平降低(P<0.05).④与对照组[(494.49±124.44)μg/L]比较,吸烟组[(809.50±141.66)μg/L]及戒烟组[(632.60±182.85)μg/L]血清CRP水平均升高(P值均<0.05);戒烟组较吸烟组水平降低(P<0.05).⑤脂联素水平分别与IL-6和CRP呈负相关(γ值分别为-0.198、-0.489,P值均<0.05);IL-6水平与CRP呈止相关(γ=0.598,P<0.05).结论吸烟可使大鼠血清瘦素与脂联素水平下降,IL-6与CRP水平升高;戒烟后,瘦素、脂联素水平呈上升趋势,IL-6和CRP水平则相应下降.此外,脂联素水平分别与IL-6和CRP呈负相关.提示瘦素、脂联素等炎症因子可能参与吸烟所致慢性阻塞性肺疾病的炎症反应.     

二甲双胍在高海拔地区糖尿病治疗中的安全性研究

高海拔地区初诊糖尿病患者61例,个体化治疗基础上全部加用二甲双胍1.5g/d治疗14 d.平均海拔2 260米和2 780米两地区(海拔差580米),氧分压相差3.5 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),初发糖尿病患者在治疗前血乳酸水平即高于正常值.高海拔地区中青年组及老年组治疗前血乳酸水平均较高[(3.90±0.85对3.65±0.70)、(4.67±0.80对3.69±0.78)mmol/L,均P＜0.05],中青年组糖尿病患者加用二甲双胍14 d后血乳酸水平未显著上升[(4.50±0.50和3.79±0.62)mmol/L,P＞0.05],老年组糖尿病患者加用二甲双胍14 d后血乳酸水平明显上升[(5.59±0.55和5.27±0.43)mmol/L,P＜0.05].因此,在高原地区的老年糖尿病患者应慎用或避免使用二甲双胍.     

血管性血友病因子和ADAMTS-13水平与急诊冠状动脉支架置入术后冠状动脉血流的关系

目的 探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者血浆血管性血友病因子(vWF)和其裂解酶ADAMTS-13水平与急诊冠状动脉支架置入术后冠状动脉心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流的关系.方法 根据支架释放后即刻造影显示的TIMI血流情况,将2007年9月至2009年12月期间在我院行急诊冠状动脉支架置入术的STEMI患者分为TIMI≤2级组(最终入选43例)和TIMI 3级组(最终入选43例),并选择同期冠状动脉造影正常的胸闷、胸痛患者作为阴性对照组(43例).采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)分别在入院即刻、冠状动脉介入术开始即刻以及介入术后1周检测患者外周血vWF和ADAMTS-13水平.结果 在不同时间TIMI≤2级组和TIMI 3级组血浆vWF水平均显著高于阴性对照组(均P＜0.05).TIMI≤2级组血浆vWF水平在不同时间均显著高于T1MI 3级组[分别为入院即刻(6721.83±1380.58)U/L比(4786.12±2362.01)U/L,P＜0.05;介入术开始即刻(5744.65±1240.71)U/L比(3011.33±2270.40)U/L,P＜0.05;介入术后1周(2001.48±931.70)U/L比(1365.17±724.12)U/L,P＜0.05].3组患者入院即刻和介入术开始即刻血浆ADAMTS-13水平差异无统计学意义.术后1周TIMI ≤2级组ADAMTS-13水平明显高于TIMI 3级组[(406.93±101.44)mg/L比(270.34±115.12)mg/L,P＜0.05].logistic回归分析表明,入院即刻vWF水平(OR:1.917,P＜0.01)和介入术开始即刻vWF水平(OR:2.016,P＜0.01)均是影响支架术后冠状动脉TIMI血流的危险因素.结论 STEMI患者急诊支架术后冠状动脉TIMI血流状况与患者术前血浆vWF水平有关,vWF与ADAMTS-13的失衡可能是急诊支架置入术后冠状动脉血流缓慢的原因之一.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between post-stenting coronary thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow and plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) and its cleaving protease(ADAMTS-13) levels in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods STEMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) and stenting between September, 2007 and December, 2009 were enrolled. According to the post-stenting TIMI flow, patients were divided to TIMI≤2 group (n =43) and TIMI 3 group (n =43). Patients with chest pain or dyspnea and normal coronary angiographic results served as control group ( n = 43 ). The levels of vWF and ADAMTS-13 were measured by ELISA at three time points: immediatly after admission, beginning of PCI and 1 week after PCI. Results Levels of vWF in STEMI patients at all 3 time points were significantly higher than in control patients, and the level of vWF was significantly higher in TIMI ≤2 group than in TIMI 3 group [at admission: (6721.83 ± 1380.58) U/L vs. (4786. 12 ±2362.01) U/L, P ＜0.05; at the beginning of PCI: (5744.65 ±1240. 71) U/L vs. (3011.33 ±2270.40) U/L, P＜0. 05 and at 1 week after PCI: (2001.48 ± 931.70) U/L vs. ( 1365. 17 ± 724. 12 ) U/L, P ＜ 0. 05]. ADAMTS-13 levels were similar among groups at admission and at beginning of PCI, however, the level of ADAMTS-13 at 1 week after PCI was significantly higher in TIMI≤2 group than that in TIMI 3 group [(406. 93 ± 101.44 )mg/L vs. ( 270. 34 ± 115.12) mg/L, P ＜0. 001]. Logistic regression analysis showed that both vWF at admission(OR=1.917, P＜0.01) and vWF at the beginning of PCI (OR=2.016, P＜0. 01) were risk factors of TIMI≤2. Conclusion Increased vWF during peri-PCI periods was associated with post-stenting coronary TIMI ≤2 after primary PCI in STEMI patients, and the imbalance between vWF and ADAMTS-13 may thus play an important role in the development of slow flow post PCL     

氟铝联合对雄性大鼠性激素的影响

目的 了解氟铝联合对雄性大鼠性激素的影响.方法 选用断乳2周的健康SD雄性大鼠16只,按体质量随机分为4组,每组4只,分别为对照组及铝、氟、氟铝组.对照组和铝组喂饲的玉米饲料68%来自于非病区(含氟、铝各为5.2、6.8 mg/kg),分别给含铝0、90.0 mg/L的饮水;氟组、氟铝组给含68%的燃煤型氟中毒病区煤烘玉米饲料,含氟、铝量为106.0、19.7 mg/kg,并分别给予含铝0、90.0 mg/L的饮水.实验第90天后以出现明显氟斑牙为模型复制成功的判定指标.采集大鼠血样,用时间分辨免疫荧光法进行血清中睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)的测定.结果 大鼠血清T水平氟铝组[(15.994±6.558)μg/L]明显高于对照组[(3.317±0.635)μg/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),铝组[(8.134±3.134)μg/L]、氟组[(1.868±0.367)μg/L]、氟铝组[(12.687±2.979)μg/L]与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).大鼠血清E2氟组[(0.172±0.030)nmol/L]明显低于对照组[(0.319±0.072)nmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),铝组[(0.282±0.012)nmol/L]、氟铝组[(0.265±0.047)nmol/L]与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).氟和铝两因素存在交互作用(F=9.82,P＜0.05).结论 氟铝联合作用影响雄性大鼠性激素的水平.     

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者血清纤维化指标观察

目的 观察自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)患者血清Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)和透明质酸(HA)水平.探讨其临床意义.方法 按甲状腺功能将114例AITD患者分为3组:①Graves病甲状腺功能亢进(简称甲亢)组(38例),②桥本甲状腺炎甲状腺功能低下(简称甲低)组(35例),③桥本甲状腺炎亚临床甲状腺功能低下(简称哑甲低)组(41例),另设40例健康人作为对照组.用免疫化学发光法检测以上各组人群血清游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3),游离甲状腺素(FT4),超敏促甲状腺激素(sTSH)水平.用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清PCⅢ水平,用放射免疫分析法(RIA)检测血清HA水平.结果 甲亢组血清FT3,FT4水平[(18.35±6.19),(76.28±23.49)pmol/L]明显高于对照组[(4.75±0.31),(16.12±3.27)pmol/L],sTSH水平[(0.15±0.07)mU/L]明显低于对照组[(3.78±0.15)mU/L],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),甲低组FT3,FT4水平[(3.36±0.26),(6.37±2.19)pmol/L]均低于对照组(P＜0.05),sTSH[(44.58±13.29)mU/L]明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),亚甲低组FT3,FT4水平[(4.86±0.45),(15.26±2.78)pmol/L]与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),sTSH[(14.26±4.73)mU/L]明显高丁对照组(P＜0.01).甲亢组血清PCⅢ水平[(4.63±1.22)μg/L]明显高于甲低组[(3.64±1.12)μg/L],亚甲低组[(3.54±1.17)μg/L],对照组[(3.56±1.07)μg/L],组问两两比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而甲低组,哑甲低组,对照组PCⅢ水平任意两组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),甲低组血清HA水平[(31.13±10.28)μg/L]高于甲亢组[(22.24±7.22)μg/L],亚甲低组[(22.43 4-7.99)μg/L]和对照组[(23.09±9.19)μg/L],组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而甲低组,亚甲低组,对照组HA水平任意两组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 在排除肝纤维化等病变的情况下,检测甲亢患者血清PCⅢ,对了解早期的心肌纤维化有重要意义,对病程较长的甲亢患者,血清HA,PCⅢ的榆测可作为早期发现肝损伤和纤维化的参考依据.     

血清脂联素和抵抗素与2型糖尿病及其大血管病变相关

测定2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素和抵抗素水平,发现2型糖尿病组血清脂联素浓度(2.51±1.42)mg/L低于正常对照组(5.26±0.78)mg/L,2型糖尿病大血管病变组为(1.38±0.77)mg/L又低于非大血管病变组(3.66±0.91)mg/L,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).2型糖尿病组血清抵抗素浓度(7.07±1.11)μg/L高于正常对照组(6.09±0.47)μg/L,2型糖尿病大血管病变组为(7.96±0.65)μg/L又高于非大血管病变组(6.10±0.43)μg/L,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者血浆选择素相关蛋白水平的观察

目的 探讨整合素相关蛋白CD_(47)和P-选择素在COPD发病中的作用.方法 病例来自2008年10月至2009年3月在遵义医学院附属医院呼吸一科住院的COPD患者35例,其中男26例,女9例;年龄55～84岁,平均(65±7)岁.未经任何治疗时为急性加重期(AECOPD)组,经过抗感染、解痉平喘、祛痰、吸氧和支持等治疗,达到临床缓解时为稳定期组.同期体检的健康志愿者加名为对照组,其中男14名,女6名;年龄45～80岁,平均(59±7)岁.采用流式细胞术检测所有研究对象外周血浆中CD_(47)和P-选择素水平,并检测血小板计数.采用SNK-q检验和Pearson回归分析进行相关性分析.结果 AECOPD组CD_(47)阳性率为(93±4)%,明显高于稳定期组的(72±11)%和对照组的(67±10)%,差异均有统计学意义(q值分别为11.26和13.32,均P＜0.01),稳定期组与对照组的差异无统计学意义(q=1.73,P＞0.05);AECOPD组P-选择素阳性率为[(35±11)%],明显高于稳定期组[(12±8)%]和对照组[(10±4)%],差异均有统计学意义(q值分别为9.93和12.19,均P＜.0.05),稳定期组也明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(q=1.90,P＜0.05);AECOPD组血小板计数为(188±56)×10~9/L,与稳定期组的(213±57)×10~9/L和对照组的(204±51)×10~9/L比较,差异无统计学意义(F=1.74,P＞0.05);AECOPD组CD_(47)与P-选择素呈正相关(r=0.77,P＜0.01),稳定期及对照组CD_(47)与P-选择素均无相关性(r值分别为-0.04和-0.15,均P＞0.05).结论 CD_(47)和P-选择素作为血小板活化标志物,在AECOPD时明显增高,表明AECOPD存在血小板活化,提示血小板作为一种炎性细胞参与AECOPD发病,可能以其活化形式发挥重要作用.CD_(47)和P-选择素可作为判断AECOPD严重程度及血小板活化程度的指标.