经阴道羊膜腔灌注治疗单胎初产妇临产后羊水过少的母儿结局分析

目的:分析经阴道羊膜腔灌注治疗临产后羊水过少的单胎初产妇分娩结局和新生儿结局。方法:回顾性分析中国人民武装警察部队特色医学中心2015年4月—2018年3月临产后诊断为羊水过少的358例单胎初孕妇,分为行经阴道羊膜腔灌注的治疗组(166例)和未行羊膜腔灌注的对照组(192例),比较2组的分娩结局(顺产率、产钳助产率、剖宫产率、产后出血率和产褥感染率)和新生儿结局[新生儿脐动脉血pH值、脐动脉血乳酸值、出生后1 min Apgar评分、胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)发生率、入住新生儿科率]。结果:治疗组的顺产率高于对照组,产钳助产率和剖宫产率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组的产后出血率和产褥感染率与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组的新生儿脐动脉血p H值、新生儿1 min Apgar评分高于对照组,而治疗组新生儿脐动脉血乳酸值、MAS发生率和入住新生儿科率低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经阴道羊膜腔灌注治疗单胎初产妇临产后羊水过少是安全有效的,可以显著改善分娩结局和新生儿结局。     

经阴道羊膜腔灌注治疗单胎初产妇临产后羊水过少的母儿结局分析

目的:分析经阴道羊膜腔灌注治疗临产后羊水过少的单胎初产妇分娩结局和新生儿结局。方法:回顾性分析中国人民武装警察部队特色医学中心2015年4月—2018年3月临产后诊断为羊水过少的358例单胎初孕妇,分为行经阴道羊膜腔灌注的治疗组(166例)和未行羊膜腔灌注的对照组(192例),比较2组的分娩结局(顺产率、产钳助产率、剖宫产率、产后出血率和产褥感染率)和新生儿结局[新生儿脐动脉血pH值、脐动脉血乳酸值、出生后1 min Apgar评分、胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)发生率、入住新生儿科率]。结果:治疗组的顺产率高于对照组,产钳助产率和剖宫产率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组的产后出血率和产褥感染率与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组的新生儿脐动脉血p H值、新生儿1 min Apgar评分高于对照组,而治疗组新生儿脐动脉血乳酸值、MAS发生率和入住新生儿科率低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:经阴道羊膜腔灌注治疗单胎初产妇临产后羊水过少是安全有效的,可以显著改善分娩结局和新生儿结局。     

分娩时脐动脉血气分析的临床意义

目的了解分娩时脐动脉血气的临床意义。方法选取2005年3月至2006年12月在北京大学第一医院分娩的产妇810例,临床诊断胎儿窘迫401例,无胎儿窘迫409例,在胎儿娩出后立即行脐动脉血气分析,并追踪新生儿结局,进行分析。结果①胎儿窘迫组中脐血pH值〈7.2者49例,占12.2%,而无胎儿窘迫组pH值〈7.2者26例,占6.4%。二者间差异有统计学意义（P=0.004）;胎儿窘迫组脐血pH均值（7.25±0.24）,无胎儿窘迫组脐血pH均值（7.28±0.05）,两组差异有统计学意义（P=0.023）;②新生儿出生后1min Apgar评分〉7分者中脐血pH值〈7.2占8.3%,而Apgar评分≤7分者中高达34.5%,二者差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）;③本研究中新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）共18例,Apgar评分≤7分对HIE诊断的敏感性为38.9%,特异性为97.2%,阳性预测值24.1%,阴性预测值98.6%;脐血pH值〈7.2对HIE诊断的敏感性55.6%,特异性91.8%,阳性预测值13.3%,阴性预测值98.9%;Apgar评分≤7分和pH值〈7.2联合预测HIE的发生,特异性能增加至99.4%,阳性预测值增加至50%,阴性预测值98.4%。结论临床诊断胎儿窘迫者大多数出生时脐血气正常,可能存在过度诊断和治疗现象;血气分析是Apgar评分的补充,二者结合能增加对HIE诊断的特异性和阳性预测值,应结合Apgar评分和脐动脉血气分析来共同评价新生儿预后。     

应用脐动脉血气分析诊断新生儿窒息的价值研究

探讨新生儿脐动脉血气分析在新生儿窒息诊断中的作用。方法　用美国GEM30000血气分析仪,对2008 - 01 - 01至2009 - 12 - 31上海市长宁区妇幼保健院163例生后1分钟Apgar评分≤7分的新生儿,在生后30 min内进行脐动脉血血气测定,并与Apgar评分进行相关性分析。同期随机选择185名1分钟Apgar≥8分新生儿为对照组。结果　163例窒息组和185名对照组,脐动脉血pH平均值分别为7.09±0.13和7.18±0.49,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;而在PaO2、PaCO2、BE、HCO3-等4项指标的平均值,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.001）。二组资料在pH < 7.00、pH 7.00～7.20、pH > 7.20,差异有统计学意义,各组间χ2分别为27.704、27.809、76.268,各组P值均 < 0.001。出生时低Apgar评分与脐动脉血pH值与脏器损伤呈负相关。结论　脐动脉血气分析与传统的Apgar 评分法具有相关性。     

全身麻醉对剖宫产术中孕妇循环和新生儿Apgar评分及血气分析的影响

目的比较不同剖宫产麻醉方式对孕妇循环和新生儿Apgar评分及血气分析的影响,以期为优化剖宫产麻醉方案提供依据。方法收集2010年1月至2013年1月南京军区福州总医院在全身麻醉下行剖宫产的孕妇80例（全麻组）与椎管内麻醉失败后行全身麻醉下剖宫产的孕妇60例（对照组）的临床资料。比较两组孕妇血流动力学、麻醉开始至新生儿出生时间、新生儿Apgar评分及脐动脉血气分析。结果全麻组与对照组孕妇麻醉前后心率、血压和血氧饱和度比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。全麻组与对照组新生儿1分钟Apgar评分≥7者的比例分别为96．3％（77／80）和75．0％（45／60）,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。全麻组和对照组新生儿插管率分别为1．3％（1／80）和13．3％（8／60）,新生儿脐动脉pH值分别为7．29±0．41和7．23±0．53,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。对照组和全麻组麻醉开始至新生儿出生时间分别为（8．3±3．2）min和（3．2±2．2）min,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论全身麻醉可安全用于剖宫产手术,合理用药、缩短新生儿出生时间,以减少并发症的发生。     

血气分析对羊水Ⅲ度粪染新生儿胎粪吸入综合征的预测价值

目的:探讨脐动脉和桡动脉血气分析对羊水Ⅲ度粪染新生儿胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)的预测价值。方法:选择2010年7月至2012年7月无合并症的足月羊水Ⅲ度粪染新生儿100例作为粪染组。随机选择同期分娩的230例足月妊娠无合并症羊水清的新生儿作为对照组。结果:①粪染组脐动脉血pH 7.21±0.11、HCO322.56±3.47 mEq/L都明显低于对照组7.26±0.07、23.83±2.19 mEq/L,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。粪染组脐动脉血PaCO255.74±9.96 mmHg、BE-5.44±4.62 mmol/L均明显高于对照组52.94±8.01 mmHg和-3.18±2.51 mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。②桡动脉血pH7.30新生儿MAS发生率为73.08%,与桡动脉血pH≥7.30新生儿MAS发生率22.97%比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。以桡动脉血pH7.30为异常指标预测MAS发生的阳性预测值为73.08%,敏感性52.77%,特异性89.06%。③粪染组新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)6例,均显示脐动脉血pH7.10且桡动脉血pH7.30。结论:桡动脉血pH7.30对预测MAS发生有一定的价值。羊水Ⅲ度粪染胎儿缺氧发生几率明显增高。脐动脉血气pH7.10且桡动脉血pH7.30的新生儿发生HIE几率明显升高。     

脐血乳酸水平及胎心监护图形预测胎儿窘迫的价值

目的　探讨新生儿脐动脉血乳酸水平及胎心监护图形预测胎儿窘迫的价值。方法　测定 73例胎心监护图形为不良图形 (胎心基线异常、重度变异减速、轻度变异减速、心动过速 )的新生儿(病例组 )和 118例产前无胎儿窘迫征象 ,出生后 1分钟Apgar评分≥ 9分的新生儿 (对照组 )出生后脐动脉血乳酸水平。结果　病例组中产钳助产率明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,顺产率低于对照组 (P<0 0 1)。病例组中 ,胎心重度变异减速多发于第二产程 ;胎心基线异常的新生儿Apgar评分≤ 7分的发生率高于重度变异减速、轻度变异减速、心动过速的新生儿 (P <0 0 5 )。病例组中 ,胎心基线异常者脐动脉血乳酸水平为 (4 5 5± 0 2 3 )mmol/L ;重度变异减速者为 (3 84± 0 40 )mmol/L ,出现以上两种图形的新生儿脐动脉血乳酸水平均明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。轻度变异减速者脐动脉血乳酸水平为 (2 63± 0 3 2 )mmol/L ;心动过速者脐动脉血乳酸水平为 (2 5 5± 0 46)mmol/L。并且轻度变异减速与心动过速者脐动脉血乳酸水平与对照组比较 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　测定新生儿脐动脉血乳酸水平是一种有效、准确的诊断胎儿窘迫的方法。胎心基线异常、重度变异减速与胎儿窘迫的发生密切相关 ;轻度变异减速、心动过速与胎     

硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛下第二产程时长对新生儿结局的影响

目的:探讨新产程标准管理下硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛产妇第二产程时长对新生儿Apgar评分及脐动脉血气分析等的影响。方法:回顾新产程标准在我院实行2年以来(2014年10月至2016年9月)第二产程持续时间≥3h的单胎、足月、头先露、无合并症初产妇且行硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛的病例,去除死胎引产、胎儿畸形、前置胎盘、中转剖宫产病例,满足条件共91例为研究组(A组),根据第二产程持续时间长短将其分为3组:3~3.5h,共51例设为A1组;3.5~4h,共25例为A2组;≥4h,共15例为A3组。随机抽取同期在硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛下阴道分娩且第二产程3h的符合入组条件的病例共160例作为对照组(B组)。回顾并收集4组产妇的病历资料,将A1组、A2组、A3组的新生儿Apgar评分及脐动脉血气分析结果与B组进行比较。结果:A1组新生儿低Apgar评分发生率高于B组(P0.05),脐动脉血气分析及转科治疗情况与B组相比无明显差异(P0.05)。A2组低1分钟Apgar评分(16%)、低5分钟Apgar评分(4%)发生率明显高于B组(分别为4.4%,0.6%)(P0.05);A2组脐动脉血气分析[pH 7.185±0.11,BE值(-5.81±3.1)mmol/L,乳酸(5.23±1.9)mmol/L]与B组[pH 7.275±0.08,BE值(-3.51±3.3)mmol/L,乳酸(2.95±3.1)mmol/L]相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),新生儿转科率高于A1组及B组;A3组低1分钟Apgar评分(46.7%)及低5分钟Apgar评分(26.7%)发生率明显高于B组及A1、A2组(P0.01);脐动脉血气分析[pH 7.135±0.08,BE值(-8.55±0.9)mmol/L,乳酸(7.85±1.5)mmol/L)]与B组及A1、A2组相比有显著差异(P0.01),新生儿转科及NICU率明显增加。结论:硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛下第二产程3h新生儿低Apgar评分发生率升高;新生儿脐动脉血p H值下降,BE负值增大,乳酸含量增加,尤其第二产程≥3.5h后变化明显;新生儿短期不良结局发生率升高。     

妊娠期糖尿病新生儿脐血血气分析影响的研究

目的：探讨妊娠期糖尿病（gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM）新生儿脐血血气分析情况及可能影响因素。方法：选择2015年6-8月同济大学附属第一妇婴保健院分娩的单胎GDM孕妇（GDM组）152例和单胎正常孕妇（对照组）152例。152例GDM孕妇中,阴道分娩组69例,剖宫产组83例;非胰岛素治疗组141例,胰岛素治疗组11例。比较2组新生儿脐血血气分析和结局,以及不同分娩方式和治疗方式对GDM新生儿各项指标的影响。结果：GDM组脐静脉血碱剩余（BE）值较正常对照组低,差异有统计学意义（t=2.702,P=0.007）。不同分娩方式GDM新生儿脐动脉血pH值、脐静脉血pH值、脐动脉血BE值、脐静脉血BE值、脐静脉二氧化碳分压[p（CO2）]比较,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;但2组新生儿结局差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。是否采用胰岛素治疗的GDM新生儿脐血血气分析和结局比较差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论：血糖控制良好的GDM新生儿脐血血气分析与正常妊娠者类似,分娩方式及是否采用胰岛素治疗均不影响GDM新生儿结局。     

延迟脐带结扎对极早产儿的临床意义

目的：评价延迟脐带结扎（delayed cord clamping,DCC）对极早产儿预后的影响。方法：选取2019年5月—2021年5月郑州大学第三附属医院阴道分娩的极早产儿,随机分为早期脐带结扎（early cord clamping,ECC）组和DCC组。比较2组的血常规、胆红素值、Apgar评分、平均动脉压、血气、体温,以及新生儿低氧血症、急性呼吸窘迫综合征（acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS）、输血、脑室内出血、坏死性小肠炎、败血症、低血糖、新生儿死亡、高胆红素血症及光疗的发生率。比较2组极早产儿平均住院日和平均住院费用,并比较2组产妇的第三产程和产后出血量。结果：DCC组极早产儿出生时血红蛋白、72 h血红蛋白、出生时红细胞压积、72 h红细胞压积、平均动脉压、出生时胆红素、胆红素峰值均高于ECC组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。DCC组的新生儿低氧血症、ARDS、输血、脑室内出血、坏死性小肠炎、新生儿败血症、低血糖的发生率,以及极早产儿平均住院日、平均住院费用均低于ECC组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组极早产儿的Apgar评分、体温、酸中毒发生率、高胆红素血症发生率、光疗发生率、红细胞增多症发生率及新生儿死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。2组产妇的第三产程及产后出血量比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：DCC是一项可以有效改善极早产儿分娩结局且不增加其他并发症的临床干预措施。     

The value of Doppler velocimetry in umbilical and cerebral artery in pregnancy complicated by IUGR and its influence on mode of delivery and neonatal Apgar score

The most important diagnostic method in pregnancy complicated by IUGR is Doppler flow velocity in placento-fetal circulation. The most useful diagnostic method is the umbilical and pulsatility index and cerebro-placental ratio. DESIGN: The aim of the study is to evaluate the value of pulsatility index umbilical and cerebro-placental ratio in intrauterine growth restriction, the way of delivery and neonatal Apgar score. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was done in Dep. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Medical University in Lodz in 2001-2005 y. The study group consists of 80 women with diagnosed IUGR, control group--50 healthy pregnant women at the same gestational age. The Doppler flow measurement in umbilical and middle cerebral arteries, the way of delivery and Apgar score were estimated. RESULTS: In the group of IUGR in 11 cases the PI value in umbilical artery increased, in 3 cases of this group cerebro-placental ratio was elevated. In control group evaluated blood flow indexes were normal. The ratio of caesarian sections in growth-restricted fetuses group was higher than in control group. The neonatal Apgar score was similar in compared groups. CONCLUSION: In pregnancy complicated by IUGR the Doppler flow measurement was useful to found fetal intrauterine hypoxia.     

体外受精-胚胎移植术后单胎妊娠早产相关因素的临床研究

目的探讨体外受精-胚胎移植术(in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer,IVF-ET)后单胎妊娠孕妇早产的相关因素及新生儿结局。 方法回顾性分析2013年8月至2015年8月在中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院分娩的250例孕产妇临床资料,其中IVF-ET后单胎妊娠早产组(A组)50例,自然妊娠单胎早产组(B组)100例,IVF-ET后单胎妊娠足月分娩组(C组)100例。记录妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压、胎膜早破、前置胎盘或低置胎盘发生率,以及新生儿结局等资料,分析IVF-ET术后单胎妊娠早产相关因素。记录和分析孕期因宫颈机能不全行宫颈环扎术操作的情况。 结果妊娠期并发症、早产儿出生体重和分娩孕周,A组和B组差异无统计学意义。妊娠期高血压(A组14%、C组3%),胎膜早破(A组42%、C组14%),前置胎盘或低置胎盘(A组12%、C组2%),新生儿出生体重[A组(2225±622)g、C组(3231±482)g]、1 min Apgar评分[A组(8.61±1.77)分、C组(9.49±0.94)分],5 min Apgar评分[A组(9.66±0.94)分、C组(9.93±0.29)分],A组和C组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示妊娠期高血压、胎膜早破、前置胎盘或低置胎盘、宫颈机能不全与IVF-ET术后单胎妊娠早产相关。孕期因宫颈机能不全,需行宫颈环扎术的患者,A组为22%,B组为9%,C组为4%,A组与B、C组比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。 结论妊娠期高血压、胎膜早破、前置或低置胎盘、宫颈机能不全是IVF-ET术后单胎妊娠早产的高危因素。IVF-ET术后单胎妊娠早产儿与足月儿相比,出生体重、1 min Apgar评分、5 min Apgar评分均较差。     

脐带螺旋指数与脐动脉血流S/D比值及妊娠结局关系的研究

目的:探讨脐带螺旋指数(umbilical coiling index,UCI)与脐动脉血流收缩期最大血流速度(S)/舒张期末血流速度(D)比值(S/D比值)及妊娠结局之间的关系。方法:选择在我院住院分娩妊娠37~40周的孕产妇720例,计算UCI值,分析UCI与脐动脉血流S/D比值及胎儿窘迫、新生儿体重、新生儿窒息、围产儿死亡、羊水指数、产后出血及剖宫产率之间的关系。结果:UCI正常组与UCI不足组之间脐动脉血流S/D比值及羊水指数、产后出血、剖宫产率无显著差异,UCI不足组胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、围产儿死亡发生率显著高于UCI正常组。UCI过高组的脐动脉血流S/D比值、羊水过少发生率及剖宫产率明显高于UCI不足组,两组间胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、围产儿死亡发生率无显著差异。UCI过高组脐动脉血流S/D比值、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、围产儿死亡、羊水过少发生率及剖宫产率明显高于UCI正常组,两组差异有统计学意义。结论:UCI异常可能与脐动脉血流S/D比值及妊娠结局相关。     

Insulin glargine versus neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin for treatment of diabetes in pregnancy

We compared maternal and neonatal outcomes in diabetic pregnancies treated with either insulin glargine or neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin. We performed a retrospective chart review of diabetic pregnant patients using the Diabetes Care Center of Wake Forest University during the years 2000 to 2005. Outcomes of interest included maternal hemoglobin A1C, average fasting and 2-hour postprandial blood sugars, mode of delivery, birth weight, 5-minute Apgar score < 7, umbilical artery pH < 7.20, incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia, and pregnancy complications. A total of 52 diabetic pregnant patients were included in this study. Twenty-seven women used insulin glargine. A total of 13 women used insulin glargine during the first trimester. Glycemic control was similar in women who used NPH insulin and insulin glargine, as determined by hemoglobin A1C levels and mean blood sugar values. There were no differences in mode of delivery, average birth weight, or neonatal outcomes. Maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes appear similar in pregnant diabetic women who use either NPH insulin or insulin glargine in combination with a short-acting insulin analogue to achieve adequate glycemic control during pregnancy. Insulin glargine appears to be an effective insulin analogue for use in women whose pregnancies are complicated by diabetes.     

Studies on the influence of maternal delivery position on fetal status

The maternal delivery position was evaluated in 148-full term parturient women with various factors including quantitative fetal heart rate (FHR) analysis, the duration of delivery, neonatal Apgar score, the gases and catecholamine in umbilical cord arterial blood and neonatal heart rate (NHR) at 5 minutes after birth. FHR factors, including the FHR score, fetal distress (FD) index, FHR baseline, its variability and acceleration were determined every 5 minutes with a microcomputerized automatic analyser. The rates of vacuum extraction and neonatal depression were lower in the sitting primiparous group than in the supine group. The catecholamine in the umbilical arterial blood and the 5 minutes NHR showed insignificant differences between the two groups. Blood gases in the umbilical arterial blood in the multiparous supine group were significantly better (p less than 0.05) than in the sitting group. The FD index was lower in the primiparous sitting group than that in the supine. The FHR score, FHR baseline and variability amplitude in the sitting group were better than that in the supine. However, there was no significantly favorable difference between factors for any of the sitting and supine groups analysed.     

Risk factors for meconium aspiration in meconium stained amniotic fluid.

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a life-threatening respiratory disease in infants born through meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF). The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors for MAS in the newborns of mothers who had meconium stained amniotic fluid in labour. A retrospective study of all full-term pregnancies with MSAF from May 2003 to October 2004 was designed at a teaching hospital. Development of MAS was the primary outcome. Maternal details, mode of delivery and neonatal details (Apgar score, reassuring or non-reassuring fetal heart rate tracing and birth weight) were evaluated. During the study period, there were 2,603 deliveries of whom 302 (11.6%) had MSAF. MAS developed in 64 of these infants (21.1%). Compared with healthy neonates with MSAF, those with MAS had higher rate of non-reassuring fetal heart rate (FHR) tracing, thick meconium and Apgar score < or =5 at 5 min. The neonatal birth weight was lower in the MAS group, maternal age, parity, gestational age and mode of delivery were not significantly different in the two group. We found the severity of meconium, low Apgar score at 5 min and non-reassuring FHR tracing was associated with MAS in MSAF pregnancies.     

Significance for fetal outcome of poor prognostic features in fetal heart rate traces with variable decelerations

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical significance of the existence of poor prognostic features in fetal heart rate (FHR) traces with variable decelerations. STUDY DESIGN: This study was prospectively performed on 167 randomly selected women with a singleton pregnancy at term. Ninety-one patients had an FHR trace without pathological features. The remaining 76 women had variable decelerations and their FHR traces were analyzed carefully for the existence of poor prognostic features. Fetal and neonatal outcomes were compared in the normal and variable deceleration groups. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between the groups in 1 and 5 minute Apgar scores, fetal heart rate (FHR), umbilical artery blood pH, pCO2; whereas no significant differences were found in the levels of umbilical artery HCO3, pO2. CONCLUSION: Prolonged deceleration had the highest specificity for 1 minute Apgar score < 7.5 minute Apgar score < 7 and umbilical artery blood pH < 7.20 (95.0%, 96.3%, 97.5%, respectively). Loss of variability during deceleration showed the highest specificity for the same fetal features (66.7%, 72.3%, 63.9%, respectively). All other poor prognostic features had high specificities but low sensitivities.     

Subclassification of small-for-gestational-age fetus using fetal Doppler velocimetry

Our purpose was to determine whether small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetus can be divided to subclassified groups using fetal Doppler velocimetry. Fifty-four pregnant women with SGA infant delivered after 37 weeks of gestation were studied. After 24 weeks of gestation, fetal middle cerebral artery puslatility index (MCAPI) and umbilical artery pulsatility index (UAPI) were measured at 2- to 3-week intervals using Doppler ultrasound. Perinatal outcomes [operative delivery due to fetal distress, abnormal fetal heart rate (FHR) pattern, meconium staining, low Apgar score (<7), neonatal acidosis (umbilical artery blood pH <7.15), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission due to neonatal asphyxia, and decreased amniotic fluid] were compared in subclassified SGA groups using fetal Doppler velocimetry. The number of SGA fetuses with normal MCAPI and UAPI (normal SGA group) was 39, and those with significantly low MCAPI but normal UAPI (eventful SGA group) 15, respectively. Birth age and birth weights in the eventful SGA group were significantly earlier and lower than those in the normal SGA group, respectively (p < 0.05, and p < 0.005). There were significant increases in operative deliveries, abnormal FHR patterns and decreased amniotic fluid in eventful SGA group, when compared with events related to normal SGA group. However, there were no significant differences in meconium staining of amniotic fluid, low Apgar score, neonatal acidosis, and NICU admission between the two groups. These results suggest that SGA fetus with abnormally low MCAPI but normal UAPI has more poor perinatal outcomes, compared with that with normal MCAPI and UAPI.     

急诊剖宫产自决定手术至胎儿娩出时间的影响因素及其与新生儿预后的关系

目的:分析剖宫产从决定手术至胎儿娩出时间(DDI)的影响因素,以及急诊剖宫产DDI对新生儿预后的影响.方法:对472例剖宫产患者根据Lucas分类法分为两组:急诊剖宫产组(291例)与非急诊剖宫产组(181例);急诊剖宫产组中分为DDI≤30分钟组和DDI>30分钟组,分别回顾性分析影响DDI的重要因素、以及DDI对新生儿Apgar评分及脐动脉血气的影响.结果:①急诊剖宫产组的DDI为35.5±11.6分钟,其中210例(72.2%)DDI≤30分钟;非急诊剖宫产组DDI为49.3±22.8分钟,其中86例(47.5%)DDI≤30分钟;②急诊剖宫产组中,与DDI>30分钟相比,DDI≤30分钟可明显改善新生儿脐动脉血pH值以及1分钟Apgar评分(P<0.05);但5分钟Apgar评分比较,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);③DDI>30分钟的主要原因为将孕妇由产房或待产室运送至手术室的耗时(56例,69.1%).结论:并非所有急诊剖宫产手术均能达到DDI≤30分钟的标准,尽量缩短DDI时间有助于最终改善新生儿预后.