某高校大学城首届新生患病情况分析

目的 了解大学新生患病情况,以便及时调整医疗措施,更好地开展预防保健工作.方法 对华南师范大学大学城校区2004级4 000名新生第1学期就诊情况进行登记,然后对资料进行整理、归纳、分析.结果 在第1学期,看病总人次为5 687人,平均每人看病1.42次;男生与女生就诊人数相当;9月份就诊人数为1 762人,占该学期5个月的30.98 %;大学新生所患疾病以呼吸道疾病所占比例较大,为2 981人次,占总患病人次的52.42 %,其次以皮肤病、外伤、消化系统疾病和眼部疾病较多见.结论 就诊高峰在新生刚入校并进行军训的9月份,呼吸道疾病占首位.学校应加强新生的预防保健特别是呼吸道疾病的防治,做好军训期间的医疗保障和健康教育,提高新生的适应能力和健康知识.     

青岛农业大学新生门诊就诊疾病分布特征分析

目的 了解青岛农业大学2009 ～2010级大学新生门诊就诊疾病的分布特征,为高校有效开展预防保健、健康教育和医疗服务工作提供依据.方法 以青岛农业大学2009 ～2010级全体10 858名大学新生为研究对象,对门诊就诊疾病进行分类统计.结果 青岛农业大学新生门诊就诊疾病前8位依次为呼吸系统疾病(19.59％)、消化系统疾病(18.39％)、外伤(16.45％)、痛经(14.86％)、皮肤病(10.25％)、口腔疾病(9.01％)、急性化脓性感染(5.97％)、其他(5.48％).2009级大学新生以9月(378人次)、12月(296人次)、6月(227人次)及11月(220人次)的门诊就诊疾病人数最高.第1学期的门诊就诊率高于第2学期的门诊就诊率,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)；2010级大学新生以9月(377人次)、3月(252人次)、6月(236人次)及12月(225人次)的门诊就诊疾病人数最高,第1学期的门诊就诊率高于第2学期的门诊就诊率,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；女生就诊率高于男生,城镇学生就诊率显著高于农村学生,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01)；2个年级大学新生门诊疾病就诊率之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 高校应加强大学新生的预防保健及卫生知识的宣传,采取综合干预措施,减少大学新生疾病就诊率.     

2017—2019年川北医学院新生军训常见疾病分析

目的 了解2017—2019年川北医学院大一新生军训期间就诊疾病情况,以便制定有效防治措施。方法 对2017—2019年大一新生军训期间就诊情况(时间、性别、年龄、诊断等)进行统计分析。结果 2017—2019年12 090名新生军训14 d,患病2933人次,患病率24.26%。其中,最常见的是呼吸道疾病(10.22％),消化系统疾病(4.16％),运动损伤(3.52％),其次是皮肤病、中暑、痛经等;男女学生诊断疾病构成比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。3年来,学生就诊均在第5天达到顶峰,对新生进行健康教育后,就诊人次数明显减少。结论 大学新生常见的疾病种类很多(感冒、胃炎、扭伤等);新生由于环境、饮食和军事训练的变化而消耗大量体力,并且容易患上呼吸道、消化系统和创伤等疾病;相关部门健康宣教,学生提高自我保护和保健意识,教练合理安排军事训练强度,能有效减少新生军训期间患病。     

深圳大学新生军事训练期间常见病的调查

目的调查大学新生军训期间常见好发疾病、集中发病时间及性别差异,以便今后更好地采取预防和及时治疗的措施。方法依据设计的"大学生军训疾病登记表"对就诊学生进行逐项登记,总结。结果2 225名新生在为时2周的军训期间患病人次率达127.73%;呼吸系统疾病第7～12天发病人数达高峰(144.5人/d),外伤性疾病第3～11天达高峰(55.89人/d),消化系统疾病在第3～10天达高峰(27.88人/d),晒伤(日光性皮炎)在第4～10天达高峰(42.86人/d),过敏症患者第7～10天达高峰(15.25人/d)。呼吸系统疾病男生占52.48%,女生占30.47%,外伤男生占24.17%,女生占16.21%,晒伤男生占1.75%,女生占27.37%,中暑女生占4.78%,男生占1.40%。结论大学新生由于环境、饮食及军训体能运动改变较大,极易发生呼吸和消化系统疾病以及外伤、晒伤、过敏及中暑等疾病,因此必须采取预防措施减少疾病的发生或群发。     

北京大学新生军训期间常见病发病情况调查

目的了解高校新生军训期间常见病发病情况,为军训疾病防治工作提供科学依据。方法以2011年北京大学参加军训的新生3412人为调查对象,对发病情况进行调查分析。结果本次军训期间共5349人次就诊,其中男生2551人次,占47．6％;女生2798人次,占52．4％。就诊率最高的是呼吸系统疾病,占40．5％;其余依次是外伤占15．2％,女性痛经占8．5％,晒伤占6．8％,中暑占4．1％。结论军训期间易发生呼吸系统疾病、外伤、痛经、晒伤及中暑等疾病,应开展有效预防措施,降低此类疾病的发生。     

安庆师范学院大龙山校区2011级新生军训期间患病情况分析

目的了解高校新生军训期间常见病患病情况,为军训常见病防治工作提供科学依据。方法以安庆师范学院大龙山校区2011年全体军训学生共4 688人为调查对象,对2011年入学新生军训期间在医疗服务站点和校医院门诊就诊的新生数及疾病情况进行统计分析。结果新生军训期间就诊率高,就诊疾病以呼吸系统疾病、消化道系统疾病、外伤、皮肤病、五官科疾病以及其他一些常见病为主。结论军训期间应开展有效的健康指导和防护措施,提高新生的自我防护能力,降低军训期间常见病的发生。     

山东科技大学5年新生军训期间常见病分析

目的了解高校新生军训期间常见病患病情况,为军训常见病防治工作提供科学依据。方法以2004-2008年山东科技大学入校参加军训的25592名新生为调查对象,对不同性别、不同年份新生的患病情况进行比较。结果新生军训期间就诊率高,就诊疾病以呼吸系统疾病(7.10%)、各类皮炎(4.87%)、消化系统疾病(4.15%)为主。结论军训期间应开展有效的健康指导,提高新生的自我防护能力,降低军训期间常见病的发生。     

高职新生军训期间皮肤病影响因素分析及对策

目的：通过高职新生军训期间皮肤病的就诊情况,分析疾病影响因素,为军训期间常见皮肤病防治工作提供依据。方法：调查5 493名2011-2012年参加军训的大学新生,从性别、城乡、地域角度,对其在军训期间皮肤病的就诊情况进行分析。结果：皮肤病位居新生军训期间就诊疾病的第三位,皮肤病就诊率及部分病种在性别、城乡、地域方面存在差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：军训前应及时做好针对性的健康教育,加强服务理念和服务保障,积极防治皮肤病的发生。     

东北农业大学学生门诊就诊情况分析

目的了解在校大学生发病特点、规律及主要病因,为提高学生健康水平提供依据。方法对2006年东北农业大学在校医院就诊学生28 662人次的患病情况进行统计分析。结果3月、9月、12月为就诊高峰;内科疾病最多,占66.70%,其次为耳鼻喉科疾病、外科疾病,分别占15.43%、7.84%;内科疾病中以呼吸系统疾病居首位,占51.02%,排在第2位的是消化系统疾病,占9.98%。结论大学生的身体健康问题不容忽视,高校必须重视,开展多种形式的文体活动,强化健康教育,提高大学生的卫生保健水平,降低发病率。     

厦门大学医院门诊口腔疾病发病特点

为了解大学医院门诊患者口腔疾病发病特点 ,给广大教职工和学生的口腔疾病预防提供依据 ,对就诊患者进行了分析。口腔门诊疾病共 7种 ,龋病所占比例最大。其中龋病、冠周炎、口腔溃疡 3种疾病就诊占总就诊人次的 68.75 %     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Hydrazine inhalation hepatotoxicity

Abstract Hydrazine is a hazardous chemical commonly used as a reactant in rocket and jet fuel cells. Animal studies have demonstrated hepatic changes after hydrazine inhalation. Human case reports of hydrazine inhalation hepatotoxicity are rare. We report a case of mild hepatotoxicity following brief hydrazine vapour inhalation in a healthy young man, which resolved completely on expectant management.     

Fitness standards in airline staff

Employers have a legal duty to manage safety and to meet this duty it is necessary to control risks arising from pre-existing medical conditions. Such conditions can be identified at the time of job placement, but there is little published information about the approach to fitness standards by most airlines. This review is therefore limited to the practice of one major airline. It is illustrated by reference to various occupations within the airline, with the associated rationale.