滁州市公共场所卫生监测结果及分析

目的：了解滁州市公共场所卫生管理现状，分析影响公共场所卫生质量的主要因素，为提高公共场所卫生管理水平提供依据。方法；按照《公共场所卫生标准监测检验技术规范》要求，对滁洲市97家公共场所进行卫生监测。结果：滁州市不同行业公共场所的公共用品，金黄色葡萄球菌检测合格率均为100％，客房公共用品菌落总数合格率为91．8％，大肠菌群合格率98．6％。美容美发工具菌落总数合格率84．4％，大肠菌群合格率100％。文化娱乐场所用品菌落总数合格率51．5％，大肠菌群合格率89．4％。洗浴场所公共用品菌落总数合格率75．8％，大肠菌群合格率88．3％。商场（店）、宾馆（旅社）空气质量明显优于美容美发和文化娱乐场所。结论：滁洲市公共场所卫生状况不容乐观，卫生部门要加强监督监测的力度和现场卫生技术指导。     

2008～2012年武鸣县公共场所卫生现状调查

目的了解武鸣县公共场所旅店业、美容美发业公共用品的卫生状况,进一步提高卫生质量,并为卫生监督工作提供参考。方法对2008—2012年公共场所的公共用品进行采样检测,所得数据采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计学分析。结果本次总共检测公共用品样品为1039件,合格811件,合格率为78．06％。不同场所的检测结果中,旅店业合格率为80．86％,美容美发业合格率73．32％。微生物检测结果,检测项次数3117,检测合格项次数2685,项次合格率为86．14％,其中细菌总数合格率为77．10％,大肠菌群合格率为81．33％,致病菌合格率为100．00％。结论武鸣县公共场所旅店业、美容美发业公共用品卫生质量逐年上升,但检测结果合格率仍处于较低水平,尤其是细菌总数超标较多,美容美发业合格率明显低于旅店业,必须加强公共用品消毒工作。     

包头市青山区公共场所公共用品的卫生状况

目的了解包头市青山区公共场所公共用品的微生物污染状况。方法按GB/T18204-2000《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》进行检验,按WS205-2001《公共场所用品卫生标准》进行卫生学评价。结果美发厅毛巾合格率偏低,细菌总数合格率仅为65.57%,大肠菌群合格率为90.16%;旅店业和洗浴场所公共用品细菌总数合格率仅为67.91%,大肠菌群总体合格率为83.96%;均未检出金黄色葡萄球菌。美发厅空气细菌总数合格率仅为68.88%,旅店业空气细菌总数合格率为76.92%。结论青山区公共场所的卫生状况不容乐观,建议卫生监督部门应加大执法力度、加强管理,加强公共场所的消毒监测工作。     

延平区2012年公共场所卫生监测分析

目的了解南平市延平区公共场所的卫生状况,找出存在的问题,为制定管理措施提供依据。方法按GB/T18204-2000《公共场所卫生标准检测方法》,抽取部分有代表性的旅店、美容美发、歌舞厅采样监测,用仪器法检测空气,用试纸斑贴法检测饮具和公共用品。按GB/T 17220-1998《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》进行监测,按《公共场所卫生标准》进行卫生学评价。结果 2012年共监测旅店业102户次408项次,合格率94.4%;美容美发业220户次880项次,合格率94.3%;文化娱乐场所100户次400项次,合格率80.5%,以文化娱乐场所合格率最低。美容美发业的噪声、公共用品消毒合格率最高（97.3%和93.2%）,旅店业的空气细菌总数合格率最高（93.1%）,合格率最低的是娱乐场所噪声（85.0%）、空气细菌总数（71.0%）和公共用品消毒效果（76.0%）。结论影响公共场所空气卫生质量主要以微生物污染为主。以娱乐场所合格率最低,建议加强监督监测。     

黄岩区旅店业美容美发业公共用品卫生质量调查

目的 了解本区旅店业、美容美发业公共用品卫生状况，确保使用安全，预防疾病传播。方法 抽取旅店、美容美发店15家对其公共用品进行细菌总数、大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌检测。结果 旅店业卫生洁具有金黄色葡萄球菌检出，最高检出率为19.2%，茶（漱）具大肠菌群检出率为15.7%，美容业中美容盆大肠菌群、金黄色葡萄球菌均有检出、检出率分别为33.3%，20.0%。结论 从业人员卫生知识缺乏、消毒不严格、操作不规范。应增强从业人员卫生知识培训，提高自身管理能力，采用有效的消毒物品及方法。     

包头市九原区沙河镇公共场所公共用品的卫生状况

目的了解包头市九原区沙河镇公共场所公共用品的微生物污染状况。方法按GB／T18204—2000《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》进行检验，按WS205—2001《公共场所用品卫生标准》进行卫生学评价。结果美发厅毛巾合格率偏低，细菌总数合格率仅为65．57％，大肠菌群合格率为90．16％；旅店业和洗浴场所公共用品细菌总数合格率仅为67，91％，大肠菌群总体合格率为83．96％；均未检出金黄色葡萄球菌。美发厅空气细菌总数合格率仅为68．88％，旅店业空气细菌总数合格率为76．92％。结论包头市九原区沙河镇公共场所的卫生状况不容乐观，建议卫生监督部门应加大执法力度、加强管理，加强公共场所的消毒监测工作。     

唐山市丰润区公共场所公共用品卫生监测结果

目的了解唐山市丰润区公共场所公共用品的卫生状况,为监督管理工作提供科学依据。方法按照GB/T 17220-1998《公共场所卫生检测技术规范》,对丰润区4类公共场所的公共用品和空气采样进行了微生物学检测。结果共检测各类样品1 804份,合格1 635份,合格率为90.63%;旅店业合格率最高,公共浴室合格率最低,其中以浴缸和拖鞋合格率最低;空气质量的优劣依次为旅店业、美容美发业、公共浴室、文化娱乐场所。结论丰润区文化娱乐场所空气和洗浴业公共用品的卫生状况较差,应加强公共场所卫生管理工作。     

内蒙古自治区4个城市公共场所公共用品用具卫生状况分析

目的了解内蒙古自治区公共场所公共用品用具卫生质量,为公共场所卫生管理提供科学依据。方法对内蒙古自治区4市215家公共场所公共用品用具采样进行微生物指标检测。结果公共场所公共用品用具总体合格率为93.9%,宾馆(酒店)、理发、美容和沐浴场所公共用品用具合格率分别为95.2%(5 071/5 324)、84.2%(346/411)、92.3%(349/378)和91.0%(778/855),合格率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=99.072,P0.05);宾馆(酒店)业毛巾细菌总数合格率最低,为93.0%;理发店毛巾和理发梳的细菌总数合格率较低,分别为82.2%和90.0%;美容店美容面盆的细菌总数和大肠菌群合格率偏低,为85.5%和93.6%;沐浴场所的拖鞋细菌总数和真菌总数合格率较低,为70.2%和86.4%;公共用品用具的细菌总数、大肠菌群、金黄色葡萄球菌和真菌总数等指标的合格率分别为94.1%、99.6%、99.8%和86.4%,合格率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=748.716,P0.05)。结论内蒙古自治区公共场所公共用品用具卫生质量总体较好,但理发店的公共用品用具以及美容店的美容面盆和沐浴场所的拖鞋应加强监管,以保障消费者的身心健康。     

无锡市南长区公共场所中公共用品消毒情况的调查

为了解我区公共用品消毒情况 ,对辖区内旅店业、浴室业、美容美发业等公共场所的公共用品进行了清洗消毒后采样监测 ,现将监测结果报告如下。1　材料与方法1 1　材料　本辖区内旅店业、浴室业、美容美发业等公共场所的公共用品随机抽检 2 5 6件。检测项目有细菌总数、大肠菌群(定性 )、金黄色葡萄球菌、霉菌等。1 2　方法和评价依据　采样检验方法按GB/T 172 2 0 -1998《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》、GB/T 182 0 4-2 0 0 0《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》 ;评价标准依据GB 9663 -9673 -1996、GB 1615 3 -1996《公共场所卫生标准》进行。2…     

2016年雨城区公共场所用品用具微生物检测结果分析

目的 了解雅安市雨城区2016年公共场所用品用具消毒效果情况,为采取有针对性改善措施提供依据.方法 按照《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》(GB/T 18204.4—2013),对雨城区2016年公共场所的茶具、床上卧具(枕套、被套、床单)、毛巾、理发工具等进行细菌总数、大肠菌群、致病菌检测并分析.结果 公共场所用品总合格率为99.16%,美容美发、公共浴室(洗浴足浴)、旅店住宿、文化娱乐场所用品消毒合格率分别为100.00%、99.48%、99.25%、97.68%;床上卧具、毛巾、杯具细菌总数合格率分别为99.78%、99.03%、95.87%,床上卧具、毛巾、杯具大肠菌群合格率分别为99.12%、99.03%、96.86%.结论 雨城区公共场所消毒合格率较高,但文化娱乐场所及杯具类样品监测合格率最低,今后应有针对性的加强文化娱乐强场所和杯具用品的卫生消毒管理.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Beef in Italy

Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products.     

Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.     

Increase in social inequality in health expectancy in Denmark

AIMS: Health expectancy represents the average lifetime in various states of health and differs among social groups. The purpose of the study was to determine trends in social inequality in health expectancy since 1994 between groups with high, medium and low educational levels in Denmark. METHODS: The study was based on data from nationwide registers on educational level and mortality during the period 1994-2005 and data on health status derived from the Danish Health Interview Surveys carried out in 1994, 2000 and 2005. Expected lifetime in self-rated good and poor health, lifetime without and with longstanding illness and expected lifetime without and with long-lasting difficulties or restrictions were estimated by Sullivan's method. RESULTS: Between 1994 and 2005, life expectancy at age 30 years increased by 1.9 years for men and 1.5 years for women with a low educational level. For people with a high educational level, the increase was 2.7 years for men and 2.2 years for women. The difference between people with low and high educational level in expected lifetime in self-rated good health increased by 2.0 and 1.3 years for 30-year-old men and women, respectively. The social gap also increased for other indicators. CONCLUSIONS: During the past 12 years, social inequality in life expectancy and health expectancy has increased in Denmark, but the proportion of the population with a low educational level has decreased.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。