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1.
目的 了解洪灾对人群健康和价值的损害程度。方法 应用标化死亡率和潜在寿命损失年数(WYPLL)、潜在工作损失年数(VYPLL)、潜在价值损失年数(VYPLL)对湖南省洞庭湖水域部分洪灾区人群1995—1999年的死亡情况进行分析。结果 灾区与非灾区两人群死因顺位一致,但损伤、中毒和肿瘤死因的死亡专率,灾区显著高于非灾区。在死因构成中损伤、中毒死亡居第三位,肿瘤居第四位;但在YPLL、WYPLL分析中则跃居第一位和第二位。两人群各年龄段的YPLL、WYPLL、VYPLL分析显示灾区人群40—59岁的各种死亡损失均高于非灾区。结论 降低洪灾区人群损伤、中毒和肿瘤死亡率和重视40—59岁年龄段人群劳动力的保护有重要的社会和经济意义。  相似文献   

2.
洪灾对人群疾病影响的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
目的 研究洪灾对人群疾病的即时及滞后影响。方法 对1996年和1998年均遭受特大洪灾的地区按洪灾类型分层抽样,并设立非灾区对照,回顾调查1996~1999年洪灾区和非灾区人群各类疾病发病情况。结果 洪灾区人群1996、1998年急性传染病发病率分别为863.181/10万和736.591/10万,均高于非灾区年均发病率;但灾后一年的发病率与非灾区无差异,循环系统、神经系统、消化系统、损伤与中毒等8大类慢性非传染病的患病率灾区高于非灾区。山洪区的发病水平最高,溃垸区居中,内渍区最低。实施卫生干预较多的地区肠道和呼吸道传染病发病率低于卫生干预较少的地区。结论 洪灾可致人群急性传染病和慢性非传染病的发病率水平升高,防疫救灾工作在预防和控制急性传染病的同时,应加入针对非传染病的干预措施。  相似文献   

3.
昆明市2004年居民病伤死亡水平及死亡原因分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的分析昆明市居民死亡水平、死亡原因分布及特征,为制定卫生政策并采取相应疾病预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性调查研究的方式,对昆明市2004年发生的全部死亡居民进行普查,死亡资料使用死因统计分析软件Death Reg 2005进行统计分析。结果2004年昆明市居民死亡率为6.39/‰(标化率为5.04‰),男性死亡率高于女性,郊县高于市区:前4位死因依次为心脑血管疾病、呼唤系统疾病、肿瘤、损伤与中毒;中老年死亡以心脑血管疾病、肿瘤和呼吸系统疾病为主.损伤与中毒是儿童和青壮年人群的主要死因,也是造成居民潜在寿命损失的第1位原因。结论应针对不同目标人群.加强心脑血管疾病、慢性阻塞性肺部疾病、肿瘤和损伤与中毒的预防控制工作,以降低居民死亡率,提高期望寿命。  相似文献   

4.
目的了解辽宁省葫芦岛市城市居民的健康状况和主要疾病死亡原因,为政府部门制定卫生规划和疾病预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法按国际疾病分类法ICD-10标准进行分类,统计分析2006年葫芦岛市城区居民死因监测资料。计算各种死亡疾病的减寿率。结果2006葫芦岛市城市居民前5位死因为:循环系统疾病、肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、损伤中毒及消化系统疾病,死亡率分别为204.98/10万、120.43/10万、29:88/10万、21.01/10万及19.61/10万。减寿分析表明,循环系统疾病、恶性肿瘤及损伤中毒是影响葫芦岛市城市居民人群寿命上升的三大主要疾病。结论慢性非传染性疾病及损伤中毒已经成为严重影响葫芦岛市居民健康的主要疾病,应进一步加强对这方面的预防控制工作。  相似文献   

5.
宜昌市1978~1999年居民死因流行病学特征及减寿分析   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
目的:研究宜昌市居民病伤死亡流行病学特征及减寿水平。方法:采用流行病学方法、统计学方法和计算机技术,分析评判居民病伤死因构成及减寿损失之间的逻辑效应关系。结果:1978-1999年宜昌市城区居民前5位主要死因分别为循环系统疾病、肿瘤、损伤与中毒、呼吸系统疾病、传染病。其中:①循环系统疾病死亡率达191.60/10万,在居民病伤死因中所占位置始终是第1位。男性循环系统疾病平均年死亡率为179.92/10万,女性为204.64/10万,女性高于男性。②恶性肿瘤一直居死亡原因第2位,年均死亡率为85.62/10万,男性105.44/10万高于女性63.48/10万。③损伤与中毒总死亡率由1978年的71.35/10万下降至1999年的45.20/10万。但仍占居民病伤总死亡率的第3位。损伤与中毒死亡原因主要是交通事故、淹死和自杀。减寿损失损伤与中毒最高占17.80%;肿瘤次之占10.70%。结论:居民病伤死因顺位及构成已发生了明显改变,由循环系病取代传染病成为第1位死因,死亡年龄日趋老年化,应加强对慢性非传染性疾病防治工作的力度;另外面对伤害的减寿率居高不下的现实,应引起有关部门对青年少生命健康的高度重视。  相似文献   

6.
目的了解青岛市黄岛区居民死亡水平和主要死亡原因,为制定卫生政策、卫生规划提供科学依据。方法对2007年黄岛区死因监测资料进行整理分析。结果2007年黄岛区年均死亡率为314.59/10万,标化死亡率为303.15/10万,男、女性死亡率分别为357.01/10万和268.27/10万,男性死亡率高于女性(P〈0.01)。居民主要死因顺位前5位依次是肿瘤、心脏病、损伤和中毒、脑血管病、呼吸系统疾病,占死亡总人数的85.22%。其中肿瘤是居民死亡率最高的死因,占全部死因构成的37.16%,损伤和中毒外部原因是造成地区居民寿命损失的第1位原因,平均减寿30.12年。结论慢性非传染性疾病已成为危害青岛市黄岛区居民健康的主要因素,开展慢病的综合防治应列为今后社区防治的重点。  相似文献   

7.
广东省四会市2004-2010年居民死因监测结果分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的分析广东四会市2004-2010年居民死亡趋势、死因谱,掌握四会市居民主要疾病谱和变化趋势,为卫生政策制定和资源配置提供科学依据。方法收集2004-2005年四会市第3次死因回顾调查资料以及2006-2010年居民常规死因监测资料,采用国际疾病分类ICD-10进行编码,运用Excel和SPSS13.0进行统计分析,计算人群粗死亡率、标化死亡率、死因构成、平均期望寿命等指标。结果2004-2010年四会市居民年平均死亡率为581.51/10万(标化死亡率为470.80/10万),其中男性平均死亡率为610.28/10万(标化死亡率为667.89/10万),女性平均死亡率为550.93/10万(标化死亡率为321.72/10万),两者差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。前5位死因依次为呼吸系统疾病、循环系统疾病、肿瘤、损伤和中毒、消化系统疾病,前5位死因合计占全死因构成的89.78%。起源于围生期的某些疾病是0—4岁组居民的首位死因,损伤和中毒是5~19岁组居民的首位死因,肿瘤是20-59岁组居民的首位死因,呼吸系统疾病、循环系统疾病、肿瘤是60岁及以上居民的前3位死因。结论起源于围生期的某些疾病、损伤和中毒、慢性病是四会市居民的主要死亡原因,育龄妇女应加强产检,预防婴幼儿围生期疾病,儿童青年应着重加强损伤和中毒的预防,中老年人应加强呼吸系统疾病、循环系统疾病、肿瘤等慢性病的防治。  相似文献   

8.
目的了解宣汉县居民的主要死因,为制定疾病防治策略提供科学依据。方法根据死因登记报告信息系统数据进行描述性统计分析。结果宣汉县2008年疾病监测点报告死亡率535.23/10万,标化死亡率458.54/10万。前3位居民主要死因为循环系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、损伤与中毒。0~75岁居民全死因减寿年数(PYLL)为46096人/年,以标化PYLL率计,导致寿命损失的前3位死因是损伤与中毒、肿瘤、循环系统疾病。结论慢性非传染性疾病已成为危害该县居民健康的主要死因,损伤与中毒是造成居民“早死”的主要死因。  相似文献   

9.
目的了解广东省城乡居民死亡率水平、死因构成和变化趋势,掌握主要死亡原因和人群分布特征。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法在广东省抽取13个县区开展2004-2005年居民死因回顾性调查,对其中12个县区的资料进行分析,分析指标主要有死亡率、标化死亡率、死因构成和死因顺位。结果广东省12个调查点2004-2005年共死亡99919例,年均粗死亡率为658.6/10万,标化死亡率436.3/10万。男性标化死亡率(549.4/10万)高于女性(334.0/10万)(P〈0.01),农村标化死亡率(458.6/10万)高于城市(387.2/10万)(P〈0.叭);慢性非传染性疾病、损伤和中毒、感染性疾病和母婴疾病死亡率分别为560.6/10万、50.9/10万和34.1/10万,分别占总死因的85.1%、7.7%和5.2%。前5位死因是恶性肿瘤、脑血管疾病、心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、损伤和中毒。5岁以下幼儿死亡率最高是围生期疾病,占总死因的35.1%,5—14岁儿童首位死因是损伤和中毒(55.8%),15~59岁青壮年首位死因是恶性肿瘤(38.1%),60岁及以上老年人首位死因是循环系统疾病(44.5%)。居民平均寿命为75.5岁,每年各类疾病和损伤导致全省居民潜在寿命损失年(YPLL)估计为340.6万人年,男性207.9万人年,女性132.7万人年,城市142.6万人年,农村198.0万人年。慢性非传染性疾病、损伤和中毒、感染性疾病和母婴疾病导致的YPLL分别为164.1、116.3、49.2万人年,分别占总死亡YPLL的48.2%、34.1%、14.4%。结论广东省居民死亡率较高,居民主要死于慢性非传染性疾病,慢性病已成为危害居民健康的重大疾病,应采取综合防治措施遏制慢性病的发展。  相似文献   

10.
临沂市河东区1995~2004年居民死因调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:摸清临沂市河东区1995-2004年居民死因状况.为预防和治疗疾病提供依据。方法:采用分层整体随机抽样方法,调查研究1995~2004年间居民死因资料。结果:年平均死亡率为613.84/10万,标化死亡率为462.33/10万。主要死因顺位为循环系统疾病、肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病和损伤与中毒,其构成占全死因的71.88%。结论:应加慢慢性非传染性疾病的防治工作。  相似文献   

11.
根据1985及1987年在上海、北京、辽宁、山东、河北、陕西、甘肃及贵州进行深入的生育力调查中的婴幼儿死亡资料,对中国八省市30年来婴幼儿死亡率作了统计分析。100645名活产婴儿的死亡资料的统计结果表明,30年来婴幼儿死亡率显著下降,从60年代中期到1980~1984年,婴幼儿死亡率降低了62%,婴儿死亡率降低了56%,1~4岁幼儿死亡率降低了76%。1980~1984年八省市平均的婴幼儿死亡率为48‰,婴儿死亡率39‰,幼儿死亡率9‰,新生儿死亡率26‰。据此推算我国婴儿死亡率1975~1979年在50‰左右,1980~1984年在40‰左右。中国婴幼儿死亡率存在明显的地区差异,贵州省与上海市相比,婴幼儿死亡率高3倍,婴儿死亡率高2.4倍,幼儿死亡率高5.1倍。  相似文献   

12.
为了解西北地区的儿童健康状况,我们对1996年陕西、青海、宁夏和新疆四省(区)的妇幼卫生年报进行汇总分析。结果:(1)在西北四省(区)中,婴儿死亡率最低的是陕西省(21.34‰);最高的是青海省(61.70‰)。与1995年相比,陕西、宁夏、新疆三省(区)的婴儿死亡率均有所下降,但青海省的婴儿死亡率(61.70‰)却高于1995年(49.48‰)。新生儿死亡率与婴儿死亡率之比分别为7O.47%(陕西)、67.53%(青海)、52.67%(新疆)、68.60%(宁夏)。从新生儿死亡率与婴儿死亡率之比来看,各省均低于或接近70%。(2)1996年5岁以下儿童死亡率,除青海省外,均比1995年有所下降,但仍然比全国的平均水平(26.99‰)要高许多。(3)在5岁儿童体重低于:中位数—2SD”百分比这一指标中,除青海省该指标为8.73%以上,另外3省(区)均低于<5%,说明营养问题在该地区还不算是重要问题。另外,从低出生体重百分比这一指标来看,低出生体重百分比均较低(<2%),但是5岁儿童体重低于“中位数—2SD”百比这一指标中又均接近4%左右,从低出生体重百分比<2%到5岁儿童体重低于“中位数—2SD”百分比接近4%,说明出生后该地区仍有营养跟不上的问题。(4)在7岁以下儿童保健系统管理、3岁儿童保健系统管理和新生儿访视3个指标中青海省的率最低,分别仅有15.96%、11.7  相似文献   

13.

Background

Green tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages in Asia. While a possible protective role of green tea against various chronic diseases has been suggested in experimental studies, evidence from human studies remains controversial.

Methods

We conducted this study using data from Shanghai Men's Health Study (SMHS) and Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS), two population-based prospective cohorts of middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults in urban Shanghai, China. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with green tea intake were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Results

During a median follow-up of 8.3 and 14.2 years for men and women, respectively, 6517 (2741 men and 3776 women) deaths were documented. We found that green tea consumption was inversely associated with risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90–1.01), particularly among never-smokers (HR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82–0.96). The inverse association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (HR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77–0.97) was slightly stronger than that with all-cause mortality. No significant association was observed between green tea intake and cancer mortality (HR 1.01; 95% CI, 0.93–1.10).

Conclusions

Green tea consumption may be inversely associated with risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults, especially among never smokers.  相似文献   

14.
目的:探讨宁波市居民伤害的死亡特征、分布规律和对居民健康的影响,为预防和控制提供科学依据。方法:收集宁波市2006--2007年居民伤害死因监测资料进行统计分析。结果:宁波市居民伤害位居全死因的第4位,但在潜在寿命损失年排位中跃居第2位。标化死亡率为47.83/10万,男女性别比为1.48:1。伤害前5位的死因分别是机动车交通事故、意外跌落、其他意外事故和有害效应、淹死和自杀,共占总死因的85.75%。结论:伤害是宁波市一个严重的公共卫生问题,应予以重视和控制。  相似文献   

15.
The associations between temperature and daily mortality was studied among the citizens of Oslo, Norway, 1990–1995. Data on daily mortality were linked with daily temperatures, relative humidity, wind velocity and air pollution. At temperatures below 10 °C, a 1 °C fall in the last 7 days average temperature increased the daily mortality from all diseases by 1.4%, respiratory diseases 2.1%, and cardiovascular diseases 1.7%. Above 10 °C, there was no statistically significant increase in daily mortality, except for respiratory mortality, which increased by 4.7% per 1 °C increase in the last 7 days average temperature. Daily mortality in Oslo increases with temperatures falling below 10 °C. The increase starts at lower temperatures than shown in warmer regions of the world, but at higher temperatures than in regions with even colder climates. As well insulated and heated dwellings are standard in Norway today, more adequate clothing during outdoor visits is probably the most important preventive measure for temperature related mortality.  相似文献   

16.
BACKGROUND: This study aims at estimating the contribution of alcohol to socioeconomic mortality differentials in Sweden. METHODS: Data were obtained from a Census-linked Deaths Registry. Participants in the 1980 and 1990 censuses were included with a follow-up of mortality 1990-1995. Socioeconomic status was assigned from occupation in 1990 or 1980. Alcohol-related deaths were defined from underlying or contributory causes. Poison regressions were applied to compute age-adjusted mortality rate ratios for all-causes, alcohol-related and other causes among 30-79-year-olds. The contribution of alcohol to mortality differentials was calculated from absolute differences. RESULTS: Around 5% (9,547) of all deaths were alcohol-related (30-79 years). For both sexes, manual workers, lower nonmanuals, entrepreneurs and unclassifiable groups had significantly higher alcohol-related mortality than did upper nonmanuals. Male farmers had significantly lower such mortality. The contribution of alcohol to excess mortality over that of upper nonmanuals was greatest among middle-aged (40-59 years) men who were manual workers or who belonged to a group of 'unclassifiable & others' (25-35%). It was of considerable size also for middle-aged lower nonmanuals (both sexes), male entrepreneurs, female manual workers and 'unclassifiable & others'. Among men, the total contribution of alcohol (30-79 years) was estimated at 16% for manual workers, 10% for lower nonmanuals and 7% for entrepreneurs; and among women, 6% (manual workers, lower nonmanuals) and 3% (entrepreneurs). CONCLUSION: Although deaths related to alcohol were probably underreported (e.g. accidents), alcohol clearly contributes to socioeconomic mortality differentials in Sweden. The size of this contribution depends strongly on age (peak among the middle-aged) and gender (greatest among men).  相似文献   

17.
Infant mortality data for England and Wales, cross-classified by mother's age, parity and social class have been published on two occasions, the first giving the relevant data for 1949/50, the second for 1975, some 25 years later. Published analyses of these separate data sets have been based on graphical and tabular analysis. This paper develops the methodology from an earlier paper by Murrells et al. to the analysis of the neonatal data.  相似文献   

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ObjectivesTo explore the associations of (1) the frailty phenotype or frailty index transition with cause-specific mortality, and (2) different combinations of transition in frailty phenotype and frailty index with all-cause mortality.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting and ParticipantsData from 3529 respondents aged >50 years who completed the 1999 and 2003 surveys of the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging were analyzed.MethodsCox regression and subdistribution hazard models were constructed to investigate frailty phenotype or frailty index transitions (by categories of frailty phenotype, absolute and percentage changes in frailty index, and combined categories of the 2 measurements) and subsequent 4-year all-cause and cause-specific mortality, respectively.ResultsAmong the frailty phenotype transition groups, the improved frailty group had overall mortality risk comparable to that of the maintained robustness/prefrailty group [hazard ratio (HR): 0.9; 95% CI: 0.7–1.2] and lower risk of mortality due to organ failure (HR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2–0.8; P = .015), whereas the worsened frailty group had the highest risk of all-cause mortality and death from infection, malignancy, cardiometabolic/cerebrovascular diseases, and other causes (HR: 1.8–3.7; all P < .03). The rapidly increased frailty index group had significantly higher all-cause and every cause-specific mortality than the decreased frailty index group (HR: 1.8–7.7; all P < .05). When frailty phenotype and frailty index transition groups were combined, participants with worsened frailty/rapidly increased frailty index had increased risk under the same frailty index/frailty phenotype transition condition, particularly for large changes in each factor (HR: 1.5–2.2; P < .01 for worsened frailty; 1.7–4.5, P < .03 for rapidly increased frailty index).Conclusions and ImplicationsWe found that considering both frailty phenotype and frailty index provided best mortality prediction. These associations were independent of baseline frailty status and comorbidities. Nevertheless, even capturing transitions in frailty phenotype or frailty index only can provide good mortality prediction, which supported adopting these approaches in different clinical settings.  相似文献   

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A comparison of standardized and proportional mortality ratios   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Proportional mortality analyses are traditionally considered to be unreliable because they lack information on persons at risk. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) are often used in preference to proportional mortality ratios ( PMRs ) even when the denominator or numerator of rates is known to be biased. Examination of data from 30 randomly selected occupational units described by the U.K. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys ( OPCS ) revealed, however, that age-standardized cause-specific SMRs and PMRs have an almost constant relationship: the ratio of the cause-specific PMR closely approximating the all-cause SMR of the group under consideration. Hence, a PMR above 100 almost always indicates that the corresponding cause-specific SMR is greater than the all-cause SMR (and vice versa). Furthermore, approximately 70 per cent of conditions with significantly high PMRs above 200 have corresponding SMRs which are also significantly high. When cautiously interpreted, the PRM may, therefore, be a useful indicator of an increased frequency of disease in a particular occupational or other group.  相似文献   

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