National cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2012

Background

Population-based cancer registration data in 2012 from all available cancer registries were collected by the National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR). NCCR estimated the numbers of new cancer cases and cancer deaths in China with compiled cancer incidence and mortality rates.

Methods

In 2015, there were 261 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and deaths occurred in 2012. All the data were checked and evaluated based on the NCCR criteria of data quality. Qualified data from 193 registries were used for cancer statistics analysis as national estimation. The pooled data were stratified by area (urban/rural), gender, age group [0, 1–4, 5–9, 10–14, …, 85+] and cancer type. New cancer cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rates and corresponding national population in 2012. The Chinese census data in 2000 and Segi’s population were applied for age-standardized rates. All the rates were expressed per 100,000 person-year.

Results

Qualified 193 cancer registries (74 urban and 119 rural registries) covered 198,060,406 populations (100,450,109 in urban and 97,610,297 in rural areas). The percentage of cases morphologically verified (MV%) and death certificate-only cases (DCO%) were 69.13% and 2.38%, respectively, and the mortality to incidence rate ratio (M/I) was 0.62. A total of 3,586,200 new cancer cases and 2,186,600 cancer deaths were estimated in China in 2012. The incidence rate was 264.85/100,000 (289.30/100,000 in males, 239.15/100,000 in females), the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and by world standard population (ASIRW) were 191.89/100,000 and 187.83/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate (0–74 age years old) of 21.82%. The cancer incidence, ASIRC and ASIRW in urban areas were 277.17/100,000, 195.56/100,000 and 190.88/100,000 compared to 251.20/100,000, 187.10/100,000 and 183.91/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. The cancer mortality was 161.49/100,000 (198.99/100,000 in males, 122.06/100,000 in females), the age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and by world standard population (ASMRW) were 112.34/100,000 and 111.25/100,000, and the cumulative mortality rate (0–74 years old) was 12.61%. The cancer mortality, ASMRC and ASMRW were 159.00/100,000, 107.231/100,000 and 106.13/100,000 in urban areas, 164.24/100,000, 118.22/100,000 and 117.06/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. Cancers of lung, stomach, liver, colorectum, esophagus, female breast, thyroid cervix, brain tumor and pancreas were the most common cancers, accounting for about 77.4% of all cancer new cases. Lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, female breast cancer, brain tumor, leukemia and lymphoma were the leading causes of cancer death, accounting for about 84.5% of all cancer deaths. The cancer spectrum showed difference between urban and rural, males and females both in incidence and mortality rates.

Conclusions

Cancer surveillance information in China is making great progress with the increasing number of cancer registries, population coverage and the improving data quality. Cancer registration plays a fundamental role in cancer control by providing basic information on population-based cancer incidence, mortality, survival and time trend. The disease burden of cancer is serious in China, so that, cancer prevention and control, including health education, health promotion, cancer screening and cancer care services in China, should be enhanced.     

Pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality patterns in China, 2011

Objective

The National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR) collected population-based cancer registration data in 2011 from all cancer registries in China. The incidence and mortality rates for pancreatic cancer were compiled and pancreatic cancer incident new cases and deaths were estimated.

Methods

A total of 234 cancer registries submitted cancer data to NCCR. Data from 177 cancer registries were qualified and compiled for cancer statistics in 2011. Pancreatic cancer cases were extracted and analyzed from the national database. The pooled data were stratified by area (urban/rural), gender and age group (0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14…85+). Pancreatic cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rates and national population in 2010. The national census in 2000 and Segi’s population were used for age-standardized rates.

Results

All 177 cancer registries (77 in urban and 100 in rural areas) covered 175,310,169 populations (98,341,507 in urban and 76,968,662 in rural areas). The morphology verified pancreatic cancer cases (MV%) accounting for 40.52% and 4.33% of pancreatic cancer incident cases were identified through death certifications only (DCO%) with mortality to incidence ratio (M/I) of 0.91. The estimated number of newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer cases and deaths were 80,344 and 72,723 in 2011, respectively. The crude incidence rate was 5.96/100,000 (males 6.57/100,000, females 5.32/100,000). The age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and by world standard population (ASIRW) were 4.27/100,000 and 4.23/100,000 respectively, ranking 10^th among all cancers. Pancreatic cancer incidence rate and ASIRC were 7.03/100,000 and 4.94/100,000 in urban areas whereas they were 4.84/100,000 and 3.56/100,000 in rural areas. The incidence rate of pancreatic cancer of 33 cancer registries increased from 3.24/100,000 in 2003 to 3.59/100,000 in 2011 with an annual percentage change (APC) of 1.44. The pancreatic cancer mortality rate was 5.40/100,000 (males 5.88/100,000, females 4.89/100,000), ranking 6^th among all cancers. The age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and by world standard population (ASMRW) were 3.81/100 000 and 3.79/100 000. The pancreatic cancer mortality and ASMRC were 6.47/100,000 and 4.48/100,000 in urban areas, and 4.27/100,000 and 3.08/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. The mortality rates of pancreatic cancer showed an approximately 1.14-fold increase, from 2.85/100,000 in 2003 to 3.26/100,000 in 2011, with an APC of 1.68.

Conclusions

The burden of pancreatic cancer is increasing in China. Identification of high-risk population and adequate treatment and prevention are important.     

Annual report on status of cancer in China,2010简

Objective：Population-based cancer registration data in 2010 were collected,evaluated and analyzed by the National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR） of China.Cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths were estimated.Methods：There wvere 219 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and death data in 2010.All data were checked and evaluated on basis of the criteria of data quality from NCCR.Total 145 registries＇ data were qualified and accepted for cancer statistics in 2010.Pooled data were stratified by urban/rural,area,sex,age group and cancer site.Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rates and national population.The top ten common cancers in different groups,proportion and cumulative rate were also calculated.Chinese census in 2000 and Segi＇s population were used for age-standardized incidence/ mortality rates.Results：All 145 cancer registries （63 in urban and 82 in rural） covered a total of 158,403,248 population （92,433,739 in urban and 65,969,509 in rural areas）.The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,093,039 and 1,956,622 in 2010,respectively.The morphology verified cases （MV％） accounted for 67.11％ and 2.99％ of incident cases were identified through death certifications only （DCO％） with mortality to incidence ratio （M/I） of 0.61.The crude incidence rate was 235.23/100,000 （268.65/100,000 in males,200.21/100,000 in females）,age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASIRC,2000） and by world standard population （ASIRW） were 184.58/100,000 and 181.49/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate （0-74 years old） of 21.l 1％.The cancer incidence and ASIRC were 256.41/100,000 and 187.53/100,000 in urban areas whereas in rural areas,they were 213.71/100,000 and 181.10/100,000,respectively.The crude cancer mortality in China was 148.81/100,000 （186.37/100,000 in males and 109.42/100,000 in females）,age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASMRC,2000） and by world standard population （ASMRW） were 113.92/100,000 and 112.86/100,000,and the cumulative incidence rate （0-74 years old） was 12.78％.The cancer mortality and ASMRC were 156.14/100,000 and 109.21/100,000 in urban areas,whereas in rural areas,they were 141.35/100,000 and 119.00/100,000 respectively.Lung cancer,gastric cancer,colorectal cancer,liver cancer,esophageal cancer,pancreas cancer,encephaloma,lymphoma,female breast cancer and cervical cancer,were the most common cancers,accounting for 75％ of all cancer cases in urban and rural areas.Lung cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,esophageal cancer,colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer,breast cancer,encephaloma,leukemia and lymphoma accounted for 80％ of all cancer deaths.Conclusions：The coverage of cancer registration population had a rapid increase and could reflect cancer burden in each area and population.As the basis of cancer control program,cancer registry plays an irreplaceable role in cancer epidemic surveillance,evaluation of cancer control programs and making anticancer strategy.China is facing serious cancer burden and prevention and control should be enhanced.     

The incidences and mortalities of major cancers in China, 2009

In 2012, the National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR) of China collected cancer registration information for the year 2009 from local cancer registries and analyzed it to describe the incidences and mortalities of cancers in China. Based on the data quality criteria from NCCR, data from 104 registries covering 85,470,522 people (57,489,009 in urban areas and 27,981,513 in rural areas) were checked and evaluated. The data from 72 registries were qualified and accepted for the cancer registry annual report in 2012. The total cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 244,366 and 154,310, respectively. The morphologically verified cases accounted for 67.23%, and 3.14% of the incident cases only had information from death certifications. The crude incidence in the Chinese cancer registration areas was 285.91/ 100,000 (317.97/100,000 in males and 253.09/100,000 in females). The age-standardized rates for incidences based on the Chinese standard population (ASRIC) and the world standard population (ASRIW) were 146.87/100,000 and 191.72/100,000, respectively, with a cumulative incidence of 22.08%. The cancer mortality in the Chinese cancer registration areas was 180.54/100,000 (224.20/100,000 in males and 135.85/100,000 in females). The age-standardized rates for mortalities based on the Chinese standard population (ASRMC) and the world standard population (ASRMW) were 85.06/100,000 and 115.65/100,000, respectively, and the cumulative mortality was 12.94% . Lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, encephaloma, lymphoma, female breast cancer, and cervical cancer were the most common cancers, accounting for 75% of all cancer cases. Lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, encephaloma, leukemia, and lymphoma accounted for 80% of all cancer deaths. The cancer registration's population coverage has been increasing, and its data quality is improving. As the basis of the cancer control program, the cancer registry plays an important role in directing anticancer strategies in the medium and long term. Because cancer burdens are different in urban and rural areas in China, prevention and control efforts should be based on practical situations.     

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence and mortality in China in 2010

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） is common in South China. Although regional epidemiological data on NPC in China is available, national epidemiological data have been unavailable up to now. The goal of this study was to analyze the NPC incidence and mortality data in some domestic cancer registries, estimate these rates in China in 2010, and provide scientific information that can be harnessed for NPC control and prevention. To accomplish this goal, NPC incidence and mortality data for 2010 were collected from 145 Chinese cancer registries from which data were included in the 2013 National Cancer Registry Annual Report. Such indices as its incident and death numbers, crude rates, age-standardized rates and truncated rates were calculated and analyzed. The incidence and mortality in China and constituent areas were estimated according to the national population in 2010. An estimated 41,503 new cases and 20,058 deaths were attributed to NPC in China in 2010, accounting for 1.34% of all new cancer cases and 1.03% of all cancer-related deaths that year in China. Crude incidence and mortality were 3.16/100,000 and 1.53/100,000, respectively. World age-standardized incidence and mortality were 2.44/100,000 and 1.18/100,000, respectively. Incidence and mortality were higher among males than among females and slightly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Among seven Chinese administrative regions, NPC incidence and mortality were obviously higher in South China than in other regions and lowest in North China. The male and female age-specific incidence and mortality both rose quickly from age 25-29 years, but peaked at different ages and varied by location. These results demonstrated that NPC incidence and mortality in China especially in South China were at high levels in the world, and suggested that control and prevention efforts should be enhanced.     

Incidence and mortality of liver cancer in China, 2010

Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor in China and a major health concern. We aimed to estimate the liver cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2010 using liver cancer data from some Chinese cancer registries and provide reference for liver cancer prevention and treatment. We collected and evaluated the incidence and mortality data of liver cancer in 2010 from 145 cancer registries, which were included in the 2013 Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report, calculated crude, standardized, and truncated incidences and mortalities, and estimated new liver cancer cases and deaths from liver cancer throughout China and in different regions in 2010 from Chinese practical population. The estimates of new liver cancer cases and deaths were 358,840 and 312,432, respectively, in China in 2010. The crude incidence, age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population （ASR China）, and age-standardized rate by world standard population （ASR world） were 27.29/100,000, 21.35/100,000, and 20.87/100,000, respectively; the crude, ASR China, and ASR world mortalities were 23.76/100,000, 18.43/100,000, and 18.04/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality were the highest in western regions, higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and higher in males than in females. The age-specific incidence and mortality of liver cancer showed a rapid increase from age 30 and peaked at age 80-84 or 85＋. Our results indicated that the 2010 incidence and mortality of liver cancer in China, especially in undeveloped rural areas and western regions, were among high levels worldwide. The strategy for liver cancer prevention and treatment should be strengthened.     

Ovary cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2011

Objective

To evaluate and analyze ovary cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2011 using ovary cancer data from population-based cancer registration in China, and to provide scientific information for its control and prevention.

Methods

Invasive cases of ovary cancer were extracted and analyzed from the overall Chinese cancer database in 2011, which were based on data from 177 population-based cancer registries distributing in 28 provinces. The crude, standardized, and truncated incidences and mortalities et al. were calculated and new and deaths cases from ovary cancer throughout China and in different regions in 2011 were estimated using Chinese practical population.

Results

The estimates of new ovary cancer cases and deaths were 45,223 and 18,430, respectively, in China in 2011. The crude incidence rate, age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population (ASR-C) and age-standardized rate by world standard population (ASR-W) incidence were 6.89/100,000, 5.35/100,000 and 5.08/100,000, respectively; the crude, ASR-C and ASR-W mortalities were 2.81/100,000, 2.01/100,000 and 1.99/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas. The age-specific incidence and mortality increased rapidly from age 35-39 and peaked at age 60-64 or 75-79 years. After age 45 or 55, the age-specific incidence and death rates in urban were much higher than those in rural areas.

Conclusions

Compared with GLOBOCAN 2012 data, the ovary cancer incidence in China in 2011 was at middle level, but its mortality was at low level worldwide.     

Incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in China, 2011

Objective: Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. This article provides the most up-to-date overview of colorectal cancer burden in China.Methods: Totally 234 cancer registries submitted data of 2011 to the National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR). Qualified data from 177 registries was pooled and analyzed. The crude incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer were calculated by age, gender and geographic area. The numbers of new cases and deaths were estimated using the 5-year age-specific cancer incidence/mortality rates and the corresponding populations. China census in 2000 and Segi’s world population were applied for age standardized rates.Results: The estimate of new cases diagnosed with colorectal cancer of China in 2011 was 310,244(178,404 for males and 131,840 for females, 195,117 in urban areas and 115,128 in rural areas), accounting for 9.20% of overall new cancer cases. The crude incidence of colorectal cancer ranked fourth in all cancer sites with rate of 23.03/100,000(25.83/100,000 for males and 20.08/100,000 for female, 28.25/100,000 in urban areas and 17.54/100,000 in rural areas). The age-standardized rates by China population and by World population were 16.79/100,000 and 16.52/100,000, respectively. The estimated number of colorectal cancer deaths of China in 2011 was 149,722(86,427 for males and 63,295 for females, 91,682 in urban areas and 58,040 in rural areas), accounting for 7.09% of overall cancer deaths. The crude mortality rate for colorectal cancer ranked fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in all cancer sites with rate of 11.11/100,000(12.51/100,000 for males and 9.64/100,000 for female, 13.27/100,000 in urban areas and 8.84/100,000 in rural areas). The age-standardized rates by China population and by World population for mortality were 7.77/100,000 and 7.66/100,000, respectively. For both of incidence and mortality, the rates of colorectal cancer were much higher in males than in females, and in rural areas than in urban areas. The rate of colorectal cancer increased greatly with age, especially after 40 or 45 years old.Conclusions: Colorectal cancer is a relative common cancer in China, especially for males in urban areas. Targeted prevention and early detection programs should be carried out.     

Annual report on status of cancer in China, 2011

Objective: The National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) collected population-based cancer registration data in 2011 from all cancer registries. National cancer incidence and mortality were compiled and cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths were estimated.Methods: In 2014, there were 234 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and deaths occurred in 2011. All datasets were checked and evaluated based on the criteria of data quality from NCCR. Total 177 registries’ data were qualified and compiled for cancer statistics in 2011. The pooled data were stratified by area(urban/rural), gender, age group(0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14…85+) and cancer type. Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rates and national population in 2011. All incidence and death rates are age-standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi’s population expressed per 100,000 persons.Results: All 177 cancer registries(77 in urban and 100 in rural areas) covered 175,310,169 populations(98,341,507 in urban and 76,968,662 in rural areas). The morphology verified cases(MV%) accounting for 70.14% and 2.44% of incident cases were identified through death certifications only(DCO%) with mortality to incidence ratio of 0.63. The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,372,175 and 2,113,048 in 2011, respectively. The incidence rate was 250.28/100,000(males 277.77/100,000, females 221.37/100,000), and the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC) and by world standard population(ASIRW) were 186.34/100,000 and 182.76/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate(0-74 years old) of 21.20%. The cancer incidence and ASIRC in urban areas were 261.38/100,000 and 189.89/100,000 compared to 238.60/100,000 and 182.10/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. The cancer mortality was 156.83/100,000(194.88/100,000 in males and 116.81/100,000 in females), the age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population(ASMRC) and by world standard population(ASMRW) were 112.88/100,000 and 111.82/100,000, and the cumulative mortality rate(0-74 years old) was 12.69%. The cancer mortality and ASMRC were 154.37/100,000 and 108.20/100,000 in urban areas, and 159.42/100,000 and 117.97/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. Cancers of lung, female breast, stomach, liver, colon and rectum, esophageal, cervix, uterus, prostate and ovary were the most common cancers, accounting for about 75% of all cancer new cases. Lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, female breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, brain tumor, cervical cancer and leukemia were the leading causes of cancer death, accounting for about 80% of all cancer deaths. The cancer incidence, mortality and spectrum showed difference between urban and rural areas, males and females.Conclusions: The coverage of cancer registration population had a greater increase than that in the last year. The data quality and representativeness are gradually improved. As the basic work of cancer prevention and control, cancer registry is playing an irreplaceable role. The disease burden of cancer is increasing, and the health department has to take effective measures to contain the increased cancer burden in China.     

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence and mortality in China,2013

Background: We estimated the incidence and mortality of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in China in 2010 according to the data of 145 domestic population-based cancer registries in 2014, and no such reports since then. Hence, to further and better understand its epidemiology in China and to provide more precise scientific information for its control and prevention in China, we analyzed the NPC incidence and mortality of 255 domestic population-based cancer registries, and estimated the national rates in 2013 again. Methods: NPC incidence and mortality data of 255 domestic cancer registries in 2013, accepted by the 2016 National Cancer Registry Annual Report, were collected and collated, and the indices of NPC such as the numbers of new cases and deaths, crude rates, age-standardized rates, and truncated rates of incidence and mortality were calculated and analyzed. The incidence and mortality in China and its constituent areas were estimated according to the national population in 2013. Results: An estimated 42,100 new cases and 21,320 deaths were attributed to NPC in China in 2013, accounting for 1.14% of all new cancer cases and 0.96% of all cancer-related deaths that year in China. Crude incidence and mortal-ity of NPC were 3.09/100,000 and 1.57/100,000, respectively. World age-standardized incidence and mortality were 2.17/100,000 and 1.08/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality of males were obviously higher than those of females and slightly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Among seven Chinese administrative regions, NPC incidence and mortality were obviously higher in South China than in other regions and lowest in North China. Top 3 incidence and mortality provinces and registering areas all located in South China. The age-specific incidence and mortality rose quickly from age 25–29 and 35 to 39 years, respectively, peaked at different ages and varied by location. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that NPC incidence and mortality in China in 2013 were also at high levels worldwide, which suggested that its control and prevention should be enhanced.     

2009～2012年湖南省肿瘤登记地区口腔癌

[目的]分析2009～2012年湖南省肿瘤登记地区居民口腔癌的发病、死亡情况,为该地区口腔癌防治提供基础信息.[方法]收集湖南省肿瘤登记地区2009～2012年口腔癌发病、死亡数据,计算口腔癌的发病率、死亡率、顺位、0～74岁累积率等指标,中标率的标准人口采用2000年全国人口普查的人口构成,世标率的标准人口使用的是Segi's世界人口构成.[结果] 2009～2012年湖南省6个肿瘤登记点共收集口腔癌新发病例297例(其中男性226例,女性71例),死亡病例108例(其中男性90例,女性18例).病理诊断率89.90％,只有死亡医学证明书比例0.67％,死亡,发病比为0.36.全省口腔癌发病率2.94/10万,中标率为2.36/10万,世标率2.27/10万,0～74岁累积率为0.25％.男性口腔癌发病率是4.33/10万,女性为1.45/10万,粗发病率和标化率男性均高于女性.城市地区口腔癌发病率是3.85/10万,而农村为2.58/10万,粗发病率和标化率城区均高于农村.2009～2012年湖南省肿瘤登记地区居民口腔癌死亡率为1.07/10万,死亡中标率为0.81/10万,死亡世标率0.79/10万,0～74岁累积率为0.09％.城市地区口腔癌死亡率是1.12/10万,农村为1.05/10万,死亡粗率和标化率城区均高于农村.男性口腔癌死亡率是1.72/10万,女性为0.37/10万,死亡粗率和标化率男性高于女性.[结论]口腔癌是威胁湖南省40岁以上男性居民身体健康的恶性肿瘤之一,这部分人群应注意采取口腔癌的预防措施.     

2016年江苏省恶性肿瘤流行情况分析

目的 估算江苏省2016年恶性肿瘤发病和死亡情况,分析其流行特征。方法 利用2019年江苏省疾病预防控制中心收集并审核通过的41个肿瘤登记处的2016年资料,分别计算各癌种分城乡、性别和年龄组的发病率和死亡率;结合2016年全省相应分组的户籍人口数据,推算全省恶性肿瘤的发病数和死亡数,并计算对应的发病(死亡)率、中国人口标化率(中标率)、世界人口标化率(世标率)、0~74岁累积发病(死亡)率和前10位恶性肿瘤发病(死亡)顺位等指标。标准人口采用2000年中国普查标准人口构成和Segi's世界标准人口。结果 估计2016年全省新发恶性肿瘤病例25.41万例,发病率为327.48/10万,中标率为182.61/10万,世标率为178.85/10万,0~74岁累积发病率为20.98%。肺癌、胃癌、食管癌、结直肠癌、肝癌和女性乳腺癌是江苏省常见恶性肿瘤。全省估计因恶性肿瘤死亡病例16.87万例,死亡率为217.44/10万,中标率为109.30/10万,世标率为107.94/10万,0~74岁累积死亡率为12.15%。肺癌、胃癌、食管癌、肝癌和结直肠癌是江苏省主要的恶性肿瘤死因。江苏省超过81%的恶性肿瘤发病和91%以上的恶性肿瘤死亡均发生在50岁及以上人群,特别是60岁及以上老年人。结论 江苏省恶性肿瘤疾病负担不断升高,呈现发展中国家癌谱和发达国家癌谱共存的复杂局面。应针对不同地区和不同癌种,在高危人群采取综合防控措施,降低恶性肿瘤死亡率。     

2015年中国子宫体癌发病与死亡分析

目的根据中国各省市登记处上报的2015年肿瘤登记数据,估算2015年中国子宫体癌发病与死亡情况。方法收集整理中国501个登记处上报的2015年肿瘤登记数据,对数据进行质量审核和评估,将符合标准的368个登记处数据纳入分析,按地区(城市、农村、东部、中部和西部)和年龄等因素分层,计算子宫体癌的发病率和死亡率,结合2015年全国人口数据估算全国子宫体癌发病和死亡数据。标化率分别采用2000年全国普查人口和Segi′s世界标准人口计算。结果2015年纳入分析的368个登记处覆盖309553499人口,占全国2015年年末人口的22.52%。估计全国子宫体癌新发病例数约6.89万,发病率为10.28/10万,中标率为6.86/10万,世标率为6.66/10万。城市地区发病率(11.35/10万)高于农村地区(8.90/10万),东部地区发病率(12.12/10万)高于中部地区(9.94/10万)和西部地区(8.25/10万)。估计2015年全国因子宫体癌死亡病例数约1.60万,死亡率为2.39/10万,中标率为1.49/10万,世标率为1.47/10万。城市地区死亡率(2.40/10万)与农村地区(2.39/10万)相似;中部地区死亡率(2.55/10万)高于东部地区(2.32/10万)和西部地区(2.31/10万)。结论中国子宫体癌发病不断上升且有年轻化趋势,威胁女性健康,疾病负担逐渐加重。中国子宫体癌发病存在城乡和区域差异,应有针对性地开展防控工作。     

Estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2013

Introduction:Population-based cancer registration data are collected by the National Central Cancer Registry in China every year.Cancer incident cases and cancer deaths in 2013 were analyzed.Methods:Through the procedure of quality control,reported data from 255 registries were accepted to establish the national database for cancer estimates.Incidences and mortalities were calculated with stratification by area (urban/ rural),sex (male/female),age group (0,1-4,5-9,10-14...80-84,and 85-year-old and above),and cancer site.The structure of Segi's population was used for the calculation of age-standardized rates (ASR).Top 10 most common cancers and leading causes of cancer deaths were listed.Results:In 2013,3,682,200 new cancer cases and 2,229,300 cancer deaths were estimated in China based on the pooled data from 255 cancer registries,covering 16.6S％ of the national population.The incidence was 270.59/100,000,with an ASR of 186.15/100,000;the mortality was 166.83/100,000,with an ASR of 108.94/100,000.The top 10 most common cancer sites were the lung,stomach,liver,colorectum,female breast,esophagus,thyroid,cervix,brain,and pancreas.The ten leading causes of cancer deaths were lung cancer,liver cancer,gastric cancer,esophageal cancer,colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer,female breast cancer,brain tumor,leukemia,and lymphoma.Conclusions:Cancer leaves serious disease burden in China with high incidence and mortality.Lung cancer was the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in China.Efficient control strategy is needed,especially for major cancers.     

The incidences and mortalities of major cancers in China, 2010

To estimate the cancer incidences and mortalities in China in 2010, the National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR） of China evaluated data for the year of 2010 from 145 qualified cancer registries covering 158,403,248 people （92,433,739 in urban areas and 65,969,509 in rural areas）. The estimates of new cancer cases and cancer deaths were 3,093,039 and 1,956,622 in 2010, respectively. The percentage of morphologically verified cases were 67.11%; 2.99% of incident cases were identified through death certification only, with the mortality to incidence ratio of 0.61. The crude incidence was 235.23/100,000 （268.65/100,000 in males and 200.21/100,000 in females）. The age-standardized rates by Chinese standard population （ASR China） and by world standard population （ASR world） were 184.58/100,000 and 181.49/100,000, respectively, with a cumulative incidence （0-74 years old） of 21.11%. The crude cancer mortality was 148.81/100,000 （186.37/100,000 in males and 109.42/100,000 in females）. The ASR China and ASR world were 113.92/100,000 and 112.86/100,000, respectively, with a cumulative mortality of 12.78%. Lung, breast, gastric, liver, esophageal, colorectal, and cervical cancers were the most common cancers. Lung, liver, gastric, esophageal, colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancers were the leading causes of cancer deaths. The coverage of cancer registration has rapidly increased in China in recent years and may reflect more accurate cancer burdens among populations living in different areas. Given the increasing cancer burden in the past decades, China should strengthen its cancer prevention and control.     

2012年内蒙古肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病与死亡分析

[目的]评估内蒙古肿瘤登记地区2012年恶性肿瘤的发病与死亡情况.[方法]按照国家癌症中心制定的审核方法和评价标准对2012年5个登记处提交的数据进行整理,通过审核和评估,全部符合入选标准.按照地区(城乡)、性别以及年龄别、肿瘤别发病率和死亡率分层,估计恶性肿瘤合计和主要肿瘤的发病、死亡情况.将2000年全国普查人口和Segi's标准人口结构作为标准计算标化率.[结果] 2012年内蒙古5个肿瘤登记地区覆盖人口3 041 227人(其中城市地区为1 750 312人,农村地区为1 290 915人).报告新发恶性肿瘤病例6683例,恶性肿瘤死亡病例4259例.病理学诊断比例为67.79％,只有死亡证明书比例为8.43％,死亡发病比为0.64.恶性肿瘤发病率219.75/10万(男性252.08/10万,女性186.04/10万),中标率173.69/10万,世标率170.84/10万,累积率(0～74岁)20.34％.城市地区发病率209.28/10万,中标率174.76/10万.农村地区发病率233.94/10万,中标率173.02/10万.恶性肿瘤死亡率140.04/10万(男性176.64/10万,女性101.89/10万),中标率111.73/10万,世标率110.56/10万,累积率(0～74岁)13.04％.城市地区恶性肿瘤死亡率131.06/10万,中标率111.02/10万.农村地区恶性肿瘤死亡率152.22/10万,中标率112.97/10万.2012年内蒙古自治区肿瘤登记地区前5位恶性肿瘤发病为肺癌、肝癌、女性乳腺癌、胃癌和结直肠癌.前10位恶性肿瘤占全部恶性肿瘤的80.13％.肺癌位列该地区恶性肿瘤死亡第1位,其次为肝癌、胃癌、食管癌、结直肠癌,前10位恶性肿瘤死亡占全部恶性肿瘤死亡病例的87.05％.[结论]肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、女性乳腺癌应作为内蒙古肿瘤登记地区癌症防治工作的重点.     

Incidence and mortality of laryngeal cancer in China, 2011

Objective

Laryngeal cancer is the common cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract. We aimed to use the national cancer registration data in 2011 to estimate the incidence and mortality of laryngeal cancer within China.

Methods

Comparable, high-quality data from 177 population-based cancer registries were qualified for analysis. The pooled data were stratified by area, sex and age group. National new cases and deaths of laryngeal cancer were estimated using age-specific rates and national population in 2010. All incidence and death rates were age-standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi’s population, which were expressed per 100,000 populations.

Results

All 177 cancer registries covered a total of 175,310,169 population (98,341,507 in urban and 76,968,662 in rural areas), accounting for 13.01% of the national population. The data quality indicators of proportion of morphological verification (MV%), percentage of cancer cases identified with death certification only (DCO%) and mortality to incidence ratio (M/I) were 77.98%, 2.62% and 0.55, respectively. Estimated 20,875 new cases of laryngeal cancer were diagnosed and 11,488 deaths from laryngeal cancer occurred in China in 2011. The crude incidence rate of laryngeal cancer was 1.55/100,000 (2.69/100,000 in males and 0.35/100,000 in females). Age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and by world standard population (ASIRW) were 1.13/100,000 and 1.14/100,000, respectively. Laryngeal cancer is much rarer in females than in males. The incidence rate was higher in urban areas than that in rural areas. The crude mortality rate of laryngeal cancer was 0.85/100,000 (1.42/100,000 in males and 0.25/100,000 in females). Age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and by world standard population (ASMRW) were both 0.61/100,000. The mortality rate in males was much higher than that in females. There was no definite difference in mortality rates of laryngeal cancer between urban and rural areas.

Conclusions

Larynx is a specialized area and cancer of larynx significantly affects the quality of life for the patients. Comprehensive measures should be carried out to prevent the ascent of laryngeal cancer.     

中国2010年胃癌发病与死亡分析

[目的]分析2010年全国肿瘤登记地区胃癌的发病与死亡情况。[方法]对全国219个肿瘤登记处上报的2010年肿瘤登记数据进行评估,共145个登记处的数据入选,计算胃癌的发病率、死亡率、构成、累积率等。人口标准化率以全国2000年人口普查的人口结构和Segi’s世界人口结构为标准。[结果]2010年145个登记处覆盖人口158 403 248人（其中城市人口92 433 739人,农村人口65 969 509人）,胃癌新发病例51 897例,死亡病例37 514例。全国胃癌发病率为30.77/10万（男性42.77/10万,女性18.18/10万）,中标率为23.71/10万,世标率为23.68/10万,累积率（0~74岁）为2.95%。城市地区发病率为29.24/10万,中标率为20.72/10万;农村地区发病率为32.32/10万,中标率为27.37/10万。全国胃癌死亡率为21.89/10万（男性29.72/10万,女性13.68/10万）,中标率为16.64/10万,世标率为16.53/10万,累积死亡率（0~74岁）为1.96%。城市地区死亡率为20.36/10万,中标率为14.09/10万;农村地区死亡率为23.45/10万,中标率为19.82/10万。[结论]胃癌是威胁我国居民健康的主要癌症之一,其在男女性和城乡之间存在明显差异,应根据实际情况有重点地开展防治工作。     

2013年广西肿瘤登记地区鼻咽癌发病和死亡分析

目的 根据2016年广西肿瘤登记地区上报的鼻咽癌登记资料,评估2013年广西鼻咽癌的发病和死亡情况。方法 根据全国肿瘤登记中心制定的审核方法和评价标准,对全区8个肿瘤登记地区上报的2013年肿瘤登记数据进行评价,其中6个登记地区的数据符合入选标准。将入选的6个登记地区的发病、死亡和人口数据进行汇总,按地区（城乡）、性别、年龄别和地域分层,评估广西鼻咽癌发病、死亡情况。人口标准化率计算根据全国2000年人口普查的人口结构和Segi's世界人口结构。结果 入选的6个肿瘤登记地区（其中地级以上城市2个,县及县级市4个）覆盖人口5 196 871人,其中城市1 933 143人,农村3 263 728人;鼻咽癌病理学诊断比例（MV%）为66.72%,只有死亡医学证明书比例（DCO%）为1.40%,死亡/发病比（M/I）为0.47。共报告新发鼻咽癌病例643例,死亡病例303例;粗发病率为12.37 /10 万（男性16.96/10万,女性7.41/10 万）,中标发病率为11.16/10 万,世标发病率为10.49/10 万,累积发病率（0~74 岁）为1.13%。城市地区粗发病率为9.10/10 万,中标发病率为7.52/10 万;农村地区粗发病率为14.31/10 万,中标发病率为13.67/10 万。鼻咽癌粗死亡率为5.83 /10 万（男性8.37/10万,女性3.08/10 万）,中标死亡率为5.16/10 万,世标死亡率为5.01/10 万,累积死亡率（0~74 岁）为0.56%;城市地区粗死亡率为4.09/10 万,中标死亡率为3.35/10 万;农村地区粗死亡率为6.86/10 万,中标死亡率为6.39/10 万。结论 2013年广西肿瘤登记地区鼻咽癌发病和死亡均高于全国平均水平,无论是发病或死亡均存在明显的年龄、性别、城乡和地域差异,30岁以后各年龄组是高发阶段,男性高于女性,农村高于城市,东部地区高于中南部和中北部地区,30岁以上男性是重点防治人群。     

中国2009年脑瘤发病与死亡分析

[目的]评估中国肿瘤登记地区2009年脑瘤的发病与死亡情况。[方法]按照全国肿瘤登记中心制定的审核方法和评价标准对全国104个肿瘤登记处上报的2009年肿瘤登记数据进行评估,共72个登记处的数据入选,计算脑瘤发病率、死亡率、累积率、截缩率、构成比;人口标准化率根据全国1982年人口普查的人口结构和Segi’s世界人口结构为标准。[结果]2009年72个登记地区共覆盖登记人口85470522人（其中城市57489009人,农村27981513人）,脑瘤新发病例5509例,死亡病例3311例。病理诊断比例为51.01%,只有死亡证明书比例为3.41%,死亡发病比为0.60。全国肿瘤登记地区脑瘤发病率6.45/10万,中标率为4.11/10万,世标率为4.88/10万,累积率（0～74岁）为0.50%。全国肿瘤登记地区脑瘤死亡率为3.87/10万,中标率为2.29/10万,世标率为2.81/10万,累积率（0～74岁）为0.29%。[结论]脑瘤在我国已成为严重危害人民健康的重要肿瘤,应加强脑瘤的预防与控制工作。