头颈鳞癌基因治疗结合放射治疗的临床研究

目的评价重组人p53腺病毒注射液结合放射治疗头颈鳞癌(HNSCC)的疗效及安全性。方法基因治疗加放疗(GTRT)组36例HNSCC患者,重组人p53腺病毒注射液每周1次瘤内注射1×1012病毒颗粒,共8周,并结合放射治疗;单纯放疗(RT)组33例HNSCC患者,仅行单纯放疗。两组采用同样的常规分次放疗,每次2Gy,每周5次,使原发灶和颈部转移淋巴结均达到70Gy照射剂量。治疗第5周(40Gy)、第8周(70Gy)及疗后2个月(疗效确认)时,用CT图像评定肿瘤变化,进行疗效评价。结果野生型p53基因明显提高了HNSCC放疗的疗效,疗效确认时,GTRT组瘤灶完全缓解(CR)率为64.3%,比RT组提高了2.3倍。除一过性发热外,未发现其他剂量限制性毒性和不良反应。结论HNSCC患者瘤内注射重组人p53腺病毒是安全而有效的,有明显的放射增敏作用。     

p53和p21WAF1在鼻咽癌rAd-p53瘤内注射前后的表达及其与近期预后的关系

目的探讨重组人p53腺病毒(rAd-p53)瘤内注射前后鼻咽癌(NPC)组织中p53蛋白和p21WAF1蛋白的表达情况,及其与鼻咽癌近期疗效的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学法检测12例鼻咽慢性炎组织和63例确诊中晚期鼻咽癌组织的p53和p21WAF1蛋白表达情况。63例中晚期鼻咽癌随机分为2组:p53治疗组(32例):rAd-p53瘤内注射+同步放化疗;常规治疗组(31例):同步放化疗。分析两组治疗前及放疗至20 Gy时p53和p21WAF1蛋白表达情况及其与预后的关系。结果 NPC组织中p53和p21WAF1蛋白阳性表达率分别为49.21%和46.03%,和鼻咽黏膜慢性炎相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。NPC组织中p53和p21WAF1蛋白表达有相关性(rs=0.556,P=0.000)。放疗前及放疗至20 Gy时,鼻咽癌p53治疗组和p21WAF1蛋白阳性表达率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组p53蛋白和p21WAF1蛋白阳性表达与1年无瘤生存率有关(P<0.05)。结论 rAd-p53瘤内注射后p53和p21WAF1蛋白的阳性表达可能在抑制鼻咽癌复发或转移进程中起着重要作用,并预示较好的预后。     

重组人p53腺病毒注射液联合放疗或同步放化疗治疗宫颈癌疗效及安全性的Meta分析

目的:系统评价重组人p53腺病毒注射液（recombinant human adenovirus-p53,rAd-p53）联合放疗或同步放化疗治疗宫颈癌的疗效及安全性。方法:在中国知网、万方、中国生物医学文献数据、维普、PubMed、EMBase、The Cochrance of Library、Web of Science等数据库中检索关于rAd-p53联合放疗或同步放化疗治疗宫颈癌的随机对照实验,检索日期截至2021年02月。对纳入的文献进行数据提取与质量评价后,使用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入10篇文献,共487例患者。Meta分析结果显示:rAd-p53联合放疗或同步放化疗组的完全缓解（complete response,CR）率［OR＝2.45,95%CI（1.63,3.68）,P<0.000 1］、客观缓解率（objective response rate,ORR）［OR＝5.90,95%CI（3.47,10.02）,P<0.000 01］均高于单独放疗或同步放化疗组。在不良反应方面,rAd-p53联合放疗或同步放化疗组除发热的发生率高于单独放疗或同步放化疗组［OR＝39.78,95%CI（17.96,88.11）,P<0.000 01］外,其余不良反应发生率两组间均无统计学差异。结论:重组人p53腺病毒注射液联合放疗或同步放化疗治疗宫颈癌的疗效优于单独放疗或同步放化疗,发热均为自限性,安全性好,因此重组人p53腺病毒注射液作为宫颈癌的有效治疗手段有很大的潜力。     

放射综合保尔佳治疗鼻咽癌的临床近期疗效观察

1994年7月至1995年9月，将100例初治鼻咽癌按TNM分期和性别配对分为单纯放疗组（对照组）和放射综合保尔佳治疗组（试验组）。放疗结束时鼻咽原发灶（间接鼻咽镜）和颈淋巴结消退率，以及放疗后2个月CT评价鼻咽原发灶消退率，对照组为76．0％、44．4％、46．0％，试验组为92．0％、80．6％、68．0％；鼻咽肿物消退时的平均剂量对照组为53．2Gy，试验组为45．4Gy，差别有统计学意义。两组皮肤反应和胃肠道反应相仿，但试验组的口腔粘膜反应轻于对照组。放疗前后体重、血象、NK细胞、淋巴细胞转化率、T细胞亚群的改变情况两组相仿。提示鼻咽癌放疗过程中并用保尔佳能促进鼻咽肿瘤的消退，且不增加正常组织的急性放射反应或抑制骨髓功能。     

鼻咽癌原发灶消退率与预后的关系

目的 探讨鼻咽癌原发灶消退率与远期疗效的关系.方法 行常规放疗的无远处转移初治鼻咽癌患者90例,放疗前及放疗中(36 ～40 Gy)均有鼻咽部增强CT,利用PACS中的多边形工具勾画鼻咽原发灶,采用面积求和法分别计算出放疗前及放疗中鼻咽癌原发灶肿瘤体积,以肿瘤体积消退百分率R[(放疗前体积V0-放疗中体积V36)/放疗前体积V.×100％]代表原发灶消退率.结果 全组TG患者4年局部控制率(LCR)、无远处转移生存率(DMrS)、无瘤生存率(DFS)、总生存率(0S)分别为:90.3％、81.2％、71.5％、81.6％.按鼻咽癌原发灶消退率分3组:低度敏感组(LSG,消退率＜50％)27例,中度敏感组(MSG,消退率≥50％,＜80％)29例,高度敏感组(HSG,消退率≥80％)34例,LSG、MSG、HSG组患者4年局部控制率(LCR)、无远处转移生存率(DMFS)、无瘤生存率(DFS)、总生存率(0S)分别为:84.1％、78.6％、63.4％、82.2％,97.5％、83.3％、79.4％、86.6％和90.4％、82.2％、71.5％、77.6％,P值均＞0.05.结论 本组资料提示中等消退率鼻咽癌患者预后略好于消退快及消退缓慢者,但仍不能证明鼻咽癌原发灶消退率与远期疗效之间存在必然联系.     

甘氨双唑钠(CMNa)对中晚期鼻咽癌放射治疗的增敏作用

目的:观察甘氨双唑钠对中晚期鼻咽癌放射治疗的临床疗效和不良反应.方法:44例中晚期鼻咽癌患者随机分为两组,治疗组(放射治疗+ CMNa)22例,对照组(单纯放疗)22例,治疗组同时使用CMNa 800 mg/m2 ,每周3次,从放疗开始连续使用至放疗结束,两组放疗方法相同,均为常规放疗,原发灶和颈部淋巴结剂量7200-7400cGy/36-37f/7-8w.结果:治疗组和对照组患者治疗结束时肿瘤原发灶的完全消退率(CR率)分别为90.7%,72.7%,放疗剂量分别为5102cGy,6133cGy,χ2=2.444,P＜0.05;颈部淋巴结CR率分别为86.4%,68.2%,放疗剂量分别为4702cGy,5646cGy,χ2=1.600,P＜0.05,差异有统计学意义.结论:CMNa合并放疗治疗中晚期鼻咽癌有增敏作用,可提高肿瘤局部控制率,而不良反应无明显增加.     

同期放化疗加辅助化疗治疗鼻咽癌的临床观察

目的:探讨放化疗同期治疗及辅助化疗对Ⅲ～ⅣA期鼻咽癌的临床疗效,评价鼻咽癌放化疗同期治疗及辅助治疗的毒副反应.方法:96例Ⅲ～ⅣA期鼻咽癌患者随机分为两组.A组为治疗组48例,采用常规放疗+同期化疗及辅助化疗;B组为对照组48例,单纯放疗.两组放疗方案相同,均采用6 MV X线外照射+6～12 MeV电子线,放疗技术为双面颈联合野DT 36 Gy后,改为双面颈联合小野避开脊髓加量放疗DT 34 Gy及下颈部切线野DT 50 Gy.鼻咽原发灶及阳性淋巴结区放疗DT 70～78 Gy,2 Gy/次,下颈部及锁骨上淋巴结预防区DT 50 Gy.A组同期及辅助化疗方案为DDP 30 mg/m2,静脉滴入,d1～d3,或CBP 60 mg/m2,静脉滴入,d1～d5;5-FU 600 mg/m2,静脉滴入,d1～d5.3～4周为1个周期,放疗同期化疗2个周期,放疗后辅助化疗1、2周期.结果:A组3年无瘤生存率(DFS)为79.2%,B组为52.1%,鳘2=7.804, P＝0.005;A组3年总生存率(OS)为83.3%,B组为64.6%,鳘2=4.381, P＝0.036.结论:同期放化疗加辅助化疗能提高中晚期鼻咽癌的无瘤生存率及总生存率,毒副反应可耐受.     

中晚期鼻咽癌新辅助化疗联合放疗的临床研究

目的　观察不同新辅助化疗方案联合放疗在局部晚期鼻咽癌的疗效及毒副反应。评价含HD DDP方案的临床可行性。方法　 10 0例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者随机分为单纯放射治疗组 46例 (A组 ) ,低剂量新辅助化疗组 2 8例 (B组 ) ,含HD DDP新辅助化疗组 2 6例 (C组 )。化疗方案 :B组DDP总量 10 0～ 12 0mg/ 3～ 5天 ,5 FU 5 0 0～ 75 0mg/天 ,共 5天 ;C组DDP 10 0～ 13 0mg/天 ,第一天用 ,同时水化利尿 2天 ,5 FU剂量同B组 ,B、C组还分别加用ADM、PYM、VCR、MTX、Me CCNU其中之一 ,2 1天为一周期 ,共用 2～ 3周期 ,化疗后 10～ 14天放疗。常规放射治疗 :鼻咽原发灶DT66～80Gy/ 6.5～ 8周 ,颈部转移灶DT60～ 70Gy/ 6～ 7周 ,颈部预防量DT5 0Gy。 结果　所有病例如期完成治疗。放疗 40Gy时 ,颈部转移灶消退率综合组高于单纯放疗组 (C、B、A组分别为 73 .0 7%、64 .2 8%、5 4.3 5 % )。结束时、结束 1～ 2个月后 ,综合组尤其HD DDP组颈部转移灶完全缓解率明显高于单纯放疗组 (C、B、A组分别为 10 0 %、92 .86%、82 .61% )。鼻咽原发灶缓解率亦有提高 (C、B、A组分别为 88.46%、78.5 7%、68.5 7% )。毒性反应主要表现是综合组较单纯放疗组更高的胃肠道反应及 1～ 3级骨髓抑制和脱发 ,B、C组无明显差别 ,无一例肾功能不     

顺铂+5-氟尿嘧啶联合化放疗治疗中晚期鼻咽癌疗效观察

 目的 评价由顺铂（DDP）+5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）组成的PF方案化疗联合放疗治疗中晚期鼻咽癌的疗效和毒副反应。方法 84例Ⅲ，Ⅳ期鼻咽癌患者随机分为两组，放化疗组在放疗前、放疗开始后3周及放疗结束后均用PF方案各化疗1疗程，两组放疗方法相同，鼻咽部剂量为65～70 Gy／6.5～7周，颈淋巴结转移灶剂量为65～70 Gy／6.5～7周。结果 放化疗组及单放组治疗结束后3个月鼻咽部肿瘤完全消退率分别为92.6 %，85.7 %（P＞0.05），颈淋巴结转移灶完全消退率分别为88.1 %，64.3 %（P＜0.05）。毒性分析表明，放化疗组毒性反应较单放组高。结论 PF方案联合放疗可显著提高中晚期鼻咽癌患者的近期疗效，但加用化疗同时也增加了毒性。     

多西紫杉醇联合放疗治疗中晚期鼻咽癌临床观察

目的:观察多西紫杉醇联合放疗治疗局部中晚期鼻咽癌的近期疗效和毒副反应.方法:确诊的77例Ⅲ期及Ⅳa期初治鼻咽癌患者随机分为单纯放疗组(单放组)38例和同步放化疗组(放化组)39例,两组放射治疗剂量及方式相同,放化组同时采用国产多西紫杉醇50mg/m2静滴,每周一次,治疗结束后评价疗效.结果:放化组和单放组患者鼻咽部病灶消退率为92.3%、73.7% ,颈部转移淋巴结消退率分别为 96.6%和77.8%,差异有显著意义(P<0.05);放化组和单放组胃肠道反应的发生率分别为74.4%和39.5%,有明显统计学意义(P<0.05).骨髓抑制和皮肤、口腔黏膜急性反应发生率相近.结论:多西紫杉醇联合放疗可提高局部中晚期鼻咽癌原发灶及颈部转移淋巴结的消退率,而毒副反应无明显增加.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Salivary and serum proteomics in head and neck carcinomas: before and after surgery and radiotherapy

Several body fluids have been evaluated as new sources for cancer biomarker discovery. In this context, salivary and serum proteomics seem promising diagnostic and predictive tools for head and neck diseases. In the present study, we performed a proteomic analysis of saliva and serum from patients presenting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and compared the results before and after therapy. In saliva of cancer patients, we observed an altered protein profile, including over-expression of PLUNC and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein. Both proteins may contribute to control tumor growth and, therefore, represent targets for new analysis. We also detected serotransferrin and a modified transthyretin form with altered levels in serum from patients. Comparing preoperative and postreatment samples, the results showed that the protein profile after treatment reverted to a pattern closer to those observed for controls. These results add information on the role of secreted proteins in the cancer process and emphasize the potential of saliva and serum analysis for diagnosis and monitoring of HNSCC.     

Proliferation and apoptosis in acute and chronic leukemias and myelodysplastic syndrome

Clonal expansion of leukemic cells is thought to be due to proliferation in excess of apoptosis. To define and compare proliferation and apoptosis between various leukemias and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), we measured proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation as surrogate markers for proliferation and caspase 3 activity and annexin V surface binding as surrogate markers for activation of the apoptotic cascade in patients with MDS, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We found high proliferation in bone marrow cells from MDS and CMML as measured by PCNA and BrdU incorporation. The lowest level of proliferation was found in CLL. Apoptosis was also highest in MDS and CMML as measured by annexin V and caspase 3 activity. Unexpectedly, we found no significant difference in proliferation in bone marrow CD34+ cells from various leukemias or MDS. Apoptosis was significantly higher in bone marrow CD34+ cells from MDS and CML in chronic phase as compared to CD34+ cells from AML patients. Our results illustrate differences in proliferation and apoptosis between acute and chronic leukemias and MDS. These differences may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications.     

Morphine and tumor growth and metastasis

Morphine is an analgesic widely used to alleviate cancer pain. In addition, the perioperative management of pain in cancer surgery patients most often includes opioids. However, there are reports that these drugs may alter cancer recurrence or metastasis. Several mechanisms have been proposed, such as the modulation of the immune response or cellular pathways that control the survival and migratory behavior of cancer cells. The published literature, however, presents some discrepancies, with reports suggesting that opioids may either promote or prevent the spread of cancer. It is of great importance to determine whether opioids, in particular the most widely used, morphine, may increase the risk of metastasis when used in cancer surgery. This review examines the available data on the effects of morphine which influence cancer metastasis or recurrence, including immunomodulation, tumor cell aggressiveness, and angiogenesis, with special emphasis on recently published clinical and laboratory based studies. We further discuss the parameters that may explain the difference between reports on the effects of morphine on cancer.