Cancer incidence and mortality patterns among specific Asian and Pacific Islander populations in the U.S.

Objectives We report cancer incidence, mortality, and stage distributions among Asians and Pacific Islanders (API) residing in the U.S. and note health disparities, using the cancer experience of the non-Hispanic white population as the referent group. New databases added to publicly available SEER*Stat software will enable public health researchers to further investigate cancer patterns among API groups. Methods Cancer diagnoses among API groups occurring from 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2002 were included from 14 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program state and regional population-based cancer registries covering 54% of the U.S. API population. Cancer deaths were included from the seven states that report death information for detailed API groups and which cover over 68% of the total U.S. API population. Using detailed racial/ethnic population data from the 2000 decennial census, we produced incidence rates centered on the census year for Asian Indians/Pakistanis, Chinese, Filipinos, Guamanians, Native Hawaiians, Japanese, Kampucheans, Koreans, Laotians, Samoans, Tongans, and Vietnamese. State vital records offices do not report API deaths separately for Kampucheans, Laotians, Pakistanis, and Tongans, so mortality rates were analyzed only for the remaining API groups. Results Overall cancer incidence rates for the API groups tended be lower than overall rates for non-Hispanic whites, with the exception of Native Hawaiian women (All cancers rate = 488.5 per 100,000 vs. 448.5 for non-Hispanic white women). Among the API groups, overall cancer incidence and death rates were highest for Native Hawaiian and Samoan men and women due to high rates for cancers of the prostate, lung, and colorectum among Native Hawaiian men; cancers of the prostate, lung, liver, and stomach among Samoan men; and cancers of the breast and lung among Native Hawaiian and Samoan women. Incidence and death rates for cancers of the liver, stomach, and nasopharynx were notably high in several of the API groups and exceeded rates generally seen for non-Hispanic white men and women. Incidence rates were lowest among Asian Indian/Pakistani and Guamanian men and women and Kampuchean women. Asian Indian and Guamanian men and women also had the lowest cancer death rates. Selected API groups had less favorable distributions of stage at diagnosis for certain cancers than non-Hispanic whites. Conclusions Possible disparities in cancer incidence or mortality between specific API groups in our study and non-Hispanic whites (referent group) were identified for several cancers. Unfavorable patterns of stage at diagnosis for cancers of the colon and rectum, breast, cervix uteri, and prostate suggest a need for cancer control interventions in selected groups. The observed variation in cancer patterns among API groups indicates the importance of monitoring these groups separately, as these patterns may provide etiologic clues that could be investigated by analytic epidemiological studies. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Incidence trends and ethnic patterns for childhood leukaemia in Hawaii: 1960-1984

We analysed data obtained from the Hawaii Tumor Registry, a population-based participant in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) programme that monitors cancer incidence and mortality for the entire state. A total of 138 males and 116 females, under the age of 15, were diagnosed with leukaemia between 1960 and 1984, with average annual age-adjusted incidence rates of 49.6 and 44.8 per million, respectively. Time trend analysis by 5-year calendar periods revealed an increasing rate for leukaemia among females only, whereas other populations have shown a positive trend in both sexes. The incidence rates for all ethnic groups combined were similar to those for US whites. Japanese and Chinese males had a slightly higher rate for leukaemia than US whites, while Filipinos, Hawaiians and whites in Hawaii had relatively lower rates. Among females, incidence was higher among whites, Filipinos, Hawaiians and Chinese than among US whites, and lower among Japanese. Thus, there were notable sex differences in the ethnic distribution of this disease.     

Trends in incidence of and mortality from cancer in The Netherlands in the period 1989-1998

This paper summarises the population-based major trends in cancer incidence and mortality in the period 1989-1998 in The Netherlands. Trends of the European age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates were estimated by the Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) method. Increases in incidence were found for cancer of the breast and lung for females. For males, an increase was observed for cancer of the prostate, colon, rectum and testis. In both groups, oesophageal and pharyngeal cancer increased, but that of stomach and gallbladder cancer decreased. The main increases in mortality were found for pharyngeal cancer in males, lung in females and oesophageal cancer in both sexes. Decreases were shown for stomach cancer for both sexes and lung cancer for males. Trends in incidence may be a result of changes in behaviour, smoking habits in preceding decades are related to the increase in lung cancer for females, and early detection, screening programmes increased the incidence for breast and prostate cancers. Decreases in mortality may be related to more successful treatment of leukaemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, colorectal and testicular cancers. Primary prevention of cancer remains important.     

Cancer incidence patterns in Koreans in the US and in Kangwha,South Korea

Objective: In the US, Koreans are a rapidly growing group and comprised 10.5% of the total Asian population as of 2000. However, little has been published regarding cancer patterns in this subpopulation. Methods: Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, the California Cancer Registry, and the International Association for Research on Cancer, we compared age-adjusted and age-specific incidence rates for cancers of the prostate, breast, cervix, lung, colon, rectum, stomach, liver, and esophagus in US Koreans with rates of these cancers in residents of Kangwha, South Korea, and in US whites as a reference. Results: While the most frequently diagnosed cancer was lung among US Korean males and breast among US Korean females, it was stomach cancer for both sexes in Kangwha. Rates of prostate, breast, and colon cancer were considerably higher for Koreans in the US than in Kangwha, but were not as high as in whites. Cervical and stomach cancers showed the opposite racial/ethnic pattern, with rates highest in Kangwha, intermediate among US Koreans, and lowest among whites. Rates of rectal cancer in females and esophageal cancer in males were two-times higher in Kangwha than in US Koreans but esophageal cancer rates were similar between US Koreans and whites. Liver cancer rates were similar between Kangwha residents and US Koreans, but nearly 10-times lower among whites. Conclusions: Although these comparisons may have methodologic limitations, including data quality and racial/ethnic misclassification, the differences seen in migrant and native Koreans for some cancers warrant further investigation in this growing subpopulation.     

Cancer mortality risk among Japanese in the United States

Earlier findings on cancer mortality experiences of Nisei and Issei were updated to around 1970. Compared with U.S. whites, Japanese in Japan had a high standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for cancers of the esophagus, stomach, biliary passages, and cervix, whereas they had low ratios for cancers of most other sites. Among U.S. Japanese, the direction and magnitude of the SMR transition varied by site, but generally the SMR moderated toward that of U.S. whites. Specifically, mortality from stomach cancer was elevated through the ratio has been reduced. In addition, mortality from cancers of the liver and biliary passages remained high. In contrast to a sharp decline in the SMR for esophageal cancer, the SMR for cancer of the colon and lymphomas rose closer to the levels for whites. The SMR for cancers of the ovary and prostate gland represented a rise above that of Japan. A higher Issei than Nisei SMR was observed for most cancer sites, regardless of the risk level in Japan. The reverse was true for cancers of the liver and nasopharynx among males, cancers of the breast and ovary among females, and lymphosarcoma and leukemia among both sexes.     

Cancer patterns among Koreans in Japan, Koreans in Korea and Japanese in Japan in relation to life style factors

Cancer incidences for major sites were compared among Koreans in Osaka, Japan, Koreans in Korea and Japanese in Osaka by calculating standardized proportional incidence ratios (SPIR's), in addition to updating the findings on cancer mortality experiences of Koreans and Japanese in Osaka reported before. Compared with Japanese, Koreans in Osaka had significantly higher mortality rates from cancers of the esophagus, liver and lung in males, and liver in females. Mortality rates among Koreans in Osaka were significantly lower for stomach cancer in both sexes and for breast cancer in females. Compared with Korean counterparts in the homeland, Koreans in Osaka had a reduced risk for cancers of the stomach in males and the uterus in females. On the other hand, an elevated risk was observed for cancers of the esophagus, colon, liver and lung among Korean males in Osaka and for cancers of the colon and liver among Korean females in Osaka. The risk for cancer of the breast in females was similar among Koreans in the host and home countries. These different cancer patterns among Koreans in the host and home countries and Japanese are discussed in relation to their life styles, such as smoking, drinking and dietary habits, which have been investigated by means of questionnaire surveys.     

Cancer statistics for Asian Americans,Native Hawaiians,and Pacific Islanders, 2016: Converging incidence in males and females

Cancer is the leading cause of death among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders (AANHPIs). In this report, the American Cancer Society presents AANHPI cancer incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Among AANHPIs in 2016, there will be an estimated 57,740 new cancer cases and 16,910 cancer deaths. While AANHPIs have 30% to 40% lower incidence and mortality rates than non‐Hispanic whites for all cancers combined, risk of stomach and liver cancers is double. The male‐to‐female incidence rate ratio among AANHPIs declined from 1.43 (95% confidence interval, 1.36‐1.49) in 1992 to 1.04 (95% confidence interval, 1.01‐1.07) in 2012 because of declining prostate and lung cancer rates in males and increasing breast cancer rates in females. The diversity within the AANHPI population is reflected in the disparate cancer risk by subgroup. For example, the overall incidence rate in Samoan men (526.5 per 100,000) is more than twice that in Asian Indian/Pakistani men (216.8). Variations in cancer rates in AANHPIs are related to differences in behavioral risk factors, use of screening and preventive services, and exposure to cancer‐causing infections. Cancer‐control strategies include improved use of vaccination and screening; interventions to increase physical activity and reduce excess body weight, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption; and subgroup‐level research on burden and risk factors. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:182‐202. © 2016 American Cancer Society .     

High Mortality Rate of Stomach Cancer Caused Not by High Incidence but Delays in Diagnosis in Aomori Prefecture,Japan

Background: There are substantial differences in the mortality rates of stomach cancer among the 47 prefectures in Japan, and Aomori prefecture is one of the most severely impacted. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence and mortality rates of stomach cancer in Aomori prefecture in comparison with Japan as a whole and cast light on reasons underlying variation. Methods: Data on stomach cancer cases were extracted from the Aomori Cancer Registry Database. Incidence rates for specific stages at the time of diagnosis were cited from Monitoring of Cancer Incidence in Japan, and mortality rates for stomach cancer in Aomori prefecture and the whole of Japan were obtained from Vital Statistics. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates were calculated using the direct method. Results: The age-standardised incidence rate of stomach cancer in Aomori prefecture was higher than in the whole of Japan for males but lower for females. However, the age-standardised mortality rates were higher in Aomori prefecture in both sexes. The proportion of localised cancers was lower in Aomori prefecture than in the whole of Japan for most age groups. Conclusions: The lower rate for localised cancer suggests that higher age-standardised mortality rates are due to delays in diagnosis, despite an attendance rate for stomach cancer screening was higher in Aomori prefecture than in the whole of Japan. One plausible explanation for the failure of successful early detection might be poor quality control during screening implementation that impedes early detection.     

Ethnicity and cancer risk in S?o Paulo, Brazil.

Data from the S?o Paulo Cancer Registry (Brazil) for the period 1969-1974 are used to investigate ethnic differentials in cancer risk. Risks for specific cancers were estimated for mulattos and blacks relative to whites, using a case-control approach with other cancers as controls. For both sexes, blacks and mulattos are at higher risk than whites for cancer of the esophagus, stomach, and liver and for myeloma; for prostate cancer in males; and for gall bladder, pancreas, and cervix uteri cancers in females. Blacks and mulattos are at lower risk than whites for cancer of the colon, lung, larynx (males only), bladder, bone, testis, breast, and corpus uteri and for melanoma and leukemia. Except for lung and colon cancers, for which life-style habits are the main risk factors, these ethnic differences are similar to those observed in the United States.     

Cancer mortality in African and Caribbean migrants to England and Wales.

Cancer mortality during 1970-85 of immigrants from East and West Africa and the Caribbean to England and Wales is described. Overall cancer mortality was raised in West African males (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.25-1.54), and non-significantly raised in West African females (RR 1.14, 0.96-1.37) compared to mortality in the England and Wales-born population. Much of the increased risk was due to very high rates of liver cancer in males (RR 31.6, 23.8-41.9), but rates were also raised for a wide range of other cancers in each sex. Only lung and brain cancer had significantly decreased mortality. In East Africans, overall cancer mortality was low in males (RR 0.63, 0.56-0.70), and in females (RR 0.80, 0.72-0.89). Mortality was significantly low for cancers of the stomach, pancreas and testis, and Hodgkin's disease in males, for cervical cancer in females, and for lung cancer and melanoma in both sexes. Cancer sites with significantly raised mortality included oropharyngeal cancer, leukaemia, and multiple myeloma in both sexes. In Caribbean immigrants overall cancer rates were significantly low in males (RR 0.71, 0.68-0.74) and in females (RR 0.76, 0.73-0.80). Mortality was significantly low for many cancers including colorectal, lung, testis and brain cancers. Mortality was significantly raised only for cancer of the prostate in males, of the placenta in females, and of the liver, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma in both sexes. Overall, mortality was high from prostatic cancer and liver cancer, and was low from brain cancer, in predominantly ethnic African immigrant groups. Both East and West African immigrants had raised rates of leukaemia. All of the migrant groups had high rates of multiple myeloma and low rates of testicular, ovarian and lung cancer. Genetic and environmental factors that may contribute to these patterns are discussed.     

中国1990～1992年胃癌死亡调查分析

目的 为探讨胃癌对中国人群的危害,对中国胃癌死亡流行分布特点进行分析。方法 对1990－1992年中国的1／10人口死因抽样调查资料中胃癌死亡情况进行分析。结果 胃癌粗死亡率25．2／10万（男性为32．8／10万,女性为17．0／10万）,占全部恶性肿瘤死亡的23．2％,为恶性肿瘤死亡中的第一位。男性胃癌粗死亡率为女性的1．9倍。中国胃癌死亡率属世界高死亡率水平,其世界人口调整死亡率男性为40．8／10万,女性为18．6／10万,中国男性为欧美发达国家的4．2－7．9倍,女性为3．8－8．0倍。中国胃癌死亡率分布有明显的地区差异和城乡差别。全国抽样调查的263个点,胃癌调整死亡率水平在2．5－153．0／10万之间,城市胃癌调整死亡率为15．3／10万,而农村为24．4／10万,农村胃癌调整死亡率为城市的1．6倍。结论 在较长时间内,中国的胃癌防治、尤其是农村以及西北经济欠发达地区应予以高度重视,胃癌是消化系统恶性肿瘤防治的重点,应采取切实可行的预防与早诊措施。     

江苏省昆山市2012年肿瘤死亡率与疾病负担分析

[目的]探究江苏省昆山市2012年恶性肿瘤死亡率与疾病负担.[方法]昆山市2012年肿瘤死亡数据来源于肿瘤登记.按照中国第五次(2000年)人口普查年龄结构及Segi's世界人口年龄结构为标准计算中标死亡率和世标死亡率.以伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life years,DALY)作为疾病负担评价指标.[结果]江苏省昆山市2012年肿瘤粗死亡率为186.42/10万(男性为238.26/10万,女性为134.86/10万);中标死亡率为99.55/10万(男性为125.68/10万,女性为72.10/10万).恶性肿瘤死亡前10位肿瘤分别为肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、结直肠癌、食管癌、女性乳腺癌、脑癌、白血病及胆囊癌,占全部肿瘤的87.39％.恶性肿瘤所致DALY为23 514.0个健康生命年,其中男性为12 801.1个健康生命年,女性为10 712.9个健康生命年.恶性肿瘤所致的每千人DALY为32.8/千人,其中男性与女性分别为35.7/千人和29.8/千人.因恶性肿瘤而早亡导致的寿命损失年(years of life lost,YLL)占DALY的比例为71.6％,其中男性为79.3％,女性为62.3％.[结论]肺癌和消化道恶性肿瘤是影响2012年昆山居民生命健康的主要癌种,依据现有条件开展恶性肿瘤预防控制十分必要.     

Cancer mortality in Illinois Mexican and Puerto Rican immigrants, 1979-1984

The site-specific cancer mortality in Illinois immigrant Hispanics for 1979-1984 was compared to that of US-born, non-Hispanic whites (Anglos). Using indirect methods of standardization, 22 site-specific cancer SMRs (Standard Mortality Ratios) were calculated for Mexican and Puerto Rican immigrants, using standard rates for Illinois Anglos. SMRs were also calculated for Puerto Rican immigrants using 1979-1982 mortality rates from Puerto Rico. Cancer mortality for all sites was lower in both immigrant groups than in Anglos. Colon cancer mortality risk was lower in immigrants, but had increased from home country rates in Puerto Rican male immigrants. In addition, immigrants retained their lower home country risks for cancer of the lung, prostate and female breast. Significantly higher risks were found in immigrant females only, for cancer of the stomach, cervix and gall-bladder (Mexican females). The cancer rates for immigrant Puerto Rican males were closer to those of Anglos than the rates for females and Mexicans, suggesting differences in the rates of transition to the Anglo cancer experience.     

Biliary tract cancer incidence in the United States—Demographic and temporal variations by anatomic site

We evaluated incidence patterns of biliary tract cancers (gallbladder, extrahepatic bile duct, ampulla of Vater and not otherwise specified) to provide potential insight into the etiology of these cancers. Data were obtained from the population‐based Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program. Rates for cases diagnosed during 1992–2009 were calculated by racial/ethnic, gender and age groups. Temporal trends during 1974–2009 and annual percentage changes (APC) during 1992–2009 were estimated. Age‐adjusted rates by site were higher among American Indian/Alaska Natives, Hispanics (white) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (Asian/PI) and lower among whites and blacks. Gallbladder cancer was more common among women in all ethnic groups (female‐to‐male incidence rate ratio [IRR] ranged from 1.24 to 2.86), but bile duct and ampulla of Vater cancers were more common among men (female‐to‐male IRR 0.57 to 0.82). Gallbladder cancer rates declined among all racial/ethnic and gender groups except blacks (APC ?0.4% to ?3.9%). In contrast, extrahepatic bile duct cancer rates rose significantly in most female racial/ethnic groups; the APCs among whites were 0.8 among females and 1.3 among males, both significant. Rates for ampulla of Vater cancer decreased among Asian/PI females (APC ?2.7%) but remained stable for the other groups. In addition to confirming that biliary tract cancer incidence patterns differ by gender and site and that the gallbladder cancer incidence rates have been declining, our study provides novel evidence that extrahepatic bile duct cancer rates are rising. These observations may help guide future etiologic studies.     

中国胃癌死亡率20年变化情况分析及其发展趋势预测

目的　分析中国胃癌死亡 2 0年的变化情况 ,探讨其变化规律、可能的发展趋势。方法对基本采用同一方法处理的中国 2 0世纪 70年代和 90年代两次死因调查结果进行对比。结果　 90年代胃癌调整死亡率男性增长 11.0 % ,女性增长 6.3 % ;胃癌死亡率 70年代城市略高于农村 ,90年代农村高于城市 3 7.0 % ;90年代城市胃癌调整死亡率男、女性分别下降 2 2 .2 %、2 6.7% ,而农村男、女性分别上升 2 6.4%和 2 2 .1%。无论城市还是农村 ,90年代胃癌死亡的男、女性之比均较 70年代略有上升 ,胃癌死亡危害男性高于女性、且农村高于城市。 90年代男、女性胃癌死亡率下降的省 (市 )各有 12个 ,分别占 44.0 % (12 / 2 7) ;除江苏省外 ,女性的下降百分比均高于男性 ;胃癌死亡率上升在前 6位的省 (市 ) ,男性增幅均高于女性。结论　中国胃癌死亡总的呈上升趋势 ,但在 2 7个省 (市 )中则有升有降 ;城乡之间 ,城市下降 ,农村上升 ;与世界各国比较 ,中国男、女性胃癌世界调整死亡率居于首位。 2 0年的胃癌死亡率在 3 0～ 59岁年龄组中呈下降趋势 ,60岁以上年龄组呈上升趋势 ,因而人口老化是胃癌死亡率上升的重要因素     

Trends in cancer mortality in Italy, 1955-1978

Trends in age-specific and age-standardized cancer death certification rates in Italy from 1955 to 1978 were analyzed. In males total cancer mortality rates increased in all age groups. However, when respiratory and other tobacco-related neoplasms were excluded, death certification rates were roughly stable up to age 64. Moderate decreases in overall cancer mortality have been apparent at younger ages (35-44) since the early 1970's. In females, all the age-specific and the age standardized, under-65 death certification rates decreased; the downward trends were more pronounced (-18.5%) in the younger age group considered (35-44 years). Respiratory cancer mortality increased sharply in males: lung cancer death rates reached a plateau in the early 1970's in the 35-44-year age group, but increased at all subsequent ages. In females, the increase in lung cancer mortality was about 50% in the 45-54 and 55-64-year age groups, but no upward trend was evident in younger women. Other tobacco-related cancers (mouth or pharynx, larynx, esophagus, pancreas, kidney and bladder) also rose considerably. In both sexes, gastric cancer mortality dropped about 50% below age 65, but mortality rates from cancer of the stomach were still considerably higher than in other Western countries. Likewise, mortality from cancer of the (cervix) uteri decreased markedly, mostly in younger age groups. Upward trends in death certification rates were evident for cancers of the bowel (colon and rectum, about 50% in males, and 35% in females below age 65), and of the breast in females. However, these trends have levelled off since the late 1960's, at least in the younger age groups. Certified death rates from cancer of the skin (melanoma) increased over all the periods considered in the young of both sexes. Cancer mortality rates showed marked increases in older (greater than or equal to 65) males, but this can be partially explained in terms of better case ascertainment and more accurate death certification.     

2016年上海市恶性肿瘤发病和死亡情况与2002—2016年的变化趋势分析

背景与目的：上海市疾病预防控制中心每年更新上海市恶性肿瘤发病和死亡及其趋势的统计资料。分析2016年上海市恶性肿瘤发病和死亡的基本情况及其2002—2016年的变化趋势。方法：采用上海市疾病预防控制中心建立的人群基础肿瘤登记管理系统和死因登记系统收集的2002—2016年恶性肿瘤发病和死亡资料,按诊断或死亡年份、性别和年龄组分层分析,计算数量、构成比、粗率、年龄别率、年龄标准化率（标化率）等指标,同时计算不同分组的主要癌症类型的数量、构成比和率值。按性别划分的所有恶性肿瘤和各主要癌症类型的发病和死亡标化率采用Joinpoint回归模型计算年度变化百分比（annual percent change,APC）分析变化趋势。应用Segi’s 1960年世界标准人口计算发病和死亡的标化率。结果：2016年上海市恶性肿瘤新发病例和死亡人数分别为74 422例和37 010人,粗发病率为513.94/10万,标化发病率为231.58/10万,女性的标化发病率高于男性。粗死亡率为255.58/10万,标化死亡率为90.01/10万,男性的标化死亡率高于女性。年龄别发病和死亡的数量和率值随着年龄的增长而增加,年龄别发病的数量和率值分别在60~64岁组和80~84岁组达到高峰,年龄别死亡的数量和率值分别在80~84岁组和85岁及以上组达到高峰。按发病例数排序,前10位常见癌症类型的部位依次为肺、结直肠、甲状腺、胃、乳腺、肝脏、前列腺、胰腺、脑和中枢神经系统、膀胱。按死亡人数排序,前10位依次为肺、结直肠、胃、肝、胰腺、乳腺、胆囊、食管、前列腺和淋巴系统。按性别划分的发病和死亡的前10位常见癌症类型与按常见组合年龄段划分的前5位常见癌症类型差异较大。总体上,男性的标化发病率在2002—2009年维持稳定状态,在2009—2016年以年均1.16%的增速上升,女性的标化发病率在2002—2009年维持稳定状态,在2009—2016年以年均4.48%的增速上升。2002—2016年,男性的标化死亡率以年均1.35%的减速下降,女性的标化死亡率以年均1.31%的减速下降。不同性别和癌症类型的变化趋势各不相同。结论：尽管男性和女性的标化发病率略有上升,但是对应的标化死亡率正在下降。按性别或年龄分层的总体和常见癌症类型的现况和趋势反映了上海户籍人口在癌症危险因素、筛查技术应用和诊疗水平等方面的变化。以人群为基础的癌症发病和死亡资料可用于减少癌症负担。     

2016年宁夏肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病和死亡分析

目的 分析宁夏2016年恶性肿瘤发病和死亡情况。方法 利用宁夏恶性肿瘤病例报告登记系统收集2016年恶性肿瘤发病和死亡资料,经质量审核后按地区、性别分层,计算恶性肿瘤发病与死亡粗率、标化率及前10位恶性肿瘤发病与死亡顺位、构成等情况。结果 2016年宁夏恶性肿瘤发病率为231.23/10万(男性246.33/10万,女性217.59/10万),中标率183.36/10万,世标率179.37/10万。发病率城市高于农村,男性高于女性,乳腺癌、肺癌、胃癌、肝癌和子宫颈癌是宁夏常见的恶性肿瘤。宁夏恶性肿瘤死亡率为115.10/10万(男性147.38/10万,女性85.93/10万),中标率88.61/10万,世标率87.16/10万。死亡率农村高于城市,男性高于女性,肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌和食管癌是宁夏常见恶性肿瘤死亡原因。近80%恶性肿瘤发病和90%恶性肿瘤死亡均发生在50岁及以上人群。结论 宁夏恶性肿瘤标化发病率低于去年全国平均水平,但高于全国西部水平,乳腺癌、肺癌、胃癌、肝癌和子宫颈癌等是宁夏高发癌种,应针对重点癌种、50岁及以上高危人群开展综合防治和相关研究工作。     

Cancer incidence patterns among Vietnamese in the United States and Ha Noi,Vietnam

Nearly 600,000 persons have immigrated to the United States from Vietnam since the end of the Vietnam War. Despite the rapid growth of the U.S. Vietnamese population, little is known about cancer incidence in this migrant group. Using population-based data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program, California Cancer Registry and International Agency for Research on Cancer, we compared cancer incidence rates for Vietnamese in the United States (1988-1992) to rates for residents of Ha Noi, Vietnam (1991-1993); non-Hispanic whites were included to serve as the U.S. reference rates. Lung and breast cancers were the most common among Vietnamese males and females, respectively, regardless of geographic region. Rates of cancers more common to U.S. whites, such as breast, prostate and colon cancers, were elevated for U.S. Vietnamese compared to residents in Ha Noi but still lower than rates for U.S. whites. Rates of cancers more common to Asian countries, such as stomach, liver, lung and cervical cancers, were likewise elevated for U.S. Vietnamese compared to residents of Ha Noi and exceeded corresponding rates for whites. Incidence patterns for stomach, liver, lung and cervical cancers may reflect increased risk of exposures in this migrant population and should be further explored to uncover the relative contributions of environmental and genetic factors to cancer etiology.     

Annual cancer incidence rates for Hispanics in the United States: surveillance, epidemiology, and end results, 1992-1996

BACKGROUND: The expansion of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program and the determination of annual population estimates by county level for different racial/ethnic groups since 1990 allow the calculation of annual cancer incidence rates for Hispanics. METHODS: Incidence rates were calculated for 11 SEER areas representing 25% of the Hispanic population. Standard regression analyses of log-transformed rates were used to determine the trends of the rates. RESULTS: An important measure of the cancer burden among Hispanics is the rank order of their cancers. For Hispanic males, the five major cancers (in declining order) are prostate, lung and bronchus, colon/rectum, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and stomach cancers. For Hispanic females, the top five cancers are breast, colon/rectum, lung and bronchus, cervix, and endometrial cancers. Another measure of cancer burden is their rates relative to white non-Hispanics. Hispanic males have rates greater than white non-Hispanic males for stomach (1.6 times greater) and liver and IBD cancers (2.2), whereas Hispanic females have greater rates for cervix (2.2 times greater), liver and IBD (2.0), stomach (2.1), and gallbladder cancers (3.3). Other measures of cancer burden include the trends in Hispanic rates. Hispanic males have significant declining trends for all sites, prostate cancer, and urinary bladder cancer, and an increasing trend for liver and IBD cancers. Hispanic females have significant declining trends for cervix and urinary bladder cancers. CONCLUSIONS: The SEER cancer incidence rates and trends provide a general overview of the cancer burden among Hispanics residing in the SEER sites. This type of information is critical for determining interventions to reduce the cancer burden among Hispanics in the United States.