miR-339-3p和miR-339-5p在体外胃癌细胞中的表达和意义

目的观察人胃癌细胞株及正常人胃黏膜上皮细胞株中miR-339-3p和miR-339-5p的表达水平,通过功能获得型（gain of function）实验验证miR-339-3p和miR-339-5p与胃癌的相关性,并阐明二者在肿瘤发生中的意义。方法采用SYBR GreenI嵌合荧光法实时定量PCR技术分别检测人正常胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1,胃癌MKN．45、SGC．7901及BGC-823细胞株中miR-339-3p和miR-339-5p的表达水平;将外源性miR-339-3pmimics和miR-339-5p mimics转染胃癌MKN．45细胞株,采用RT-PCR法检测其转染率,并应用流式细胞术和CCK-8法分别检测转染72h后MKN．45细胞的凋亡及增殖能力的变化。结果miR-339-3p和miR-339-5p在胃癌MKN-45、SGC一7901及BGC-823细胞株中的表达均下调;与对照组相比,转染miR-339-3pmimics及miR-339-5pmimics后,MKN-45细胞株的凋亡率明显增高P〈0．05）,而增殖能力明显减弱（P〈0．01）。结论miR-339-3p和miR-339-5p在3种胃癌细胞株中均呈低表达。miR-339-3p和miR-339-5p可能参与了胃癌细胞的增殖与凋亡机理。     

miR-362-3p的表达及其靶基因与胆囊癌恶性特征的关系

目的:探讨miR-362-3p在胆囊癌中的表达及功能。方法:用qRT-PCR检测手术切除的44例胆囊癌患者手术标本中miR-362-3p的表达,并分析其表达与胆囊癌临床病理特征及预后的关系。miR-362-3p模拟物转染胆囊癌细胞后,分别用MTT法、细胞划痕试验及Transwell侵袭试验观察细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的改变。通过生物信息学方法及双荧光素酶报告基因试验分析miR-362-3p的靶基因,并采用补救试验验证。结果:miR-362-3p在胆囊癌组织的表达明显低于相应癌旁组织(P0.05)。miR-362-3p的低表达与肿瘤TNM分期、淋巴结转移及远处转移明显有关(均P0.05)。低表达miR-362-3p患者总体生存率较高表达miR-362-3p患者明显降低(P0.05)。转染miR-362-3p模拟物后,胆囊癌细胞的增殖,迁移及侵袭能力明显减弱(均P0.05)。Nemo样激酶(NLK)被确定为miR-362-3p的潜在靶基因,转染NLK过表达载体后,miR-362-3p模拟物对胆囊癌细胞的上述作用被明显逆转(均P0.05)。结论:miR-362-3p在胆囊癌中表达下调,下调的miR-362-3p减少了对靶基因NLK的抑制,从而促进了胆囊癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。     

miR-7856-5p通过靶向作用3对结直肠癌细胞SW480迁移和增殖的影响

目的探索微小RNA(miRNA,miR)-7856-5p对EPH受体A3(EPHA3)基因表达的调控作用及对结直肠癌细胞SW480迁移和增殖的影响。方法实时定量聚合酶链反应(Real-time PCR)检测结直肠癌组织和细胞系中miR-7856-5p的表达。脂质体转染法分别将miR-7856-5p模拟物和miR-NC转入结直肠癌细胞SW480,分别定义为miR-7856-5p组和miR-NC组。Real-time PCR检测转染效果。Transwell实验和CCK-8实验检测转染后细胞迁移和增殖能力。生物信息学软件预测和双荧光素酶报告基因系统验证miR-7856-5p的靶基因。Real-time PCR和Western blot检测转染后细胞中EPHA3的表达。符合正态分布的计量资料以均数±标准差(Mean±SD)表示,组间比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析。结果miR-7856-5p在结直肠癌组织的表达明显低于癌旁组织(P<0.01)。miR-7856-5p在结直肠癌细胞系的表达明显低于正常肠黏膜上皮细胞(P<0.05),在SW480细胞中表达最低(P<0.01)。miR-7856-5p组miR-7856-5p的表达明显高于miR-NC组,差异有统计学意义[(9.49±1.09)比(1.06±0.18),P<0.01]。miR-NC组和miR-7856-5p组迁移细胞数量分别为(125.70±14.05)个和(42.01±8.98)个,miR-7856-5p组细胞迁移能力明显下降(P<0.01)。与miR-NC组比较,miR-7856-5p组细胞增殖能力明显降低(P<0.05)。生物信息学软件显示miR-7856-5p的靶基因是EPHA3。双荧光素酶报告基因系统证实miR-7856-5p可靶向结合EPHA3基因(P<0.05)。与miR-NC组比较,miR-7856-5p组SW480细胞中EPHA3的表达明显降低(P<0.05)。结论miR-7856-5p可通过靶向调控EPHA3的表达,抑制结直肠癌细胞SW480的迁移和增殖能力。     

GAS5对骨肉瘤U2OS细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响

目的:观察生长停滞特异性转录因子5(GAS5)对骨肉瘤U2OS细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响,探讨其机制。方法:在人骨肉瘤U2OS细胞和人正常成骨hFOB 1.19细胞中,采用实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测GAS5和微小RNA (miR)-221的表达,Western blot检测基质金属蛋白酶抑制物-2 (TIMP2)蛋白的表达。转染pcDNA-GAS5重组质粒后,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法和Trasnwell小室法检测GAS5对U2OS细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响,qRT-PCR检测GAS5对miR-221表达的影响。利用Starbase软件预测和双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证GAS5与miR-221以及miR-221与TIMP2的靶向关系。转染miR-221模拟物和miR-221抑制剂后,观察miR-221过表达对GAS5调控的U2OS细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响以及miR-221对TIMP2蛋白表达的影响。结果:与正常hFOB 1.19细胞相比,U2OS细胞中GAS5和TIMP2蛋白的表达水平明显降低,而miR-221表达水平显著升高(GAS5:P=0.0001;TIMP2:P=0.0003;miR-221:P=0.0004)。GAS5过表达可抑制U2OS细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭(增殖48h:P=0.0005;增殖72h:P=0.0002;迁移:P=0.002;侵袭:P=0.001),而miR-221过表达可明显逆转GAS5对U2OS细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的抑制作用(增殖48h:P=0.0002;增殖72h:P=0.0003;迁移:P=0.0001;侵袭:P=0.0001)。Starbase软件预测到miR-221存在能够与GAS5互补结合的位点,还存在能够与TIMP2 3′UTR互补结合的位点;双荧光素酶结果显示miR-221过表达后野生型GAS5(GAS5-WT)和野生型TIMP2 (TIMP2-WT)细胞的荧光素酶活性明显降低(P均为0.0003);同时,GAS5过表达后,U2OS细胞中miR-221表达水平明显降低(P=0.0001),反之miR-221明显升高(P=0.0001);miR-221过表达后,U2OS细胞中TIMP2蛋白的表达水平明显降低(P=0.0003),反之TIMP2蛋白的表达水平明显升高(P=0.0009)。结论:GAS5可通过靶向抑制miR-221促进TIMP2表达,进而抑制U2OS细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。     

姜黄素调控miR-199a-3p基因抑制前列腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的研究

目的探讨姜黄素调控miR-199a-3p的基因表达对前列腺癌C4-2细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法将miR-199a-3p抑制物及阴性对照转染至C4-2细胞中,并分别标记为anti-miR-199a-3p组和anti-miR-con组;将仅加入脂质体的C4-2细胞标记为对照组。运用MTT法检测通过姜黄素(0、20、40、80μmol/L)处理的C4-2细胞的增殖情况。40μmol/L姜黄素处理C4-2细胞后,Transwell法检测细胞的迁移和侵袭能力;qRT-PCR检测细胞的miR-199a-3p表达量。将inhibitor NC、miR-199a-3p inhibitor转染至C4-2细胞中,再用40μmol/L姜黄素处理48 h,采用MTT法、Transwell法检测各组细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭情况;Western blot检测各组C4-2细胞中基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、β-catenin、Cyclin D1和c-Myc的蛋白表达量。结果与对照组比较,姜黄素能明显抑制C4-2细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭(P<0.05)。姜黄素(40μmol/L)处理后,C4-2细胞中miR-199a-3p的表达量显著增加(P<0.05)。抑制miR-199a-3p的表达,可逆转姜黄素对C4-2细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的抑制作用(P<0.05)。使用姜黄素处理miR-199a-3p低表达的C4-2细胞后,与anti-miR-con组相比,anti-miR-199a-3p组C4-2细胞的MMP-2、MMP-9的表达量显著增加(P<0.05),β-catenin、Cyclin D1和c-Myc蛋白表达量均显著增加(P<0.05)。结论姜黄素可上调miR-199a-3p的表达,从而抑制前列腺癌C4-2细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。     

miR-141-3p在肝细胞癌组织中的表达及其靶基因与肝细胞癌恶性特征的关系

目的观察微小RNA(miRNA,miR)-141-3p在肝细胞癌(HCC)组织中的表达及其对肝癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响。方法通过生物信息学软件筛选到可能靶向调控高尔基体蛋白73(GP73)基因的hsa-miR-141-3p,并以双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证存在靶向关系。采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和Western blot方法分别检测HCC细胞系、HCC组织及癌旁组织中的miR-141-3p与GP73分子的表达水平,并分析HCC组织中miR-141-3p表达与HCC临床病理学特征的关系。采用噻唑蓝(MTT)、EdU及Transwell实验观察miR-141-3p过表达对HCC细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响。结果 miR-141-3p在HCC组织中的表达水平低于癌旁组织(P0.05),GP73 mRNA及其蛋白则相反(P0.05);HCC组织中miR-141-3p的表达水平与GP73 mRNA的表达水平呈负相关,且miR-141-3p的低表达与血管侵犯、肿瘤分化等级及临床TNM分期密切相关(P0.05)。MTT结果显示,Huh-7细胞转染miR-141-3p过表达质粒后,各时点吸光度(A)值低于空白对照组和miR-NC组(P0.05);EdU检测结果表明,转染miR-141-3p后,Huh-7和MHCC-97H细胞的EdU阳性细胞比低于空白对照组和miR-阴性对照(NC)组(P0.05);Traswell检测结果表明,转染miR-141-3p后,MHCC-97H细胞的侵袭细胞数和迁移细胞数低于空白对照组和miR-NC组(P0.05);细胞学功能回复实验结果表明,miR-141-3p+GP73组的侵袭细胞数和迁移细胞数低于空白对照组和miR-NC组,但高于miR-141-3p组和miR-141-3p+GP73-NC组(P0.05)。结论 HCC组织中miR-141-3p呈低表达,且GP73 mRNA表达水平与其呈负相关;低表达miR-141-3p与HCC细胞的侵袭和转移能力密切相关。过表达miR-141-3p能够显著抑制HCC细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移,逆转miR-141-3p的部分抑制作用可通过恢复表达不含3′非翻译区(UTR)的GP73基因实现。     

lncRNA MEG3靶向调节miR-27a-3p抑制胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的实验研究

目的:探究lncRNA MEG3对胃癌(GC)细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响及机制。方法:qRT-PCR检测人正常胃上皮细胞GES-1和GC细胞(BGC823、MGC803、SGC7901、AGS、MKN28、MKN451)中MEG3及miR-27a-3p表达差异;将AGS细胞分为对照组、GV144组、GV144-MEG3组、GV144-MEG3+miR-27a-3p NC组、GV144-MEG3+miR-27a-3p mimics组;比较各组AGS细胞中MEG3及miR-27a-3p表达情况;检测细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,Western blot检测ki-67、MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白表达,双荧光素酶报告实验验证MEG3与miR-27a-3p的靶向关系。结果:与GES-1细胞相比,GC细胞中MEG3水平降低,miR-27a-3p水平升高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,GV144-MEG3组MEG3水平升高,miR-27a-3p、ki-67、MMP-2、MMP-9水平及增殖、迁移和侵袭能力降低(P<0.05);上调miR-27a-3p表达可减弱MEG3过表达对AGS细胞恶性行为的抑制作用。miR-27a-3p是MEG3的靶基因。结论:过表达MEG3可能通过靶向下调miRNA-27a-3p表达抑制AGS细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭。     

肝细胞癌中miR-942-5p的表达及其与患者恶性特征及不良预后的关系

目的:探讨微小RNA-942-5p(miR-942-5p)在肝细胞癌(HCC)组织中的表达及其功能。方法:用实时定量PCR检测西安交通大学第一附属医院样本库保存的73例HCC组织和对应癌旁组织中miR-942-5p的表达。分析miR-942-5p表达与HCC患者临床病理资料的关系,同时分析TCGA数据库中miR-942-5p表达与HCC患者总生存率的关系。Transwell小室检测干扰miR-942-5p表达后HCC细胞迁移和侵袭能力的变化,StarBase V3.0网站和荧光素酶报告基因质粒预测分析miR-942-5p的下游靶点,并用Western blot验证。结果:miR-942-5p表达量在HCC组织中明显高于对应癌旁组织(2.390 vs. 1.764,P0.05)。miR-942-5p表达量与HCC患者肿瘤数目、血管浸润和临床分期明显有关(均P0.05)。miR-942-5p高表达HCC患者总生存率明显低于miR-942-5p低表达HCC患者(19.535%vs. 53.873%,P0.05)。沉默miR-942-5p表达后,肝癌HCCLM3和MHCC97H细胞迁移和侵袭能力明显减弱(均P0.05)。预测与分析结果显示,扣针蛋白5(FBLN5)是miR-942-5p的直接下游靶点(P0.05),沉默miR-942-5p表达导致HCCLM3和MHCC97H细胞中FBLN5表达增加。结论:miR-942-5p在HCC组织中表达异常升高并与恶性临床特征和不良预后密切相关,机制可能与miR-942-5p抑制FBLN5表达促进HCC细胞迁移和侵袭有关。     

microRNA-671-5p在肝细胞癌中的表达及其负向调控丝切蛋白2与上皮细胞-间质转化的关系

背景与目的:近年研究发现,microRNA-671-5p(miR-671-5p)参与了多种恶性肿瘤的发生发展,同时与多种病毒介导的肝损伤相关,但其与肝细胞癌(HCC)之间的关系目前仍未见报道。本研究的目的为观察miR-671-5p在HCC中的表达情况,分析其功能及其与HCC生物学行为及临床病理特征的联系,并初步探讨作用机制。方法:用qRT-PCR检测80例HCC组织及癌旁组织样本、不同HCC细胞系(Hep3B、MHCC-97H、HepG2、SMMC-7721)及人正常肝细胞(L02)中miR-671-5p的表达,且在同时分析TCGA数据库中miR-671-5p在HCC组织与癌旁组织的表达差异。分析miR-671-5p表达量与临床病理因素的关系;用miR-671-5p抑制物敲低MHCC-97H细胞系中miR-671-5p的表后,分别采用CCK-8实验及Transwell实验分别检测HCC细胞转染miR-671-5p抑制物后增殖、侵袭及迁移能力的变化。利用TargetScan及Starbase网站预测miR-671-5p的靶基因,并通过Western blot、双荧光素酶实验及TCGA数据库分析验证。用Western blot观察降低miR-671-5p表达对HCC细胞中miR-671-5p靶基因及上皮细胞-间质转化(EMT)相关蛋白(E-cadherin、N-cadherin、vimentin)表达的影响,以及在此基础上同时敲低靶基因的表达后,以上蛋白表达的变化。结果:miR-671-5p的表达在HCC组织中明显高于其癌旁组织,在各种HCC细胞系中均明显高于正常肝细胞,且随着样本肿瘤分期与HCC细胞的侵袭力的增加而升高(均P0.05);TCGA数据库分析也显示,miR-671-5p在HCC组织中的表达量明显高于癌旁组织(P0.05)。miR-671-5p的表达水平与AFP水平、肿瘤数目、静脉侵犯、Edmondson-Steiner分级及TNM分期明显有关(均P0.05)。转染miR-671-5p抑制物后,MHCC-97H细胞的增殖、侵袭及迁移能力均明显降低(均P0.05)。生物信息学分析及双荧光素酶实验均显示丝切蛋白2(CFL2)是miR-671-5p潜在靶基因,TCGA数据库分析也显示miR-671-5p与CFL2的表达呈负相关(均P0.05)。降低MHCC-97H细胞中miR-671-5p的表达后,CFL2蛋白的表达水平升高,同时EMT相关蛋白表达明显降低(均P0.05),但同时干扰CFL2的表达后,以上变化均有明显程度的逆转(均P0.05)。结论:miR-671-5p在HCC中表达上调,且与HCC的不良临床病理特征密切相关。miR-671-5p可促进HCC细胞的增殖、侵袭、迁移,其机制可能与抑制CFL2的表达而促进EMT发生有关。     

miR-195-5p通过靶向ROCK1抑制肾癌细胞迁移、侵袭和上皮-间质转化

目的探讨miR-195-5p对肾癌细胞迁移、侵袭和上皮-间质转化的影响。方法通过转染miR-195-5p mimics或inhibitors分别过表达或抑制肾癌细胞中miR-195-5p的表达,转染靶向Rho相关螺旋蛋白激酶1(ROCK1)的小干扰RNA敲低肾癌细胞中ROCK1的表达量,利用细胞划痕实验和Transwell小室实验分别检测肾癌细胞的迁移和侵袭能力。通过双荧光素酶报告实验验证miR-195-5p对ROCK1的靶向调控作用,利用免疫印迹试验检测ROCK1及上皮-间质转化相关蛋白的表达水平。结果过表达miR-195-5p可显著抑制肾癌细胞的迁移、侵袭和上皮-间质转化,而抑制miR-195-5p的表达可明显促进肾癌细胞的迁移、侵袭和上皮-间质转化(P<0.05)。miR-195-5p可通过靶向ROCK1调控其在肾癌细胞中表达。敲低ROCK1后可部分抵消miR-195-5p inhibitors对肾癌细胞迁移、侵袭和上皮-间质转化的影响。结论miR-195-5p可通过靶向ROCK1抑制肾癌细胞的迁移、侵袭和上皮-间质转化。     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.     

Work and career experiences and emotional well-being of managerial and professional women

This study examined a research model developed to understand emotional well-being among managerial and professional women. Data were collected from 792 women using questionnaires completed anonymously. Although considerable diversity was present in the sample, most women were in early career, married but still without children. Four groups of predictor variables identified in previous research were considered: personal demographic variables. Organizational and situational characteristics, work experiences associated with job and career satisfaction and work outcomes. Work experiences and work outcomes were fairly consistently and significantly related to self-reported emotional well-being. Implications for managerial women and their employing organizations are offered.