全髋关节置换术中大转子骨折的原因与治疗

目的探讨全髋关节置换术及翻修术中股骨大转子骨折的原因与治疗方法。方法对1996年5月至2005年1月,471髋行全髋关节置换及96例全髋关节翻修术发生大转子骨折及大转子截骨不愈合的14例患者进行回顾性分析。其中大转子骨折11例,截骨不愈合3例。2例保守治疗,12例采用螺钉或克氏针加张力带钢丝固定的方法治疗。结果术后随访5~64个月,平均25个月。14例患者全部愈合。Harris评分从术前平均48分恢复到术后随访时平均90分。结论骨质疏松、髋内翻、髋脱位及股骨颈截骨不当等因素是全髋关节置换术及翻修术中股骨大转子骨折的主要原因。采用螺钉或克氏针加张力带钢丝固定的方法治疗效果良好。     

股骨大转子延长截骨在假体稳定股骨柄翻修中的应用

目的 评估大转子延长截骨在股骨假体固定稳定型全髋关节翻修术中应用的中期临床效果.方法 1998年1月至2005年6月对27例患者(27髋)采用大转子延长截骨对股骨柄和(或)骨水泥壳固定稳定的全髋关节翻修.临床随访评估包括Harris评分和WOMAC评分,术前Harris评分平均42.7分,WOMAC评分平均55.6分;影像学评估包括术后拍摄X线片,对比观察截骨块愈合时间、是否存在截骨延迟愈合或不愈合,截骨块是否发生移位以及假体是否下沉等.结果 共19例患者(19髋)获得随访,平均随访时间5.3年.无一例发生术中或术后骨折.术后Harris评分平均87.3分,WOMAC评分平均46.3分.所有患者大转子截骨块均于术后6个月内愈合.无股骨大转子截骨块向近端移位,3例发生股骨柄下沉,平均下沉3.4 mm,无钢丝断裂.结论 对于假体固定稳定型股骨柄翻修,采用股骨大转子延长截骨有利于手术操作和翻修假体的植入和固定,有利于截骨块的愈合,降低术中、术后并发症发生率,中期疗效显著.     

大转子延长截骨在全髋关节翻修术中应用的临床评价

目的 回顾性研究采用大转子延长截骨(extended troehanteric osteotomy,ETO)行全髋关节翻修术后股骨柄的位置变化,评价ETO在股骨假体稳定件髋关节翻修术中的作用.方法 1998年1月至2007年6月,采用ETO对股骨柄或骨水泥壳固定稳定性全髋关节33例33髋进行翻修.翻修术后采用Harris评分和MOMAC评分评估髋关节功能,摄动态X线片观察截骨块愈合、假体位置改变及股骨柄与股骨髓腔匹配等情况.结果 25例随访12～103个月,平均63个月.Harris评分由术前平均38.4分,提高到末次随访时88.7分;WOMAC评分由术前平均56.2分,降至末次随访时42.8分.大转子截骨块均在术后4～10个月骨性愈合.3例发生股骨柄下沉.平均3.4mm.股骨柄假体出现外翻、内翻各1例.无术中或术后骨折、钢丝断裂、感染、假体周围骨溶解以及异位骨化发生.术后关节脱位1例.结论 对假体固定稳定性股骨柄进行翻修,采用ETO有利于假体的安全取出,术后截骨块愈合率高,延长截骨不影响假体稳定性.股骨柄下沉、位置改变、截骨块骨折等并发症发生率低.     

大粗隆延长截骨结合记忆合金内固定在股骨柄翻修术中的应用

目的探讨大粗隆延长截骨结合记忆合金卡环或环抱器在股骨假体固定稳定型髋关节翻修手术中的应用及疗效。方法 对2004年1月至2010年3月,35例（35髋）接受髋关节股骨假体翻修手术中进行大粗隆延长截骨结合记忆合金卡环及环抱器固定的患者,平均年龄（68.2±9.6）岁,进行了平均（36.8±13.2）个月的随访,对手术时间、出血量、截骨长度、内固定方式、截骨愈合时间及术后髋关节功能进行评价。结果 手术时间平均为（95.4±23.6）min,术中出血量平均（852.5±228.3）ml,截骨长度平均为（13.5±3.5）cm,术中内固定采用记忆合金卡环2～3枚或记忆合金环抱器1枚。术后截骨愈合时间平均（4.8±1.2）个月,患者Harris评分由术前平均（39.5±13.6）分提高到术后平均（82.2±17.8）分。结论 大粗隆延长截骨在股骨柄固定牢固的髋关节翻修术中可以充分显露术野,有利于取出固定良好的骨水泥和非骨水泥股骨柄;结合记忆合金卡环或环抱器固定操作简便、固定牢靠,有利于截骨块的愈合,术后功能恢复良好。     

转子下截骨短缩全髋关节置换治疗髋关节发育不良

目的探讨股骨转子下截骨短缩人工髋关节置换治疗成人CroweIV型髋关节发育不良的临床疗效。方法CroweIV型髋关节发育不良患者18例24髋，均为女性，平均年龄46．8岁（38-55岁）。采用S-ROM或AML假体结合股骨转子下横断截骨短缩行人工关节置换术，按术前计划、股骨重叠情况及软组织和坐骨神经张力截除相应长度股骨。术前、术后行Harris评分及功能评价。结果全部病例随访9-72个月，平均29个月。Harris评分由术前41分增加到术后89分，优良率83．3％。髋旋转中心平均下降56mm，平均截骨短缩长度为31mm。截骨平均愈合时间为8个月。1髋术中、2髋术后并发股骨骨折，发生率12．5％，用加压钢板及钢丝固定，平均10个月后骨折愈合。术前Trendelenburg征均为阳性，术后15例阴性、3例阳性，转阴时间平均为13个月。单侧患者肢体不等长发生率为25％。无一例出现关节感染、假体松动、脱位、神经功能损伤等并发症。结论股骨转子下截骨短缩人工髋关节置换治疗髋关节发育不良高位脱位可避免坐骨神经损伤，单侧患者易形成肢体不等长，软组织平衡及肌力恢复需要一定时间，Trendelenburg征转阴时间长，易并发术中及术后股骨骨折，需用钢丝环扎预防。     

股骨转子间截骨联合术式治疗晚期髋关节发育不良

目的探讨股骨转子间截骨联合术式治疗晚期髋关节发育不良的临床效果。方法采用股骨转子间截骨、髋臼成形或加盖及带血管蒂髂骨瓣转移治疗晚期髋关节发育不良31例(42髋)。结果随访1．2～12年,平均4．3年,全部患者术后髋关节疼痛消失或明显减轻,髋关节功能明显改善。结论股骨转子间截骨联合术是一种治疗晚期髋关节发育不良的有效方法,可以避免或延缓全髋关节置换术。     

大转子延长截骨术在人工全髋关节翻修术中的临床应用进展

在人工全髋关节翻修术中,怎样取出固定牢固的生物型或骨水泥型股骨假体,以及完整取出股骨远端的残留骨水泥直接影响到股骨端的翻修效果。大转子延长截骨术具有较高的截骨处骨愈合率,极佳的术中暴露效果,以及外展肌张力调整等优点,已被国外学者广泛运用到全髋关节翻修及复杂的初次人工全髋关节置换中。本文对该技术的适应证、禁忌证、并发症以及其优势作一综述,以期待更深入的临床及实验研究。     

大转子延长截骨在股骨柄翻修术中的应用

目的 报道大转子延长截骨在股骨柄翻修术中的应用及其疗效。方法 从 1998年 1月～ 2000年 1月,采用大转子延长截骨术取出股骨柄、骨水泥,行翻修术 11例。男 7例,女 4例。年龄 53～ 69岁,平均 65.4岁。翻修原因 :股骨柄断裂 2例,人工股骨头置换术后髋臼骨关节炎 8例,假体位置异常 1例。结果 11例患者术后第 2 d均在助行器辅助下下床行走,术后 3个月大转子延长截骨处临床愈合后,改扶单拐行走, 6个月后弃拐行走。术后随访 6～ 30个月,大转子延长截骨处骨性愈合, Harris评分平均为 89.6分。结论 大转子延长截骨术多用于翻修术中取出固定牢固的骨水泥或非骨水泥假体柄。其适应证包括 :(1)股骨柄近端断裂,远端仍牢固固定者; (2)人工股骨头置换术后发生髋臼骨关节炎伴髋关节强直,股骨柄固定牢固,需行全髋翻修者; (3)股骨柄安放位置错误,但骨水泥固定良好者; (4)不伴有假体松动的早期严重感染需行翻修者。该方法显露充分,术后恢复快,是一种较好的股骨柄固定牢固的翻修方法。主要并发症有截骨处不愈合、移位及截骨片骨折。     

转子下外展截骨治疗先天性髋内翻长期疗效观察

[目的]分析股骨转子下外展截骨治疗先天性髋内翻的长期疗效。[方法]对17例（2l髋）先天性髋内翻行股骨转子下外展截骨术，术后平均随访13．6a。[结果]所有股骨头骺板早期闭合，平均10．6（5～13）岁；股骨颈部三角骨块于术后5（3～10）个月闭合；14髋股骨大转子过度增长，所有患者均有不同程度股骨颈短缩；1例术后6a发生膝外翻。[结论]手术促进股骨近端骺板和三角骨块早期闭合，稳定髋关节，但引发髋关节周围形态的畸形。截骨同时行股骨大转子骺阻滞是防止股骨大转子过度增长的方法之一。     

延伸的转子截骨在一期复杂全髋置换术中的应用

延伸的转子截骨在全髋翻修术中广泛应用 ,而且非常有效。然而在一期复杂全髋置换术中的应用尚未得到广泛研究。这种方法在全髋翻修术中的优点包括 :广泛暴露以利于取出内植物和骨水泥 ;矫正畸形 ;直视下置入股骨干内假体 ;而且此较大的截骨面比标准的转子截骨更有利于骨愈合。因此我们认为 ,这种截骨术的指征为严重的股骨畸形及需取出股骨内植物。本组 6例复杂一期全髋置换术采用了这种截骨术。包括 2例因股骨畸形而导致假体柄插入困难 ,2例需取出股骨内植物 ,2例股骨畸形且需取出内植物及 1例髋关节发育不良。全部采用表面有孔股骨假体重建…     

Treatment of comminuted trochanteric fractures and non-union of trochanteric osteotomy in revision total hip arthroplasty

To explore the clinical efficacy of thetreatment of comminuted trochanteric fractures andtrochanteric osteotomy non-union in revision total hiparthroplasty with tension-band f‘Lxation.     

Combined vertical and horizontal cable fixation of an extended trochanteric osteotomy site

BACKGROUND: The use of an extended trochanteric osteotomy facilitates exposure and aids in the removal of a well-fixed femoral implant and cement during revision total hip arthroplasty. Occasionally, nonunion, fracture, and trochanteric migration have been reported following osteotomy. We evaluated the rate of healing of the osteotomy site and of implant stability when fixation was accomplished with use of vertical trochanteric and horizontal metaphyseal cable fixation (combined cable fixation). METHODS: The clinical and radiographic results of revision total hip arthroplasty with use of an extended trochanteric osteotomy followed by implantation of a distally porous-coated component and combined cable fixation of the osteotomy site in forty-two consecutive patients (forty-three hips) were reviewed. Intraoperative fracture at the osteotomy site occurred in five hips (12%). RESULTS: All osteotomy sites healed by six months, with an average time to union of fifteen weeks. One implant subsided 5 mm in a patient in whom a fracture had occurred at the time of the osteotomy. No trochanteric migration occurred. Two patients required a reoperation: one because of instability, and another because of recurrent infection. CONCLUSIONS: The extended trochanteric osteotomy facilitates revision of a well-fixed femoral component. Despite occasional intraoperative fracture at the osteotomy site, combined vertical trochanteric and horizontal metaphyseal cable fixation resulted in an excellent rate of healing and implant stability.     

Extended slide trochanteric osteotomy for revision total hip arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of union, time to union, and complications associated with the extended slide trochanteric osteotomy. We also evaluated how outcomes were influenced by the preoperative cortical-bone thickness, the preoperative cancellous-bone quality of the greater trochanter, the number of cables used to reattach the trochanteric osteotomy fragment, and the use of cortical strut augmentation. METHODS: We reviewed the results for forty-six hips in forty-five patients who underwent a revision total hip arthroplasty with an extended slide trochanteric osteotomy between December 1991 and December 1996. Twenty-three patients were men, and twenty-two were women; the mean age at the time of the operation was 66.3 years. Two hips had an isolated acetabular revision, fifteen had an isolated femoral revision, and twenty-nine had acetabular and femoral revisions. One patient (one hip) was lost to follow-up. RESULTS: At a mean of forty-four months after the operation, the rate of union of the distal osteotomy site was 98 percent (forty-four of forty-five hips), with no change in the femoral component position. The time to union was not significantly correlated with the number of cables, the preoperative cortical-bone thickness, or the preoperative cancellous-bone quality of the greater trochanter. Interestingly, the time to bridging-callus union was significantly longer in the hips with a strut allograft than in the hips without a strut allograft (p = 0.04, t test for independent samples). Two fractures of the osteotomy fragment occurred, but neither necessitated another revision. CONCLUSIONS: The extended slide trochanteric osteotomy allows extensive acetabular and femoral exposure, facilitates removal of distal cement or a well fixed porous-coated stem, and allows reliable reattachment and healing of the trochanteric fragment.     

Extended trochanteric osteotomy for 2-stage revision of infected total hip arthroplasty

We evaluate the rate of osteotomy healing, implant stability, and eradication of infection when an extended trochanteric osteotomy, with interval placement of an antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer and delayed osteotomy fixation, is used to treat the chronically infected total hip arthroplasty. Thirteen cases were followed for a minimum of 2 years. All patients had complete healing of the extended trochanteric osteotomy within 6 months. At an average follow-up of 39 months, recurrent infection occurred in 3 (23%) patients. Femoral component subsidence of 5 mm occurred in 2 patients, both of which had recurrent infection. Extended trochanteric osteotomy with interval placement of an articulating antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer and delayed osteotomy fixation permits reliable healing of the osteotomy.     

Extended trochanteric osteotomy via the direct lateral approach in revision hip arthroplasty

A review of the results of the extended trochanteric osteotomy through a modified direct lateral approach in revision total hip arthroplasty was done. We reviewed 44 patients (45 procedures) at a minimum of 2 years followup (mean, 3.8 years; range, 2.1-7.2 years). There were 26 men and 18 women with a mean age at the time of surgery of 70.8 years (range, 36.9-90.4 years). Indications for use of the trochanteric osteotomy included facilitation of cement removal (25 procedures), proximal femoral varus deformity (14 procedures), trochanteric malposition (five procedures), and previous trochanteric osteotomies with significant bony overgrowth (three procedures). The mean length of the osteotomy was 133.9 mm. The mean migration of the osteotomized fragment was 2.1 mm (range, 0-20 mm) with significantly more proximal migration seen with the use of cerclage wires when compared with cables. There were two cases of trochanteric escape, for which the patients required repeat open reduction internal fixation. There were two late fractures of the greater trochanter. One femoral component had early subsidence for which the patient required re-revision with a further extended trochanteric osteotomy. The mean time to union of the remaining 40 hips was 10.3 months (range, 6-24 months). There only was one dislocation postoperatively. The extended trochanteric osteotomy through the modified direct lateral approach in revision total hip arthroplasty is a reproducible and reliable technique with a lower dislocation rate but a higher incidence of trochanteric fracture and escape than previously described with its use in the posterior approach.     

大转子延长截骨钢丝固定结合自体骨屑植骨在全髋关节翻修术中的应用

目的: 探讨采用大转子延长截骨钢丝固定加自体骨屑植骨进行全髋关节置换翻修的临床效果。方法: 自2010年12月至2018年12月,应用大转子延长截骨钢丝固定结合自体骨屑植骨,行全髋关节置换翻修术患者18例,其中男8例,女10例;年龄68~82(78.89±3.32)岁;初次置换术后至翻修时间9~22(16.33±2.93)年。术后定期随访记录患者截骨块愈合时间、完全负重活动时间、髋关节Harris评分及并发症等情况。结果: 纳入研究的18例患者均获得随访,时间16~38(25.78±6.65)个月。手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合。切口长度16~21(18.89±1.32) cm。手术时间105~128(115.44±6.59) min;出血量240~285(267.44±13.77) ml。截骨块愈合时间12~18(15.61±1.75)周;患者完全负重活动时间14~22(17.78±2.53)周。术前髋关节Harris评分(47.11±5.04)分,完全负重活动时髋关节Harris评分(76.39±3.85)分,末次随访时髋关节Harris评分(82.22±2.76)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访期间,患者均未发生患肢短缩、感染、切口愈合不良、假体松动及下沉、假体周围骨折等并发症。结论: 在全髋关节置换翻修术时,应用大转子延长截骨钢丝固定结合自体骨屑植骨,能够获得满意的临床治疗效果,但需要术者对翻修术前、术中及术后恢复等各个时期做好系统规划。