乳腺癌激素受体状态与复发风险分布特征的相关研究

目的 研究不同激素受体(hormone receptor,HR)状态的乳腺癌患者术后复发风险时间分布特征.方法 回顾性研究北京肿瘤医院乳腺中心自1999年12月-2006年4月手术的1099例原发性乳腺癌患者激素受体状态的复发风险曲线模式.结果 所有患者均获得随访,中位随访时间60.6个月,1099例患者中171例复发.激素受体阴性(hormone receptor-negative,HR-)的乳腺癌患者,在术后第12个月出现第一个复发高峰,54个月左右出现第二个复发高峰.激素受体阳性(hormone receptor-positive,HR+)患者的第一峰在36个月出现,峰值较低且上升较缓和,约在54个月出现第二高峰,随后激素受体阳性肿瘤患者复发风险曲线高于激素受体阴性者.淋巴结阳性(lymphnode-positive,LN+)组与阴性(lymph node-negative,LN-)组在HR-组与HR+组有类似的复发风险曲线模式,淋巴结转移越多复发风险越高.HR+组中LN+亚组复发风险峰值高于LN-亚组2～3倍,HR-组中LN+亚组复发风险峰值高于LN-亚组3～4倍.HR(+)组无复发生存率高于HR(-)组(P＜0.01). 结论 HR+组乳腺癌术后54个月时复发风险高于HR-组,HR+组中LN+患者复发风险高于LN-者.     

三阴性乳腺癌临床病理特征及预后分析

目的 分析三阴性乳腺癌的临床病理特征及与预后的关系. 方法 回顾性分析2002年1月-2007年2月北京通州妇幼保健院收治的乳腺癌患者196例,进行免疫组织化学法测定Her-2、ER、PR蛋白表达,并分为两组,一组为三阴性(triple-negative)乳腺癌,即Her2(-),ER(-),PR(-),另一组为非三阴性乳腺癌.分析三阴性和非三阴性乳腺癌的临床病理特征,比较三阴性乳腺癌患者术后的3年无瘤生存率. 结果 三阴性乳腺癌在所有患者中所占比例为13.27%(26/196),其肿瘤大小情况、组织学Ⅲ级的比例高于非三阴性乳腺癌(P＜0.05).三阴性乳腺癌和非三阴性乳腺癌3年无瘤生存率分别为84.62%(22/26)和92.94%(158/170). 结论 三阴性乳腺癌较非三阴性乳腺癌易发生局部复发和远处转移,预后差.     

雌、孕激素受体和表皮生长因子受体2在乳腺癌分型中的应用

目的 研究乳腺癌分子亚型的临床病理特征及预后.方法 SP法检测509例手术切除的乳腺癌雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)、表皮生长因子受体2(erbB-2,Her-2)表达并对其分型,Her-2-、ER/PR+为腔上皮样A亚型(Luminal A),Her-2+、ER/PR+为腔上皮样B亚型(Luminal B),Her-2-、ER-、PR-为三阴性型(Tripie-negative)、Her-2+、ER-、PR-为ERBB2+亚型(ERBB2+).χ~2检验比较亚型的临床病理特征,Kaplan-Meier法分析5年无瘤生存率(DFS),单因素和Cox多因素分析与复发和转移相关的因素.结果 Luminal A占所有病例40.5%(206/509),Luminal B占18.5%(94/509),Tripie-negative占21.4%(109/509),ERBB2+19.6%(100/509).三阴性型乳腺癌中髓样癌的比例高于其他类型乳腺癌(P<0.05),4种亚型复发转移率差异有统计学意义(P=0.029).多因素分析发现淋巴结状态和l临床分期是独立的预后影响因素(P=0.000).ERBB2+和Triple-negative的DFS分别为81%、78.9%,低于Luminal A和Luminal B的DFS(88.8%、90.4%)(P=0.025).结论 在本组乳腺癌患者中,Luminal A亚型所占比例最高,Triple-negative和ERBB2+复发转移率高,预后较Luminal A和Luminal B亚型差.     

绝经后Luminal B型乳腺癌的内分泌治疗

目的 探讨芳香化酶抑制剂和三苯氧胺对绝经后Luminal B型乳腺癌患者的疗效.方法 收集天津市肿瘤医院2002年7月至2005年3月间733例术后接受辅助内分泌治疗的原发性乳腺癌患者资料,肿瘤性质均经手术切除病理组织学证实.患者均为绝经后且ER阳性,其中501例接受三苯氧胺治疗,232例接受芳香化酶抑制剂治疗.采用免疫组化SP法进行ER、PR、HER2检测.随访时间36～90个月,中位随访时间46个月.结果 芳香化酶抑制剂治疗组Luminal B型乳腺癌患者三年无瘤生存率高于三苯氧胺组(90.6% vs.88.6%,P=0.038).三苯氧胺组亚组分析显示:LN+/HER2+患者三年无瘤生存率低于LN+/HER2-患者(88.2% vs 90.4%,P=0.037);HER2+/PR+患者高于HER2+/PR-患者(90.8% vs.89.5%,P=0.032).芳香化酶抑制剂组内LN(+)和LN(-)亚组中,HER2(+)患者与HER2(-)患者的三年无瘤生存率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而HER2+/PR+组高于HER2+/PR-组(91.9% vs.90.5%,P=0.029).芳香化酶抑制剂组潮热、阴道出血、静脉血栓形成的发生率低,肌肉骨骼疼痛、骨折的发生率则高于三苯氧胺组(P<0.05).结论 芳香化酶抑制剂对绝经后Luminal B型患者疗效好于三苯氧胺,此效果不受患者腋窝淋巴结状态的影响,且耐受性和安全性较好.     

绝经后Luminal B型乳腺癌的内分泌治疗

目的 探讨芳香化酶抑制剂和三苯氧胺对绝经后Luminal B型乳腺癌患者的疗效.方法 收集天津市肿瘤医院2002年7月至2005年3月间733例术后接受辅助内分泌治疗的原发性乳腺癌患者资料,肿瘤性质均经手术切除病理组织学证实.患者均为绝经后且ER阳性,其中501例接受三苯氧胺治疗,232例接受芳香化酶抑制剂治疗.采用免疫组化SP法进行ER、PR、HER2检测.随访时间36～90个月,中位随访时间46个月.结果 芳香化酶抑制剂治疗组Luminal B型乳腺癌患者三年无瘤生存率高于三苯氧胺组(90.6% vs.88.6%,P=0.038).三苯氧胺组亚组分析显示:LN+/HER2+患者三年无瘤生存率低于LN+/HER2-患者(88.2% vs 90.4%,P=0.037);HER2+/PR+患者高于HER2+/PR-患者(90.8% vs.89.5%,P=0.032).芳香化酶抑制剂组内LN(+)和LN(-)亚组中,HER2(+)患者与HER2(-)患者的三年无瘤生存率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而HER2+/PR+组高于HER2+/PR-组(91.9% vs.90.5%,P=0.029).芳香化酶抑制剂组潮热、阴道出血、静脉血栓形成的发生率低,肌肉骨骼疼痛、骨折的发生率则高于三苯氧胺组(P<0.05).结论 芳香化酶抑制剂对绝经后Luminal B型患者疗效好于三苯氧胺,此效果不受患者腋窝淋巴结状态的影响,且耐受性和安全性较好.     

绝经后Luminal B型乳腺癌的内分泌治疗

目的 探讨芳香化酶抑制剂和三苯氧胺对绝经后Luminal B型乳腺癌患者的疗效.方法 收集天津市肿瘤医院2002年7月至2005年3月间733例术后接受辅助内分泌治疗的原发性乳腺癌患者资料,肿瘤性质均经手术切除病理组织学证实.患者均为绝经后且ER阳性,其中501例接受三苯氧胺治疗,232例接受芳香化酶抑制剂治疗.采用免疫组化SP法进行ER、PR、HER2检测.随访时间36～90个月,中位随访时间46个月.结果 芳香化酶抑制剂治疗组Luminal B型乳腺癌患者三年无瘤生存率高于三苯氧胺组(90.6% vs.88.6%,P=0.038).三苯氧胺组亚组分析显示:LN+/HER2+患者三年无瘤生存率低于LN+/HER2-患者(88.2% vs 90.4%,P=0.037);HER2+/PR+患者高于HER2+/PR-患者(90.8% vs.89.5%,P=0.032).芳香化酶抑制剂组内LN(+)和LN(-)亚组中,HER2(+)患者与HER2(-)患者的三年无瘤生存率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而HER2+/PR+组高于HER2+/PR-组(91.9% vs.90.5%,P=0.029).芳香化酶抑制剂组潮热、阴道出血、静脉血栓形成的发生率低,肌肉骨骼疼痛、骨折的发生率则高于三苯氧胺组(P<0.05).结论 芳香化酶抑制剂对绝经后Luminal B型患者疗效好于三苯氧胺,此效果不受患者腋窝淋巴结状态的影响,且耐受性和安全性较好.     

术前甲胎蛋白水平对原发性肝细胞癌RO切除术后早期复发的影响

目的 探讨原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)患者术前甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平与R0切除术后生存和早期复发的关系.方法 回顾性分析1997年1月至2009年12月获R0切除术的582例HCC患者.其中男性488例,女性94例;年龄31 ～ 73岁,平均年龄51岁.比较术前AFP＞ 20 μg/L组(阳性组,323例)和AFP≤20 μg/L组(阴性组,259例)常见临床病理因素和1、3、5年生存率的差别,并分析阳性组R0切除术后早期复发的危险因素.结果 阳性组年龄、组织学分化程度低于阴性组,血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、肿瘤最大径、TNM分期、早期复发率高于阴性组,阳性组孤立性HCC少于阴性组(x2=8.509 ～ 32.293,P＜0.05).生存分析显示,阳性组和阴性组的1、3、5年总体生存率分别为80.5％、53.9％、40.2％和89.2％、69.8％、50.3％,1、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为65.6％、38.4％、29.6％和81.7％、51.0％、42.1％,早期复发和非早期复发患者中位总体生存时间分别为10和62个月,从复发到死亡的中位生存时间分别为6和14个月(x2 =11.884～45.013,P＜0.01).多因素分析显示非孤立性HCC和组织学低分化是影响HCC患者早期复发的独立风险因素(HR =3.712,P=0.005;HR=1.477,P=0.000).结论 术前血清AFP水平增高提示HCC存在早期复发的潜在可能.     

Basal-like乳腺癌临床病理特征与预后分析

目的 分析Basal-like乳腺癌的临床病理特征与预后.方法 收集25例Basal-like乳腺癌患者资料,回顾性分析此型乳腺癌的临床病理特征及5年无瘤生存率与总生存率,并与同期收治的34例CerbB+型、37例ER+型乳腺癌患者的临床病理特征和生存率进行对比分析.结果 Basal-like乳腺癌占同期乳腺癌的15.7%,与CerbB2+型和ER+型乳腺癌相比,Basal-like乳腺癌患者年龄相对较大,≥150岁的患者占56.0%,而CerbB2+型仅占29.4%,ER+型占35.1%(P＜0.05);Basal-like乳腺癌与ER+型比,体积相对较大(P＜0.05),但Basal-like型与CerbB2+型相比,差异无统计学意义,肿瘤直径大于3.0 cm的比率分别为64.0%和70.6%;Basal-like乳腺癌组织学分级较高,Ⅲ级占56.0%,而CerbB2+型、ER+型相对较低,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级分别占82.4%、83.8%(P＜0.01);同时.三型乳腺癌在腋窝淋巴结转移方面也存在差别,CerbB2+型与ER+型的腋窝淋巴结阳性率高于Basal-like型,前两型腋窝淋巴结阳性率分别是64.7%、64.9%,而Basal-like型为40.0%(P＜0.05);Basal-like型和CerbB2+型内脏转移率较高,ER+型多为局部淋巴结转移和骨转移;在预后方面,Basal-like型与CerbB2+型的5年总生存率低于ER+型,分别为48.5%、44.1%及83.8%,而三型乳腺癌的5年无瘤生存率差异无统计学意义,分别为42.7%、40.4%及58.3%. 结论 Basal-like乳腺癌的临床病理特征及预后与CerbB2+型相似,但是明显差于ER+型乳腺癌.     

三阴性乳腺癌中P-gp的表达及意义

目的 探讨三阴性乳腺癌中P-糖蛋白的表达及意义.方法 收集西安交通大学第二附属医院2009年1月-2010年12月171例乳腺浸润性导管癌患者的病例资料,应用免疫组织化学及荧光原位杂交技术将其分为58例三阴性乳腺癌、113例非三阴性乳腺癌.免疫组织化学法检测P-糖蛋白的表达情况,明确P-糖蛋白在二组间表达的区别.分析P-糖蛋白在三阴性乳腺癌中与临床病理特征关系,并随访58例三阴性乳腺癌患者3年复发或转移率,探讨P-糖蛋白对3年复发转移率的影响.结果 （1）三阴性乳腺癌中P-糖蛋白阳性表达率为53.45％,明显高于非三阴性乳腺癌37.17％,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;（2）三阴性乳腺癌中P-糖蛋白表达与年龄及肿瘤大小无关（P＞0.05）,与TNM分期、组织学分级、淋巴结状态及脉管浸润有关,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;（3）P-糖蛋白阳性的三阴性乳腺癌患者3年复发转移率高达58.06％,明显高于P-糖蛋白阴性组44.44％,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.生存分析显示,P-糖蛋白表达与3年累计生存率无关（P=0.161 ＞0.05）.结论 三阴性乳腺癌中P-糖蛋白高表达与肿瘤耐药和浸润转移有关,对预测3年复发转移率无明显意义,同时与3生存累计生存率无关.     

乳腺癌肺转移的临床病理特点及预后分析

目的 探讨乳腺癌肺转移患者的临床病理特点及预后因素.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2007年1月天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的1 19例乳腺癌肺转移患者的临床及随访资料.结果 119例乳腺癌肺转移患者中,激素受体(hormone receptor,HR)+/人表皮生长因子受体(human epithelial growth factor receptor,HER2)-、HR +/HER2+、HR-/HER2+和三阴性乳腺癌(triple negative breast cancer,TNBC)各亚型所占比例分别为35.3％、17.6％、21.8％、25.2％,其中三阴性乳腺癌与其他亚型相比组织学分级Ⅲ级发生率较高(P=0.016).本组患者的中位生存期为60个月(9 ～ 141个月),中位肺转移时间为29个月(3～ 99个月),发生肺转移后的中位生存期是33个月(6 ～98个月),1、2、3、5年生存率分别是72.9％、54.1％、35.1％和14.4％.结论 三阴性乳腺癌、多发肺转移灶、肺转移时间≤24个月及是否曾接受系统化疗是影响肺转移患者预后的独立危险因素.     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Long-term follow-up of callotasis lengthening of the capitate after resection of the lunate for the treatment of stage III lunate necrosis

The callotasis lengthening technique was used to gradually lengthen the capitate after resection of the lunate in stage IIIa necrosis in 23 patients. Results of ten patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years showed rapid and sufficient callus formation in every patient regardless of age. The callotasis lengthening modification of the Graner II operation provides all advantages and avoids the major inconvenience of the traditional Graner II operation. There was no increased rate of disturbed fracture healing. Results of the DTPA-gadolinium MRI study did not show any significant impairment of vascularization within the region of the capitate bone. With the “intrinsic bone formation,” contrary to every other intercarpal arthrodesis at the wrist, there is no need for an additional bone graft.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of rejection of a kindney allograft in the rat

Orthotopic DA (RT1^a) into Lewis (RT1¹) rat kidney allografts and control Lewis-into-Lewis grafts were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion measurement after intravenous injection of a superparamagnetic contrast agent. MRI anatomical scores (range 1–6) and perfusion rates were compared with graft histology (rank of rejection score 1–6). Not only acute rejection, but also chronic events were monitored after acute rejection was prevented by daily cyclosporine (Sandimmune) treatment during the first 2 weeks after transplantation. In acute allograft rejection (n=11), MRI scores reached the maximum value of 6 and perfusion rates were severely reduced within 5 days after transplantation; histology showed severe acute rejection (histologic score 5–6). In the chronic phase (100–130 days after transplantation), allografts (n=5) manifested rejection (in histology cellular rejection and vessel changes), accompanied by MRI scores of around 2–3 and reduced perfusion rates. Both in the acute and chronic phases, the MRI anatomical score correlated significantly with the histological score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r _s 0.89, n=30, P<0.01), and perfusion rates correlated significantly with the MRI score or histological score (r _s values between-0.60 and -0.87, n=23, P<0.01). It is concluded that MRI represents an interesting tool for assessing the anatomical and hemodynamical status of a kidney allograft in the acute and chronic phases after transplantation.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Cost-effectiveness of three combinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Background. This study compares the cost-effectiveness of threecombinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperativenausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods. We conducted a prospective, double-blind study. NinetyASA I–II females, 18–65 yr, undergoing general anaesthesiafor major gynaecological surgery, with standardized postoperativeanalgesia (intrathecal 0.2 mg plus i.v. PCA morphine), wererandomly assigned to receive: ondansetron 4 mg plus droperidol1.25 mg after induction and droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group1); dexamethasone 8 mg plus droperidol 1.25 mg after inductionand droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group 2); ondansetron 4 mgplus dexamethasone 8 mg after induction and placebo 12 h later(Group 3). A decision analysis tree was used to divide eachgroup into nine mutually exclusive subgroups, depending on theincidence of PONV, need for rescue therapy, side effects andtheir treatment. Direct cost and probabilities were calculatedfor each subgroup, then a cost-effectiveness analysis was conductedfrom the hospital point of view. Results. Groups 1 and 3 were more effective (80 and 70%) thanGroup 2 (40%, P=0.004) in preventing PONV but also more expensive.Compared with Group 2, the incremental cost per extra patientwithout PONV was €6.99 (95% CI, –1.26 to 36.57) forGroup 1 and €13.55 (95% CI, 0.89–132.90) for Group3. Conclusion. Ondansetron+droperidol is cheaper and at least aseffective as ondansetron+ dexamethasone, and it is more effectivethan dexamethasone+droperidol with a reasonable extra cost. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 589–92