Er: YAG激光对2型糖尿病相关性牙周炎患者龈下菌群动态变化的研究

目的 动态观察2型糖尿病相关性牙周炎患者经Er: YAG激光治疗前后龈下菌群的变化,并与不伴全身疾病的慢性牙周炎龈下菌群进行比较。方法 收集11例2型糖尿病相关性牙周炎患者的13对患牙（26个位点）作为试验组,分别进行Er: YAG激光治疗和超声治疗,采集治疗前及治疗后1、3个月的龈下菌斑;同时收集11例牙周状况相近的不伴全身疾病的中重度慢性牙周炎患者13个位点的龈下菌斑作为对照组,分析试验组是否有菌群种类变化。提取龈下菌斑DNA,进行变性梯度凝胶电泳分离及条带回收测序。结果 试验组与对照组患牙龈下菌斑的优势致病菌存在差异,分别为中间普雷沃菌和福赛斯坦纳菌。激光组治疗前后龈下菌群构成也发生改变,治疗后1个月,有的条带表达减弱或消失,并有新条带出现;测序结果表明,新出现的条带为放线菌的一种,减弱、消失的为福赛斯坦纳菌。结论 Er: YAG激光治疗前后龈下菌群的构成发生变化,治疗后1个月是关键时期;治疗后3个月,激光治疗在阻止细菌再定植方面可能更具优势。     

维吾尔族慢性牙周炎中牙龈卟啉单胞菌菌fimA毒力基因型的分布

目的：分析维吾尔族慢性牙周炎患者龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌菌毛fimA毒力基因型的分布情况。方法：收集52例维吾尔族慢性牙周炎患者的龈下菌斑，采用16SrRNA PCR法检测牙龈卟啉单胞菌，并根据菌毛fima毒力基因型的特异引物，用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测Ⅱ型fimA和Ⅳ型fima菌株的分布。结果：16SrRNA PCR法检测牙龈卟啉单胞菌在龈下菌斑中阳性检出率是76．9％。牙周袋PPD〉6mm位点龈下菌斑标本的P．gingivalis检出率高于4〈PPD≤6mm采样的位点，2组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。牙龈卟啉单胞菌菌毛．fimA毒力基因型在牙龈卟啉单胞菌感染者的检出率分别是：Ⅱ fimA型为37．5％，ⅣfimA型为22．5％。结论：维吾尔族慢性牙周炎患者龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌有较高的检出率。牙龈卟啉单胞菌存在fima毒力基因多态性。     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌在龈下菌斑和颊黏膜中的检测

目的　检测牙周健康者及牙周炎患者在颊黏膜和龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌的阳性率,探讨其与牙周炎发生和发展的关系。方法　选取40例牙周健康者和39例慢性牙周炎患者,分别收集颊黏膜和龈下菌斑样本,提取细菌DNA,设计细菌通用引物和牙龈卟啉单胞菌的特异引物用于PCR扩增,检测牙龈卟啉单胞菌的阳性率。结果　牙周健康组菌斑样本和颊黏膜样本牙龈卟啉单胞菌的阳性率分别为37·5%和32·5%,而牙周炎组菌斑样本和颊黏膜样本牙龈卟啉单胞菌的阳性率分别为69·23%和46·15%。牙周炎组菌斑的牙龈卟啉单胞菌阳性率高于牙周健康组,颊黏膜的牙龈卟啉单胞菌阳性率在组间无统计学差异;牙周炎组菌斑牙龈卟啉单胞菌阳性率高于颊黏膜, 牙周健康组两部位阳性率无统计学差异。结论　牙龈卟啉单胞菌除在菌斑中有高检出率外,在颊黏膜中也有较高的检出率,提示颊黏膜也是牙周细菌在口腔定植的重要部位,牙龈卟啉单胞菌也可在健康人群中检出,提示其有可能是口腔内固有菌群之一。     

应用实时荧光定量PCR定量检测慢性牙周炎患者龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌

目的 检测慢性牙周交患者和牙周健康人龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌、总菌量和牙龈卟啉单胞菌所占比例,探讨牙龈卟啉单胞菌与牙周炎发生发展的关系.方法 采集经常规PCR方法检测牙龈卟啉单胞菌为阳性的76例慢性牙周炎患者和25例牙周健康者的龈下菌斑,应用TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法定量检测样本中牙龈卟啉单胞菌、总菌量;构建含有牙龈卟啉单胞菌和真细菌扩增片断的重组质粒,建立定量标准.结果 本研究设计的引物和探针具有良好的特异性及敏感性.病变位点龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌数量和总菌量均比健康位点高(P<0.001),两组位点牙龈卟啉单胞菌在菌斑中的比例没有差异(P>0.05);细菌数量与探诊深度间存在显著正相关关系(P<0.001),不同的探诊深度牙龈卟啉单胞菌所占比例无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论 龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌的数量水平及细菌总量与牙周状况、牙周炎发展有密切关系,实时荧光定量PCR对牙周病学研究具有广泛的应用前景.     

龈下菌斑及冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中牙龈卟啉单胞菌的同源性检测

目的:检测牙周袋内牙周致病菌牙龈卟啉单胞菌(P.g)与冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中牙龈卟啉单胞菌的同源性,探讨慢性牙周炎发生发展与冠心病的相关性。方法:选取15例患有冠状动脉粥样硬化型心脏病伴有慢性牙周炎的患者,分别收集其龈下菌斑样本和冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块样本,提取细菌DNA,PCR检测样本中的P.g16S rDNA基因,扩增产物行基因序列的测定。结果:龈下菌斑中的P.g16S rDNA基因与冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中的P.g16S rDNA基因具有高度同源性。结论:牙周致病菌与冠心病发生发展密切相关,慢性牙周炎是冠心病的危险因素之一,为冠心病及慢性牙周炎的防治提供了依据。     

不同牙周状况龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌和福赛斯坦纳菌的分布

目的 分析中国牙周健康者和慢性牙周炎患者龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌和福赛斯坦纳菌的分布情况,探讨两种细菌在中国慢性牙周炎患者中的分布及其致病机理.方法 收集65例牙周健康者、62例慢性牙周炎患者的龈下菌斑,采用16S rRNA PCR方法检测牙龈卟啉单胞菌和福赛斯坦纳菌的分布.结果 牙周健康者牙龈卟啉单胞菌和福赛斯坦纳菌的检出率分别是21.6%、12.3%,慢性牙周炎患者病变位点两菌检出率分别为74.2%、58.1%,牙周炎健康位点两菌的检出率分别是22.6%、4.8%.牙周炎病变位点两种细菌的检出率均明显高于牙周健康者和牙周炎健康位点(P＜0.001);福赛斯坦纳菌在牙周健康者中的检出率高于牙周炎健康位点(P＜0.05);牙周健康者和牙周炎健康位点牙龈卟啉单胞菌的检出率没有差异.慢性牙周炎患者两菌联合检出率为51.6%.结论 牙龈卟啉单胞菌、福赛斯坦纳菌以及两种细菌联合感染与牙周炎密切相关.     

不同rag基因型牙龈卟啉单胞菌在慢性牙周炎患者中的分布

目的分析不同rag基因型牙龈卟啉单胞菌在慢性牙周炎患者中的分布状况。方法收集50例慢性牙周炎患者的150个龈下菌斑样本,采用16S rDNA 聚合酶链反应（PCR）法检测牙龈卟啉单胞菌在牙周炎病变位点的检出率,并根据各rag基因型的特异性引物检测牙龈卟啉单胞菌不同rag基因型在慢性牙周炎病变位点的分布。结果经16S rDNA PCR法检测,病变位点牙龈卟啉单胞菌阳性检出率为70.7%。各rag基因型在牙龈卟啉单胞菌阳性位点的总检出率：rag-1为60.4%,rag-2为23.6%,rag-3为44.3%,rag-4为15.1%;经统计学检验,rag-1和rag-3型检出率较高,高于rag-2和rag-4型（P<0.05）。结论慢性牙周炎患者龈下菌斑中的牙龈卟啉单胞菌存在rag基因多态性,rag-1和rag-3基因型牙龈卟啉单胞菌与中国辽宁地区人群慢性牙周炎的发生发展关系密切。     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌侵入口腔上皮细胞后基因表达变化的初步研究

目的:采用差异显示反转录PCR技术,比较牙龈卟啉单胞菌侵入口腔上皮细胞后基因表达的变化,初步筛选与细菌侵入宿主细胞相关的毒力致病基因。方法:提取纯培养状态和侵入KB细胞后的牙龈卟啉单胞菌ATCC 33277细菌总RNA;反转录PCR技术显示cDNA表达条带;筛选并回收差异表达条带,二次扩增cDNA,经测序和BLAST同源性比对,初步分析细菌侵入KB细胞后表达差异基因的功能。结果:共筛选获得3条牙龈卟啉单胞菌侵入KB细胞后表达存在差异的基因HX 01、HX 02、HX 03;BLAST同源性比对结果显示,HX 01与牙龈卟啉单胞菌ABC转运蛋白编码基因PG 0683具有96%的同源性;HX 02与牙龈卟啉单胞菌PepO编码基因PG 0159具有97%的同源性;HX 03未找到类似同源性基因序列。结论:牙龈卟啉单胞菌在侵入KB细胞后发生了细菌毒力基因的表达变化,跨膜蛋白ABC转座子和PepO可能参与细菌侵入宿主细胞的致病过程。     

3种寡核苷酸探针对龈下菌斑中牙周致病菌的检测

目的　采用寡核苷酸探针研究龈下菌斑中3种牙周致病菌的分布。方法　利用3种寡核苷酸探针对 60例慢性牙周炎患者60个患病位点、10例健康人的10个健康对照位点龈下菌斑中的牙龈卟啉单胞菌、福赛类杆菌、牙密螺旋体进行检测。结果　牙周炎位点龈下菌斑中的牙龈卟啉单胞菌、福赛类杆菌、牙密螺旋体的检出率分别为91·67%,90·00%和95·67%,明显高于健康对照位点;有83·33%的牙周炎位点同时检出3种致病菌,3种细菌检出情况为两两正相关(P<0·01)。结论　牙龈卟啉单胞菌、福赛类杆菌、牙密螺旋体在慢性牙周炎患者龈下菌斑中的检出率很高,它们间可能存在相互协同致病作用。     

维吾尔族慢性牙周炎中牙龈卟啉单胞菌菌毛fimA毒力基因型的分布

目的:分析维吾尔族慢性牙周炎患者龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌菌毛fimA毒力基因型的分布情况.方法:收集52例维吾尔族慢性牙周炎患者的龈下菌斑,采用16S rRNA PCR法检测牙龈卟啉单胞菌,并根据菌毛fimA毒力基因型的特异引物,用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测Ⅱ型fimA和Ⅳ型fimA菌株的分布.结果:16S rRNA PCR法检测牙龈卟啉单胞菌在龈下菌斑中阳性检出率是76.9%.牙周袋PPD＞6 mm位点龈下菌斑标本的P.gingivalis检出率高于4＜PPD≤6 mm采样的位点,2组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).牙龈卟啉单胞菌菌毛fimA毒力基因型在牙龈卟啉单胞菌感染者的检出率分别是:ⅡfimA型为37.5%,ⅣfimA型为22.5%.结论:维吾尔族慢性牙周炎患者龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌有较高的检出率.牙龈卟啉单胞菌存在fimA毒力基因多态性.     

Ⅱ型糖尿病合并牙周炎患者龈下菌斑微生物群落分析

目的：本研究旨在比较Ⅱ型糖尿病合并慢性牙周炎患者与无糖尿病的牙周炎患者龈下菌斑微生物构成。方法：12名患者分为糖尿病合并慢性牙周炎组（T2DM＋CP组）与慢性牙周炎组（CP组）2组,各6人。记录所有患者基本信息及牙周临床参数,包括年龄、性别、探诊深度和附着丧失。根据探诊深度和附着丧失取患病位点的菌斑样本。PCR检测7种牙周可疑致病菌。采用DGGE分离扩增的16SrDNA片段。结果：两组结果显示两组牙周参数无显著差异。两组7种细菌检出率相似。所有对象中均检出牙龈卟啉单胞菌、福塞坦氏菌、齿垢密螺旋体和中间普氏菌,而具核梭杆菌在两组中均有一个样本未检出。变黑普氏菌在T2DM＋CP组的2个样本中检出,而CP组有4个样本检出。伴放线共聚菌在所有样本中均未检测到。DGGE分析结果示两组间条带数量及树状聚类分析均无显著差异。结论：Ⅱ型糖尿病合并牙周炎患者龈下菌斑的牙周可疑致病菌的检出情况以及DGGE分析与无糖尿病患者相似。     

Comparison of subgingival bacterial sampling with oral lavage for detection and quantification of periodontal pathogens by real-time polymerase chain reaction

BACKGROUND: Saliva has been studied for the presence of subgingival pathogens in periodontitis patients. With the anaerobic culture technique, the discrepancy between salivary recovery and subgingival presence has been significant, which makes this approach not suitable for practical use in the microbial diagnosis of periodontitis patients. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique represents a very sensitive technique to detect and quantify bacterial pathogens. The aim of the study was to compare the presence and numbers of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis, Prevotella intermedia, and Micromonas micros in subgingival plaque and mouthwash samples by the anaerobic culture and real-time PCR techniques. METHODS: Pooled subgingival plaque samples and 10-ml mouthwash samples were collected from 21 adult patients with periodontitis and analyzed by quantitative anaerobic culture and real-time PCR for A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, P. intermedia, and M. micros. RESULTS: The detection frequency of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and T. forsythensis in subgingival plaque was identical by culture and real-time PCR and was higher for P. intermedia and M. micros by real-time PCR. The highest detection frequencies for the target bacteria were found in mouthwash samples by real-time PCR. The additional value of the real-time PCR to detect target bacteria was 38% for P. gingivalis, 73% for T. forsythensis, 77% for P. intermedia, and 71% for M. micros. The sensitivity to detect target species in mouthwash by real-time PCR was 100% for all test species except for P. intermedia (93.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Rapid detection and quantification of periodontal pathogens in mouthwash samples are possible by real-time PCR. The procedure is significantly less time-consuming than subgingival sampling with paper points. This approach to detect major periodontal pathogens in mouthwash samples may simplify microbial diagnosis in periodontitis patients and may be used to monitor periodontal treatment.     

应用变性梯度凝胶电泳分析牙周基础治疗前后龈下菌群的变化

目的:应用变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)方法观察比较牙周基础治疗前后龈下菌群微生态的总体变化,为临床诊疗方案的确定提供实验依据。方法:选取6例慢性牙周炎患者,观察牙周基础治疗前和治疗后6周时的临床指标变化,并采集治疗前后同一位点的龈下菌斑,提取总DNA,扩增不同的16S rDNA片段,DGGE分离,硝酸银染色,对图像进行聚类分析,并绘出聚类树形图。结果:所有患者经过治疗后,与基线相比,牙周状况均明显改善。基线和治疗后6周时,2个区间的DNA片段的条带数目无显著差异。通过聚类分析,证实同一患者基线时和基础治疗后6周时的龈下菌群具有较高的相似性,且不同的DNA片段所得到的条带图谱聚类树形图存在类似结果。结论:同一患者在基础治疗后形成的龈下菌群有类似于治疗前水平的趋势。DGGE能够观察龈下菌群的组成变化,适用于分析大量微生物标本的结构改变。     

Application of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to the analysis of microbial communities of subgingival plaque

OBJECTIVES: Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was applied to the microbiologic examination of subgingival plaque. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PCR primers were designed from conserved nucleotide sequences on 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16SrDNA) with GC rich clamp at the 5'-end. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the primers and genomic DNAs of typical periodontal bacteria. The generated 16SrDNA fragments were separated by denaturing gel. RESULTS: Although the sizes of the amplified DNA fragments were almost the same among the species, 16SrDNAs of the periodontal bacteria were distinguished according to their specific sequences. The microflora of clinical plaque samples were profiled by the PCR-DGGE method, and the dominant 16SrDNA bands were cloned and sequenced. Simultaneously, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia were detected by an ordinary PCR method. In the deep periodontal pockets, the bacterial community structures were complicated and P. gingivalis was the most dominant species, whereas the DGGE profiles were simple and Streptococcus or Neisseria species were dominant in the shallow pockets. The species-specific PCR method revealed the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and P. intermedia in the clinical samples. However, corresponding bands were not always observed in the DGGE profiles, indicating a lower sensitivity of the DGGE method. CONCLUSION: Although the DGGE method may have a lower sensitivity than the ordinary PCR methods, it could visualize the bacterial qualitative compositions and reveal the major species of the plaque. The DGGE analysis and following sequencing may have the potential to be a promising bacterial examination procedure in periodontal diseases.     

牙周基础治疗对慢性牙周炎患者临床指标及5种牙周可疑致病微生物的影响

目的:观察牙周基础治疗对临床指标及5种牙周可疑致病微生物的影响。方法:选取20例慢性牙周炎患者(40个位点),在治疗前和基础治疗后3个月时检测观测位点的临床指标牙周探诊深度(PPD),临床附着丧失(CAL)和探诊出血(BOP),同时采集龈下微生物样本。采用PCR和反杂交的方法对所采集微生物样本中的牙龈卟啉单胞菌、福赛斯坦纳菌,中间普氏菌、伴放线放线杆菌和齿垢密螺旋体进行半定量检测。结果:通过牙周基础治疗后临床指标PPD及BOP的改善具有统计学意义(P<0.001),而CAL的改善不具有统计学意义。治疗后牙龈卟啉单胞菌、福赛斯坦纳菌和齿垢密螺旋体的检出量显著减少(P<0.05或P<0.001)。治疗前PPD>6mm的位点只有福赛斯坦纳菌在治疗后比治疗前有显著减少(P<0.05),而牙龈卟啉单胞菌和齿垢密螺旋体的变化不具有统计学意义。结论:基础治疗是治疗慢性牙周炎的有效方法,可改善临床指标,减少龈下牙龈卟啉单胞菌、福赛斯坦纳菌和齿垢密螺旋体的数量。但在PPD>6mm的位点基础治疗对于这五微生物的影响作用是有限的。     

不同引物检测慢性牙周炎龈下菌斑中齿垢密螺旋体

目的：利用两个不同引物对慢性牙周炎患者患病部位及相对健康部位龈下菌斑中齿垢密螺旋体（Td）进行检测,以了解Td在慢性牙周炎患者不同部位的分布及Td检出率与牙周炎临床指标的关系。方法：收集58例慢性牙周炎患者患病部位及相对健康部位龈下菌斑标本,利用PCR分别扩增53kDa外膜蛋白表达基因tdpA片段及16srRNA保守区片段。结果：58个患病部位龈下菌斑标本中tdpA及16srRNA扩增的阳性率分别为58．6％和81．0％,而相对健康部位龈下菌斑标本中PCR阳性率分别为8．62％及15．5％,患病部位Td检出率高于相对健康部位（P〈0．001）,16srRNA基因片段引物检出率高于tdpA基因片段（P〈0．05）。临床附着丧失≥5mm的患牙龈下菌斑标本中Td的检出率高于临床附着丧失〈5mm标本（P〈0．05）,不同牙周袋深度及牙龈指数标本的Td检出率之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：在慢性牙周炎患者活动部位龈下菌斑中Td检出率高于相对健康部位;Td感染与慢性牙周炎关系密切;利用16srRNA保守区片段对齿垢密螺旋体进行检测检出率高于tdpA基因片段。     

Treponema socranskii, Treponema denticola, and Porphyromonas gingivalis are associated with severity of periodontal tissue destruction.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to identify Treponema socranskii in addition to Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and to clarify the relationship between the presence of these microorganisms and the severity of clinical periodontal parameters. METHODS: Saliva and subgingival plaque collected from 123 subjects (38 aggressive periodontitis patients, 65 chronic periodontitis patients, 20 healthy patients) were subjected to PCR to detect the aforementioned 3 microorganisms. RESULTS: Detection frequencies of T. socranskii, T. denticola, and P. gingivalis in plaque samples from aggressive periodontitis patients (71.1%, 73.7%, 84.2%, respectively) and chronic periodontitis patients (89.2%, 93.8%, 95.3%) were much higher than those from healthy subjects (30%, 5.0%, 10.0%). In aggressive and chronic periodontitis patients, these 3 species of bacteria were detected frequently at sites that showed deep periodontal pockets and severe attachment loss. The percentage of these bacteria-positive sites increased as the gingival index score of chronic periodontitis patients increased. T. socranskii was frequently detected together with T. denticola or P. gingivalis at the same sites, and coexistence of these microorganisms was frequently observed in deep periodontal pockets of aggressive periodontitis patients. CONCLUSIONS: T. socranskii, T. denticola, and P. gingivalis were frequently detected in periodontitis patients by PCR. The prevalence of these 3 microorganisms was correlated with various clinical parameters. Taken together, our findings suggest that T. socranskii, T. denticola, and P. gingivalis are associated with the severity of periodontal tissue destruction.     

Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the amniotic fluid in pregnant women with a diagnosis of threatened premature labor

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic and randomized controlled studies have shown that periodontal diseases may be associated with preterm labor and delivery of infants with low birth weights. The purpose of the present study was to determine the presence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity by periodontopathic bacteria in pregnant women with a diagnosis of threatened premature labor. METHODS: A periodontal examination and collection of amniotic fluid and subgingival plaque samples were performed on women identified as having threatened premature labor (preterm premature rupture of membranes without clinical infection or labor and preterm labor with intact membranes) and a gestational age ranging between 24 and 34 weeks. Samples collected from amniotic fluid and from the four deepest periodontal pockets in each patient were pooled in prereduced transport fluid and cultured. Porphyromonas gingivalis was identified primarily by colony morphology under stereoscopic microscope and rapid biochemical tests. Amniotic fluid or plaque samples were homogenized, DNA was extracted, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 16S rRNA with specific and universal primers was carried out. RESULTS: Twenty-six women with threatened premature labor were included: eight with preterm premature rupture of membranes and 18 with preterm labor with intact membranes. Eight women presented with gingivitis, 12 with chronic periodontitis, and six without periodontal disease. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity as detected by P. gingivalis PCR was 30.8% (eight of 26 patients). In these eight patients, P. gingivalis was present in both the subgingival samples and the respective amniotic fluid sample. CONCLUSION: The presence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity by P. gingivalis could indicate a role for periodontal pathogenic bacteria in pregnant women with a diagnosis of threatened premature labor.     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌PG1055基因在临床菌株中的表达

目的应用基因芯片技术检测PG1055基因在不同人群的牙龈卟啉单胞菌(P.gingivalis)中分布,探讨这些基因与牙周临床指数之间的关系。方法取龈下菌斑进行细菌分离培养,以临床采集样本提取的DNA为探针,以抑制消减杂交技术获得P.gingivalisW83的特异基因片段PG1055为目标序列,采用Cy5荧光标记目标序列。应用基因芯片技术检测PG1055基因在牙周病患者及健康人群的牙龈卟啉单胞菌中的分布。结果PG1055基因在牙周病患者及健康人群中的检出率有统计学差异,并且与牙周临床指数相关。结论PG1055基因与P.gingivalis的致病性有关。     

Sampling strategy for intraoral detection of periodontal pathogens before and following periodontal therapy

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify a sampling strategy with high probability for detecting oral colonization by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Eikenella corrodens, Tannerella forsythensis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Treponema denticola before and following mechanical periodontal therapy. METHODS: Samples were taken from the following intraoral sites in 35 patients with untreated chronic periodontitis before and 1.5, 3, and 6 months after non-surgical periodontal therapy: supra- and subgingival plaque from the deepest pockets in each sextant; pooled supra- and subgingival plaque from another six randomly selected, less affected teeth; mucosal swab samples from the tongue, tonsils, throat, and buccal mucosa; and stimulated and unstimulated saliva. Microbial species were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Of the sampling of all assessed sites, the highest probability for simultaneously detecting the tested pathogens was found in respect to the combination of supra- and subgingival plaque samples taken from the most affected tooth in each sextant in untreated patients (probability: 83% to 95% for the assessed bacteria). These results were consistently observed throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS: For determining the intraoral carrier state of patients with periodontitis, a combined sample of supra- and subgingival plaque taken from the deepest periodontal pocket in each sextant may yield the most reliable result. This sampling strategy may be used in routine microbial testing and clinical research.