血中葡萄糖含量与血流变指标的相关性研究

目的研究血中葡萄糖含量与血流变指标的相关性.方法血中加入不等量的5%葡萄糖注射液,使血浆中葡萄糖含量约为10、20、40、160mmol/L,测定血沉、压积、平均红细胞体积(160mmol/L组)及切变率200s-1和3s-1的粘度;比较单纯血糖升高者与对照组的全血粘度.结果与血浆中葡萄糖含量5 mmol/L组比较,葡萄糖含量为10、20、40 mmol/L时,压积平均增加0.02%、5.9%和11.9%,血沉平均减慢29.6%,39.0%和55.3%.低切粘度无差异,高切随葡萄糖含量的增加而降低,由10、20 mmol/L组的无显著性差异到40 mmol/L组的有非常显著性差异(t=2.81,P<0.01).当葡萄糖含量为160 mmol/L时,MCV平均增加24.2%,压积平均增加48.1%,粘度大幅上升.单纯血糖升高者与对照组比较,全血粘度无统计学差异.结论改变离体血液中葡萄糖的含量可使血流变的一些指标发生改变.单纯血糖升高者的全血粘度不升高.     

自体-3000P型血液回收机回收血液质量评价

目的探讨自体-3000P型血液回收机回收血液的质量。方法对21例脊柱外科手术应用血液回收机回收血液质量进行分析,项目包括血常规(WBC、Hb、PLT),生化(TP、ALB、GLU、TG、CHO),电解质(K、Na、Ca),凝血(PT、APTT、Fib)及细菌培养;同时与术前检测结果比较。结果回收血血常规中WBC、Hb、PLT分别为(4.21±1.49)×109/L、(99±30)g/L、(16±8)×109/L,术前结果为(6.37±1.64)×109/L、(137±17)g/L、(169±52)×109/L,差异有统计学意义;生化TP、ALB、GLU、TG、CHO含量分别为(2.7±1.4)g/L、(0.9±0.7)g/L、(0.22±0.08)mmol/L、(0.20±0.11)mmol/L、(0.09±0.08)mmol/L,术前结果为(74.8±3.2)g/L、(48.8±1.9)g/L、(4.84±0.52)mmol/L、(1.05±0.41)mmol/L、(4.48±0.71)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义;电解质K、Na、Ca浓度分别为:(3.42±2.72)mmol/L、(148.2±5.3)mmol/L、(0.20±0.17)mmol/L,术前结果为(3.95±0.42)mmol/L、(140.2±2.4)mmol/L、(2.28±0.11)mmol/L,除K外,差异均有统计学意义;凝血检测PT、APTT均超过100 s、Fib含量为(0.59±0.17)g/L,术前结果为PT(12.8±2.3)s、APTT(31.2±4.8)s、Fib(3.10±0.71)g/L,差异均有统计学意义;血培养有1例培养出表皮葡萄球菌。21例患者均未发生输血相关并发症。结论血液回收机回收血液回输,能有效减少浓缩红细胞的用量;若出血量较大,应适当补充凝血因子与血浆蛋白。     

两种置换液配方在连续性血液净化中的效果比较

目的　置换液的配方关系到连续性血液净化 (CBP)中电解质及酸碱平衡的调控 ,目前较多采用的Port方尚不十分理想 ,需频繁检测患者血生化值 (1～ 2h1次 )进行调整 ,此研究拟探索及评估一种更理想的置换液配方。方法　将我们在临床实践中摸索的自配方与Port方进行比较 ,分动物实验和临床观察 2部分 ,比较 2种配方在CBP中对电解质、渗透压及酸碱平衡维持的差异。结果　自配方的葡萄糖浓度、总分子浓度分别为 16 .2mmol/L、339mmol/L ,比Port方的 6 5mmol/L、36 5mmol/L更接近生理状况 ;动物实验显示自配方组3小时血糖、血钙浓度分别为 (7.2± 0 .7)mmol/L、(2 .3± 0 .2 )mmol/L ,明显好于Port方组的 (14 .2± 1.0 )mmol/L、(1.9± 0 .2 )mmol/L(P <0 .0 1) ;治疗中Port方组渗透压显著上升 (由 (2 98± 8)mOsm/L至 (317± 8)mOsm/L ,(P <0 .0 5 ) ,自配方组变化无显著 ;临床资料也显示了相似的变化趋势。结论　自配方在血糖、血钙及渗透压调控方面较优于Port方 ,似有进一步应用和验证的价值。     

瑞舒伐他汀联合氯吡格雷对急性脑梗死患者血脂水平、血液流变学及神经功能的效果分析

目的分析瑞舒伐他汀联合氯吡格雷对急性脑梗死患者血脂水平、血液流变学及神经功能的影响效果。方法前瞻性选取空军第九八六医院2017年3月至2018年11月收治的168例急性脑梗死患者作为研究对象。随机分为两组,观察组84例,使用瑞舒伐他汀联合氯吡格雷进行治疗;对照组84例,使用氯吡格雷进行治疗。观察并记录两组患者治疗前后的血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血细胞比容、NIHSS评分及Barthel指数等指标,以及临床疗效。结果两组患者治疗后的TC、TG、HDL-C较治疗前明显下降(观察组:6. 92±1. 01 mmol/L vs. 4. 31±0. 78 mmol/L,3. 30±0. 82 mmol/L vs. 1. 24±0. 28 mmol/L,4. 60±0. 86 mmol/L vs. 2. 43±0. 48 mmol/L;对照组:6. 84±1. 10 mmol/L vs. 5. 10±0. 88 mmol/L,3. 24±0. 76 mmol/L vs. 1. 56±0. 36 mmol/L,4. 68±0. 94 mmol/L vs. 3. 11±0. 56 mmol/L),LDL-C水平较治疗前明显升高(0. 76±0. 15 mmol/L vs. 1. 84±0. 38 mmol/L; 0. 72±0. 11 mmol/L vs. 1. 38±0. 30mmol/L),差异均有显著统计学意义(P 0. 05),且治疗后观察组患者的TC、TG、HDL-C较对照组下降更明显,LDLC水平升高更明显(P 0. 05);两组患者治疗后的全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度、FIB、血细胞比容较治疗前下降(观察组:21. 38±4. 26 mPa·s vs. 15. 72±3. 15 mPa·s,5. 40±0. 95 mPa·s vs. 4. 16±0. 81 mPa·s,4. 05±0. 72 g/L vs. 3. 26±0. 52 g/L,0. 46±0. 05%vs. 0. 43±0. 03%;对照组:21. 63±4. 33 mPa·s vs. 18. 83±3. 81 mPa·s,5. 35±0. 91 mPa·s vs. 4. 79±0. 86 mPa·s,3. 98±0. 79 g/L vs. 3. 62±0. 60 g/L,0. 49±0. 06%vs. 0. 47±0. 03%),差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),且观察组患者治疗后的各指标较治疗前下降更明显(P 0. 05);两组患者治疗后的NIHSS评分较治疗前明显下降(21. 14±4. 46分vs. 14. 47±2. 95分; 20. 67±4. 30分vs. 17. 25±3. 71分),Barthel指数明显升高(25. 03±4. 96分vs. 39. 26±8. 18,25. 38±5. 17分vs. 33. 75±6. 81分),差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),且观察组治疗后的NIHSS评分及Barthel指数较对照组变化更明显(P 0. 05);观察组患者总有效率为88. 1%,高于对照组患者总有效率75. 0%,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论瑞舒伐他汀联合氯吡格雷能有效改善急性脑梗死患者的血脂水平、血液流变学指标及神经功能,值得临床推广应用。     

高钠置换液连续性血液净化治疗在儿童脑水肿中的应用

目的:探讨高钠置换液连续性血液净化治疗在儿童脑水肿中的应用价值。方法:将42例合并脑水肿且具备连续性血液净化指征的患儿随机分为2组，常规组20例，高钠组22例。常规组连续性血液净化治疗选用钠浓度为140 mmol/L的置换液，高钠组选用钠浓度为148 mmol/L的置换液，比较2组患儿治疗期间血钠水平、并发症发生率及治疗结局。结果:以入院1周为时间截点，常规组共进行连续性血液净化治疗48次，高钠组45次。常规组及高钠组治疗期间血钠高值分别为(136.7±4.6) mmol/L和(140.4±6.1) mmol/L,2组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);常规组及高钠组治疗结束时血钠分别为(135.4±5.2) mmol/L和(138.3±6.2) mmol/L,2组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。常规组治疗结束时血钠与治疗前的(133.8±4.3) mmol/L相比，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);高钠组治疗结束时与治疗前的(133.1±4.5) mmol/L相比，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患儿治疗过程中均未出现明显高血钠及高血压病例；常规组低...     

血液灌流对维持性血液透析患者血清甲状旁腺素的清除作用

目的:观察血液透析和血液透析串联血液灌流对维持性血液透析患者血清甲状旁腺素(PTH)的清除效果.方法:将20例稳定的维持性血液透析患者分为HD组及HD+HP组,治疗前、后分别抽静脉血测定血清肌酐、尿素氮、血清磷及PTH.结果:HD组治疗后PTH及血清磷分别由(987.86±445.31)pg/mL、(2.40±0.31)mmol/L降至(973.29±424.36)pg/mL、(1.87±0.10)mmol/L,PTH清除率为(7.33±2.89)%.治疗前后无明显差异(P>0.05),血清磷治疗前后差异有显著性(P<0.05).HD+HP组治疗后PI'H由(998.38±431.96)pg/mL降至(749.13±543.13)ps/mL,单次治疗PrrH清除率为(39.73±27.53)%,治疗前后差异有显著性(P<0.05),血清磷由治疗前的(2.39±0.37)mmol/L降至(1.34±0.12)mmol/L,差异显著高于HD组(P<0.05).结论:血液透析串联血液灌流可以有效清除PTH及磷,血液透析可以有效清除血清磷但不能有效清除PTH.     

血液灌流对急性中毒患者内环境影响的研究

目的 观察血液灌流对急性中毒患者内环境的影响.方法 以天津医科大学总医院急诊医学科收治的经血液灌流治疗的26例急性中毒患者为研究对象,进行回顾性研究.分别在患者血液灌流治疗开始时、30 min时和120 min时,从体外循环动脉采血端取血检测血pH值、PvCO2、PvO2、血乳酸、钾、钠、游离钙、碳酸氢根和血糖值.应用统计软件SPSS 18.0,对3组数据进行单因素方差分析,检验各指标在不同时间差异有无统计学意义.结果 血液灌流治疗开始时、30 min时和120 min时pH值分别为(7.36±0.05)、(7.36±0.04)、(7.35±0.06);PvCO2分别为(41.0±8.8)、(40.0±5.7)、(38.0±6.7) mmHg; PvO2分别为(37.0±11.8)、(41.0±7.5)、(46.0±7.9) mmHg;血乳酸水平分别为(1.35±1.00)、(1.11±0.57)、(0.69±0.52)mmol/L;血钾水平分别为(3.1±0.5)、(3.1±0.4)、(3.0±0.4) mmol/L;血钠水平分别为(136.3±4.8)、(137.3±5.4)、(137.3±5.0)mmol/L;血游离钙水平分别为(0.95±0.11)、(0.94±0.12)、(0.97 ±0.10) mmol/L;血糖水平分别为(7.90±3.47)、(6.20±1.55)、(5.88±1.43) mmol/L;碳酸氢根水平分别为(22.8±3.3)、(22.2±2.3)、(22.0±2.2) mmol/L.血PvO2、乳酸和血糖水平的差异有统计学意义(F值分别6.338、5.335和5.600,P值分别为0.003、0.007和0.005),血pH值、PvCO2、血钾、钠、游离钙和碳酸氢根等指标间均差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 血液灌流治疗对急性中毒患者的内环境无明显影响.     

高尿酸血症慢性肾衰的血液流变学观察

本文报告了5例(男3例,女2例,年龄>60岁)高尿酸血症所致慢性肾功能衰竭早期患者的血液、肾功能测定和血液流变学的观察结果,以此了解肾功能与血液流变学之间的相互影响。检测结果:血尿素29.63-42.48mmol/L,肌酐707.2-1060.8mmol/L,血尿酸594.8-773.2mmol/L,血色素42-80g/L.红细胞1.8-3.0×1012/L,白细胞7.2-12.0×109/L.血小板70-160×109/L;骨髓无明显变化;全血粘度8.42±0.1mpa.s,血浆粘度1.93±0.4mpa.s,纤维蛋白原0.472±0.025g与正常值相比均增高(P<0.05)。本次观察说明.血液粘度的增高与红细胞的聚集性有关。高尿酸血症慢性肾衰的…     

血清总胆固醇、总甘油、游离甘油和甘油三酯标准物质的研制

目的 研制与临床标本基质相似的血清总胆固醇(TC)、总甘油(TTG)、游离甘油(FG)和甘油三酯(TG)标准物质.方法 按国家标准物质技术规范的要求,制备4种血脂浓度的健康人新鲜混合血清,用酶法测定TC检测均匀性,用HPLC法检测稳定性并定值,评估不确定度.结果 4种血清均匀性检验数据方差分析P值分别为0.339、0.212、0.275、0.196(均＞0.05),说明均匀性良好;稳定性研究结果显示4种血清TC和TG在-20℃保存至少可稳定4年;4种血清的标准值和不确定度TC分别为(5.110±0.064)mmol/L、(4.761±0.062)mmol/L、(3.941±0.050)mmol/L和(3.158±0.041)mmol/L;TTG分别为(2.212±0.043)mmol/L、(1.679±0.033)mmol/L、(1.275±0.027)mmol/L和(1.067±0.023)mmol/L;FG分别为(0.142±0.005)mmol/L、(0.149±0.004)mmol/L、(0.146±0.003)mmol/L和(0.122±0.003)mmol/L;TG分别为(2.069±0.043)mmol/L、(1.530±0.033)mmol/L、(1.129±0.027)mmol/L和(0.945±0.023)mmol/L.结论 研制的血清总胆固醇、总甘油、游离甘油和甘油三酯标准物质均匀性和稳定性良好,定值可靠,已被国家质量监督检验检疫总局发布为国家一级标准物质(GBW 09145、GBW 09146、GBW 09147、GBW 09148).     

金纳多对脑梗死患者血液流变学及血管活性物质水平的影响

目的:探讨金纳多对脑梗死患者血液流变学及血管活性物质水平的影响。方法:选取2012年2月到2013年2月我院收治的脑梗死患者74例。根据随机数表法分为实验组和对照组,分别采用金纳多治疗和常规治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效、血浆粘度、纤维蛋白原、血浆比粘度、全血还原比粘度、血细胞比容及ET、TXB2、PGF1α、CGRP水平。结果:实验组总有效率(89.2%)与对照组(67.6%)之间有明显差异,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。疗程结束后,实验组血浆粘度为(1.82±0.21)mpa?s,纤维蛋白原为(2.98±0.59)g/L,血浆比粘度为(1.49±0.15),全血还原比粘度(7.38±1.79),血细胞比容为(0.40±0.07);对照组血浆粘度为(2.13±0.24)mpa?s,纤维蛋白原为(4.02±0.70)g/L,血浆比粘度为(1.63±0.19),全血还原比粘度(7.12±1.63),血细胞比容为(0.45±0.06)。两组患者的血液流变学指标与同组治疗前相比均有明显改善,且实验组改善情况更佳。以上差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,实验组的ET为(55.61±18.32)ng/L,TXB2为(65.21±22.03)ng/L,PGF1α为(74.81±20.93)ng/L,CGRP为(50.09±14.27)ng/L;对照组的ET为(60.01±20.33)ng/L,TXB2为(7 2.1 9±2 3.6 7)ng/L,P G F 1α为(5 6.7 6±1 9.2 1)ng/L,CG R P为(2 3.0 8±1 3.7 6)ng/L。实验组的ET、TXB2、PGF1α、CGRP,对照组的ET、TXB2与同组治疗前比较均有明显改善,且实验组改善情况更佳,以上差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:金纳多能够有效治疗脑梗死,改善患者血液流变学指标及血管活性物质水平,具有重要的临床价值。     

从学生的专业价值取向审视护理教育

通过对护理专业学生专业价值取向的调查与分析，对当前我国护理教育进行审视与思考。认为在护理教育中应加强学生专业思想教育，引导正确的专业价值取向，培育人才；倡导护理研究，提高护理专业的社会地位，留住人才；完善护理教育层次，明确培养目标定位，做到人尽其才。     

Personal values of baccalaureate nursing students in Turkey

Value education is aimed at helping students develop a mode of reasoning, enabling them to make decisions and deal with conflicts on a daily basis. For this, it should firstly be assessment personal values of nursing students. The purpose of the study was to determine the personal values of nursing students with respect to certain variables. The population of the study, which had a cross‐sectional design, included all undergraduate students (n = 525) attending the nursing school. The sample group comprised 397 nursing students selected from among the nursing students attending a baccalaureate programme in Turkey using the disproportional cluster sampling method. Data were collected utilizing the Personal Information Form and Value Preferences Scale. The personal values of the students were found to be moral, social, financial/economic, aesthetic, political, religious and scientific/theoretical values. The study suggested that the age, year at school and economic level of the family affected the students' values. Values influence behaviours that are an essential component of humanistic nursing care. They are integral to professional socialization, evident in nursing care and fundamental decisions that affect practice.     

Normal values for cardiovascular magnetic resonance in adults and children

Morphological and functional parameters such as chamber size and function, aortic diameters and distensibility, flow and T1 and T2* relaxation time can be assessed and quantified by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Knowledge of normal values for quantitative CMR is crucial to interpretation of results and to distinguish normal from disease. In this review, we present normal reference values for morphological and functional CMR parameters of the cardiovascular system based on the peer-reviewed literature and current CMR techniques and sequences.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12968-015-0111-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

深圳市成人血清载脂蛋白A1和B参考值调查

目的调查深圳市健康成人血清载脂蛋白（apo）A1、B和apoB／apoA1比值的参考值。方法以WHO国际参考血清为校准物，用免疫透射比法法测定2642例深圳市健康成人（18～86岁，男1319例，女1323例）血清apoA1和B水平，计算apoB／apoA1比值。结果各指标男女间均有显著性差异（P＜0．001），并与年龄有关。参考值（5％～95％）为：apoA1男1．42（1.15～1.68）g／L，，女1．45（1．14～1．77）g／L；apoB男0．86（0．61～1．14）g／L，女0．82（0．56～1．15）g／L；apoB／apoA1男0．61（0．42～0．84），女0．56（0．36～0．83）。结论该参考值基本能够反映深圳市健康成人血清apoA1和B的水平。     

儿童超声心动图测量指标正常参考值的建立及临床意义

目的 建立儿童超声心动图测量指标的正常参考值,分析0～16岁儿童心肌质量、心脏大小正常值随体表面积变化的规律,为儿童心脏疾病的诊治提供依据.方法 回顾性分析深圳市儿童医院800名0～16岁体检正常儿童的超声心动图,其中男488名,女312名.对所有受试儿童心脏进行如下测量:M型测量右心室内径(RVD)、室间隔舒张期厚度(IVSd)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWd)、室间隔收缩期厚度(IVSs)、左心房内径(LAD);二维法测量主动脉环部内径(ARD)、主动脉窦部内径(ASD)、右心室长径、右心室横径、右心室流出道内径(RVOT);双平面法测量左心房容积(LAV)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV),计算每搏量(SV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、心排出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)、左心室容积指数(LVEDV/体表面积);实时三平面几何法测量左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV),计算每搏量(SV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、心排出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI);测量心肌质量(LV mass),计算左心室质量容积比(LV mass/LVEDV)、心肌质量指数LV mass/体表面积和LV mass/H2.7.测量全部受试儿童的身高(H)、体重(W),计算体表面积.分析各参数与体表面积的相关性以及心肌质量指数LV mass/体表面积、LV mass/H2.7与年龄的相关性.结果 488名男童的年龄为(72.17±49.25)个月,心率为(106.52±22.71)次/min,体表面积为(0.68±0.39)m2,LV mass/体表面积为(44.51±15.23)g/m2,LVEDV为(30.51±20.12)ml,SV为(1.99±0.94)ml,CI为(2.40±0.43)L/(min·m2),LVEF为(68.83±8.93)%,LVEDV/体表面积为(34.98±14.46)ml/m2,LV mass/LVEDV为(1.29±0.30)g/ml,均大于女童的(70.78±49.43)个月、(109.45±20.97)次/min、(0.64±0.37)m2、(44.35±14.03)g/m2、(28.34±18.12)ml、(1.68±0.74)ml、(2.39±0.486)L/(min·m2)、(63.18±9.08)%、(34.89±11.53)ml/m2、(1.27±0.28)g/ml,但差异均无统计学意义(t=0.610、-0.384、0.825、0.263、1.141、1.253、-0.155、1.791、0.031、0.025,P均>0.05).M型超声心动图测量的RVD、IVSd、LVPWd、IVSs、LAD与体表面积均呈线性相关(R2=0.802、0.683、0.690、0.715、0.824,P均=0.000),且各年龄段均为RVD/LVD>1:3,IVS/LVPW<1.30,LAD/ASD为0.9～1.24;二维超声心动图测量的ARD、ASD、右心室长径、右心室横径、RVOT和双平面法测量的LAV、LVEDV、LVESV、SV、CO及实时三平面几何法测量的LVEDV、LVESV、SV、CO与体表面积均呈线性相关(R2=0.898、0.919、0.298、0.655、0.910、0.845、0.938、0.911、0.934、0.877、0.937、0.915、0.922、0.873,P均=0.000);双平面法及实时三平面几何法测得的LVEF和CI与体表面积均无相关性(R2=-0.145、-0.033、-0.080、-0.057,P均>0.05).LV mass增长与体表面积呈线性相关(R2=0.926,P=0.000);LV mass/LVEDV不随体表面积而变化(R2=-0.263,P=0.100);LV mass/体表面积不随年龄而变化(R2=-0.432,P=0.111);LV mass/H2.7与年龄具有相关性,0～1岁儿童LV mass/H2.7为(45.92±8.04)g/m2,1～3岁为(40.10±8.33) g/m2,3～6岁为(30.90±6.60) g/m2,6～9岁为(23.88±5.55) g/m2,9～16岁为(23.97±3.80)g/m2.实时三平面几何法测量的LVEDV为(28.87±20.48)ml,LVESV为(10.39±7.93)ml,SV为(18.26±12.47)ml,LVEF为(1.78±1.00)%,CO为(64.80±4.68)L/min,CI为(2.72±0.67)L/(min·m2),与双平面法测量的(29.13±20.37)ml、(10.24±7.54)ml、(18.88±13.14)ml、(1.81±1.03)%、(64.76±4.78)L/min、(2.77±0.69)L/(min·m2)比较差异均无统计学意义(t=-0.198、0.298、-0.741、-0.460、0.131、-1.254,P均 >0.05).结论 儿童超声心动图M型、二维法、双平面法及实时三平面几何法测量结果与儿童体表面积间有一定的规律,可用于儿童心脏病超声心动图诊断的正常参考值,对儿童心脏疾病的诊治具有重要意义.     

上海地区人群血清骨转换标志物参考区间的建立

Objective To establish the reference intervals of serum osteocalcin (OCN), C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen (β-CTx) and total type Ⅰ procollagen N-terminal peptide (P1NP) by electrochemiluminescence assay. Methods According to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) "CA8-A" document the appropriately healthy people, who were divided into three groups (men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women) by sex and pre- or postmenopausal status were screened. The levels of fasting serum of OCN,β-CTx, tPINP were detected by Roche Modular E170 electrochemical immunoassay. Results 393 appropriately healthy people consists of 112 men between the ages of 29 and 69 years, 148 premenopausal women between the ages of 29 and 69 years, 133 postmenopausal women between the ages of 29 and 69 years. The levels of serum OCN, β-CTx, tP1NP in men group were (15.33±4.76) μg/L, (413±189) ng/L, (42.15±17.14) μg/L, respectively. The levels of serum OCN, β-CTx, tP1NP in premenopausal women group were (12.99±4.53) μg/L, 265(30-820) ng/L, (36.43±14.23) μg/L, respectively. The levels of serum OCN, β-CTx, tP1NP in postmenopausal women group were (18.96±5.15) μg/L, (513±195) ng/L, 51.40 (8.98 -118.6)μg/L, respectively. Logarithmic transformation produced normal distributions for all markers but serum β-CTx of premenopausal women group and serum tPINP of postmenopausal women group. The 95% of the distribution intervals for serum OCN, β-CTx, tP1NP in men group was 6.00-24.66 μg/L, 43-783 ng/L, 9.06-76.24 μg/L, respectively. The 95% of the distribution intervals for serum OCN, β-CTx, tP1NP in premenopausal women group was 4.11-21.87 μg/L, 68-680 ng/L, 8.53-64.32 μg/L respectively. The 95% of the distribution intervals for serum OCN, β-CTx, tPl NP in postmenopausal women group were 8.87-29.05 βg/L, 131-900 ng/L, 21.32-112. 80 μg/L, respectively. Conclusions Compared with the reference intervals provided by manufacture, the reference intervals of three serum bone turnover markers established by our laboratory have great difference. Laboratory should pay attention to the reference intervals was cited.     

Turkish version of the revised nursing professional values scale: Validity and reliability assessment

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of a Turkish version of the Revised Nursing Professional Values Scale (NPVS‐R). Methods: The sample of this methodological study consisted of 385 participants, including senior undergraduate nursing students (n = 328) and clinical nurses (n = 57). Data was collected using the NPVS‐R. For NPVS validity, content validity and construct validity were analyzed. The content validity index (CVI) was used to determine item validity. Results: Item CVI ranged from 0.78 to 1.0, and total CVI was 0.93. Construct validity was examined using factor analysis and the five factors were identified as original NPVS‐R. Chronbach's alpha was used to assess the internal consistency reliability. The 26‐item NPVS had a standardized alpha coefficient of 0.92. Test‐retest reliability scale was r = 0.76 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our analyses showed that the Turkish version of NPVS‐R has high validity and reliability.     

Critical laboratory values in hemostasis: toward consensus

The term “critical values” can be defined to entail laboratory test results that significantly lie outside the normal (reference) range and necessitate immediate reporting to safeguard patient health, as well as those displaying a highly and clinically significant variation compared to previous data. The identification and effective communication of “highly pathological” values has engaged the minds of many clinicians, health care and laboratory professionals for decades, since these activities are vital to good laboratory practice. This is especially true in hemostasis, where a timely and efficient communication of critical values strongly impacts patient management. Due to the heterogeneity of available data, this paper is hence aimed to analyze the state of the art and provide an expert opinion about the parameters, measurement units and alert limits pertaining to critical values in hemostasis, thus providing a basic document for future consultation that assists laboratory professionals and clinicians alike.

• KEY MESSAGES

• Critical values are laboratory test results significantly lying outside the normal (reference) range and necessitating immediate reporting to safeguard patient health.

• A broad heterogeneity exists about critical values in hemostasis worldwide.

• We provide here an expert opinion about the parameters, measurement units and alert limits pertaining to critical values in hemostasis.