汉族与维吾尔族50岁以上人群血清25羟维生素D_3水平差异及其与骨质疏松症关系

目的分析新疆乌鲁木齐地区汉族与维吾尔族50岁以上人群血清25羟维生素D3水平差异,探讨其与骨质疏松症的关系。方法年龄50岁以上并完成血清骨转化指标及骨密度测定患者1 223例,汉族882例,维吾尔族341例。分析2个民族年龄、骨密度、血清25羟维生素D3及血清钙、磷水平的差异。结果汉族和维吾尔族原发性骨质疏松检出率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2个民族血清钙、磷水平在有无骨质疏松上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);骨密度正常者,维吾尔族25羟维生素D3水平(30.19±19.67)nmol/L较汉族(48.50±27.97)nmol/L低(P<0.01);骨质疏松者,维吾尔族血清25羟维生素D3水平(31.82±20.79)nmol/L较汉族(47.41±26.56)nmol/L低(P<0.01);年龄与血清25羟维生素D3水平无相关性(r=0.007,P=0.817)。结论不同民族间血清25羟维生素D3水平有差异,其差异与骨质疏松无关。     

孕妇血清25羟维生素D与妊娠期高血压的相关性研究

目的:研究孕妇血清25羟维生素D与妊娠期高血压之间的相关性。方法:采用酶联免疫分析法检测妊娠期高血压患者及正常孕妇在不同孕周的25羟维生素D水平,分析其与妊娠期高血压之间的相关性。结果:在妊娠16~21周和28~33周时,对照组25羟维生素D水平分别为(38.90±6.07)nmol/L和(49.00±12.92)nmol/L;A组为(37.80±6.63)nmol/L和(48.00±12.84)nmol/L;B组为(29.60±6.98)nmol/L和(34.80±7.76)nmol/L;C组为(23.90±3.89)nmol/L和(28.40±4.46)nmol/L。孕晚期的25羟维生素D水平较孕中期升高。A组、B组、C组在不同孕周的25羟维生素D水平为依次递减。B组、C组分别与对照组相比,孕妇血清25羟维生素D水平均显著降低,而A组与对照组相比,无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:孕妇血清25羟维生素D水平与妊娠期高血压严重程度呈负相关。孕妇25羟维生素D水平的下降早于子痫前期临床症状的出现,可协助预测子痫前期的发生。     

中国北方地区老年人冬季维生素D缺乏与骨量丢失

背景:中国北方地区老年人维生素D营养状态存在季节变化,冬春季维生素D缺乏严重。目的:分析沈阳市老年人冬季维生素D缺乏对骨量丢失的影响。方法:随机选择沈阳市60岁以上汉族健康老年人100名,于2000-03检测受试者血浆中25羟维生素D、甲状旁腺激素、钙和磷,清晨空腹2h尿中脱氧吡啶、钙、磷、肌酐,2000-03/2005-03两次检测髋部骨密度。结果与结论:基线时,血浆25羟维生素D浓度为(31.0±12.30)nmol/L,40%受试者低于25nmol/L;血浆甲状旁腺激素水平为(29.4±11.5)ng/L,血浆25羟维生素D浓度低于25nmol/L者甲状旁腺激素水平为(34.6±13.5)ng/L,血浆25羟维生素D浓度与甲状旁腺激素呈负相关(r=-0.479,P<0.0001)。5年后股骨颈骨丢失率为(3.05±4.07)%,大转子为(1.46±5.02)%,经体质量和身高变化率校正后,股骨颈骨丢失率与基线血浆25羟维生素D浓度呈负相关(r=-2.3,P=0.02),股骨颈骨丢失率基线血浆25羟维生素D浓度≤25nmol/L者高于浓度>25nmol/L者103%(F=7.2062,P=0.0085)。...     

中国北方地区老年人冬季维生素D缺乏与骨量丢失

背景：中国北方地区老年人维生素D营养状态存在季节变化,冬春季维生素D缺乏严重。目的：分析沈阳市老年人冬季维生素D缺乏对骨量丢失的影响。方法：随机选择沈阳市60岁以上汉族健康老年人100名,于2000-03检测受试者血浆中25羟维生素D、甲状旁腺激素、钙和磷,清晨空腹2h尿中脱氧吡啶、钙、磷、肌酐,2000-03/2005-03两次检测髋部骨密度。结果与结论：基线时,血浆25羟维生素D浓度为（31.0±12.30）nmol/L,40%受试者低于25nmol/L;血浆甲状旁腺激素水平为（29.4±11.5）ng/L,血浆25羟维生素D浓度低于25nmol/L者甲状旁腺激素水平为（34.6±13.5）ng/L,血浆25羟维生素D浓度与甲状旁腺激素呈负相关（r=-0.479,P〈0.0001）。5年后股骨颈骨丢失率为（3.05±4.07）%,大转子为（1.46±5.02）%,经体质量和身高变化率校正后,股骨颈骨丢失率与基线血浆25羟维生素D浓度呈负相关（r=-2.3,P=0.02）,股骨颈骨丢失率基线血浆25羟维生素D浓度≤25nmol/L者高于浓度〉25nmol/L者103%（F=7.2062,P=0.0085）。其他检测指标与骨丢失无显著相关性。说明老年人群冬季维生素D缺乏严重,维生素D缺乏促进骨量丢失,影响骨健康。     

中老年人维生素D水平对骨质疏松的影响及相关性分析

目的探讨中老年人维生素D水平对骨质疏松的影响及其相关性。方法选取2012年1月—12月行体检的中老年人80例,均行不同部位骨密度测定及维生素D水平检测。按照骨密度不同,分为骨质疏松组、骨量减少组及骨量正常组,而骨量减少组与骨量正常组又统称为非骨质疏松组。比较不同部位骨密度及维生素D表达水平,采用logistic分析探究维生素D与骨质疏松的相关性。结果本研究骨质疏松组19例,骨量减少组27例,骨量正常组34例。与骨质疏松组比较,骨量减少组、骨量正常组的腰2～腰3、股骨颈、大粗隆及Wards三角的骨密度升高,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。骨质疏松组、骨量减少组、骨量正常组25羟维生素D水平分别为(53. 13±11. 71) mmol/L、(57. 24±12. 73) mmol/L、(57. 82±13. 53) mmol/L,比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。骨质疏松组与非骨质疏松组性别、年龄、25羟维生素D及碱性磷酸酶水平比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。logistic回归分析显示,25羟维生素D及碱性磷酸酶水平、年龄与性别为骨质疏松的高危因素。结论临床可通过骨密度测定及时诊断骨质疏松,而骨密度降低与维生素D缺乏、年龄、碱性磷酸酶降低有关。     

1型糖尿病患儿血糖控制水平与骨密度及骨代谢标志物的相关性

目的探讨1型糖尿病患儿血糖控制水平与骨密度及骨代谢标志物的相关性。方法将37例1型糖尿病患儿按糖化血红蛋白检测结果分为控制良好组(糖化血红蛋白<9%,17例)和控制不良组(糖化血红蛋白≥9%,20例)。检测2组血清骨碱性磷酸酶的活性,血清胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ、全片段甲状旁腺素、25羟维生素D、钙、磷、肌酐和尿钙/尿肌酐比值、全血糖化血红蛋白的水平及骨密度。分析控制良好组全血糖化血红蛋白水平与骨密度及骨代谢标志物的相关性。结果 2组血清骨碱性磷酸酶活性,骨密度,血清胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ、25羟维生素D、钙、磷、肌酐水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。控制良好组全血糖化血红蛋白水平与血清骨碱性磷酸酶活性,骨密度,血清胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ、25羟维生素D、钙、磷、肌酐水平均无相关性(r=-0.24、-0.10、-0.16、-0.06、0.17、0.21、-0.22,均P>0.05)。结论在1型糖尿病患儿中血糖控制水平与骨密度及骨代谢标志物无相关性。 更多还原     

老年男性2型糖尿病患者甲状旁腺素、维生素D与骨密度的关系

目的 探讨老年男性2型糖尿病患者主要钙调激素甲状旁腺素(PTH)和维生素D的变化对骨密度的影响.方法 应用双能X线骨密度仪测定60例老年男性2型糖尿病患者的腰椎和髋部骨密度,检测血清中骨代谢及血糖相关的指标,并根据骨密度测定结果将60例老年男性2型糖尿病患者分为骨量减少组(32例)、骨质疏松组(12例)、正常组(16例),测定3组的血清PTH和25羟维生素D3,分析其与患者不同部位骨密度的相关性.结果 依据患者腰椎或髋部的骨密度值,骨质疏松的检出率为20.0％(12/60),骨量减少的检出率为53.3％(32/60).3组的血清PTH比较差异有统计学意义(F=3.32,P=0.043),骨量减少组、骨质疏松组与正常组相比,PTH水平明显上升[(44.87±10.62)、(50.24±20.32)μg/L与(36.96±12.36)μg/L,P均＜0.05].但25羟维生素D3浓度3组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).相关分析显示,PTH水平与髋部骨矿面密度(BMD)呈显著负相关(r=-0.224,P ＜0.05),与腰椎BMD无显著相关性(r=-0.187,P＞0.05).结论 老年男性2型糖尿病患者的髋部BMD与血清PTH浓度负相关.     

99锝-亚甲基双膦酸盐联合钙剂治疗乳腺癌术后骨质疏松症疗效观察

目的观察99锝-亚甲基双膦酸盐联合碳酸钙D3及活性维生素D3治疗乳腺癌术后骨质疏松症的疗效和安全性。方法乳腺癌术后骨质疏松症患者130例均给予99锝-亚甲基双膦酸盐+碳酸钙D3+活性维生素D3治疗,比较治疗前及治疗1a后患者骨密度值及血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、Ⅰ型胶原交联羧基末端肽、1,25-二羟维生素D3等水平变化。结果治疗后腰椎(L1-4)及左髋股骨颈、大转子及小转子骨密度均较治疗前增加(P<0.05);血清骨钙素水平较治疗前增高(P<0.05),Ⅰ型胶原交联羧基末端肽较治疗前下降(P<0.05);血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶及1,25-二羟维生素D3水平与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 99锝-亚甲基双膦酸盐联合碳酸钙D3及活性维生素D3治疗乳腺癌术后骨质疏松症疗效满意。     

2型糖尿病患者血25羟维生素D的改变及其对糖代谢与骨密度的影响

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者血25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]的改变及其对糖代谢与骨密度的影响.方法 选择我院住院的2型糖尿病患者258例,以25(OH)D为50 nmol/L为临界值进行分组,分为维生素D缺乏组[25 (OH)D＜50 nmol/L] 192例及维生素D相对不足组[25 (OH)D为50 ～ 70nmol/L]66例.双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)测量患者腰椎L2～L4及股骨颈骨密度,取腰椎Total值、股骨颈Neck和Total值为判定指标,采用稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗(HOMA-IR)程度,收集分析患者糖代谢与骨代谢相关指标数据并进行统计分析.结果 258例2型糖尿病患者中骨质疏松57例,占22.1％.其中维生素D缺乏组与维生素D相对不足组的糖尿病病程、空腹胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数差异均有统计学意义[(7.98±1.09)、(3.77±1.21)年,(6.42±1.30)、(5.79±1.08) mU/L、(2.35±0.54)、(1.85±0.41),t值分别为4.849、3.871、2.705,P均＜0.05],而空腹血糖与糖化血红蛋白差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05),维生素D缺乏组与维生素D相对不足组的甲状旁腺激素、腰椎Total值、股骨颈Neck值、股骨颈Total值差异均有统计学意义[(36.51±7.59)、(32.02±6.89) ng/L,(0.87±0.14)、(0.99±0.12) g/cm2,(0.70±0.10)、(0.79±0.11)g/cm2,(0.84±0.14)、(0.97±0.15) g/cm2,t值分别为2.008、2.799、2.564、2.340,P均＜0.05].结论 2型糖尿病患者中普遍存在维生素D缺乏,维生素D的水平将影响糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗和血糖控制及骨密度水平,导致骨质疏松发病率明显增加.因此,对糖尿病患者应进行常规维生素D检测,并对维生素D缺乏的患者及时给予维生素D补充治疗.     

子痫前期患者血清25-羟维生素D水平检测的临床意义

目的 探讨子痫前期患者血清25-羟维生素D[25-（OH）D]水平检测的临床意义.方法 采用ELISA法及离子选择电极法测定200例妊娠期高血压疾病（妊娠高血压41例、子痫前期轻度30例、子痫前期重度131例）及300例正常晚期妊娠妇女血清25-（OH）D及钙的水平.结果 正常晚期妊娠组血清钙水平（2.46±0.11）mmol/L,25-（OH）D水平（51.37±13.19）nmol/L,均明显高于妊娠期高血压疾病组（P＜0.05）,妊娠期高血压疾病组血清钙水平（2.16±0.12）mmol/L,25-（OH）D水平（40.46±11.89）nmol/L;轻度子痫前期组血清钙水平（2.12±0.12）mmol/L,25-（OH）D水平（37.92±8.55）nmol/L,均明显高于重度子痫前期组（P＜0.05）,重度子痫前期组血清钙水平（1.89±0.14）mmol/L,25-（OH）D水平（28.05±10.4）nmol/L;晚发型重度子痫前期血清钙水平（1.86±0.13）mmol/L,25-（OH）D水平（27.12±9.1）nmol/L,均明显高于早发型（P＜0.05）,早发型血清钙水平（1.65±0.16）mmol/L,25-（OH）D水平（20.36±6.54）nmol/L;妊娠期高血压组与子痫前期轻度组血清钙及25-（OH）D水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 低水平血清25-（OH）D可能与子痫前期的发生、发展有关.     

Measurement of L-carnitine and acylcarnitines in body fluids and tissues in children and in adults

We have developed a reliable and validated radio-enzymatic method for the assay of L-carnitine and acylcarnitines, using a modification of existing methods. The sensitivity of the assay is 10 mumol/l using 10 microliters of plasma or urine. It is also suitable for measurements of carnitine in a 10 mg sample of liver or muscle obtained by percutaneous biopsy. The use of N-ethylmaleimide in the reaction mixture together with an excess of [1-14C]acetyl CoA ensures that the reaction proceeds to completion and a linear response is obtained. Using this method control ranges have been established for plasma and urine carnitine concentrations in healthy children and adults, and for the carnitine content of liver and muscle in adults. No significant difference was found between fasting and post-prandial plasma carnitine levels. An age-related increase was found in urinary total carnitine and acylcarnitine concentration throughout childhood. These data provide a reliable basis for studies of patients with abnormal carnitine and acylcarnitine metabolism, distribution and excretion.     

Rosamicin in Urethral and Vaginal Secretions and Tissues in Dogs and Rats

In animal studies we investigated the distribution of rosamicin in plasma and urethral and vaginal tissues in rats as well as in urethral and vaginal secretions in dogs. We found concentration ratios between urethral secretion and plasma of 1.9 and between vaginal secretion and plasma of 2.4. The rosamicin concentrations in urethral and vaginal tissue significantly exceeded the levels of all other tissues investigated. Because rosamicin could be valuable for the treatment of bacterial urethritis and the colonization of the vaginal introitus with fecal bacteria in women, it should be investigated clinically in this respect.     

Variations in atherosclerosis and remodeling patterns in aorta and carotids

Background

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease that causes vascular remodeling that can be positive or negative. The evolution of arterial wall thickening and changes in lumen size under current "standard of care" in different arterial beds is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine arterial remodeling and progression/regression of atherosclerosis in aorta and carotid arteries of individuals at risk for atherosclerosis normalized over a 1-year period.

Methods

In this study, 28 patients underwent at least 2 black-blood in vivo cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) scans of aorta and carotids over a one-year period (Mean 17.8 ± 7.5 months). Clinical risk profiles for atherosclerosis and medications were documented and patients were followed by their referring physicians under current "standard of care" guidelines. Carotid and aortic wall lumen areas were matched across the time-points from cross-sectional images.

Results

The wall area increased by 8.67%, 10.64%, and 13.24% per year (carotid artery, thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta respectively, p < 0.001). The lumen area of the abdominal aorta increased by 4.97% per year (p = 0.002), but the carotid artery and thoracic aorta lumen areas did not change significantly. The use of statin therapy did not change the rate of increase of wall area of carotid artery, thoracic and abdominal aorta, but decreased the rate of change of lumen area of carotid artery (-3.08 ± 11.34 vs. 0.19 ± 12.91 p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Results of this study of multiple vascular beds indicated that different vascular locations exhibited varying progression of atherosclerosis and remodeling as monitored by CMR.     

Issues and challenges in nursing and nursing education in Japan

In this editorial we discuss the challenges and issues in nursing and nurse education in Japan. These include a rapid growth in the number of universities offering nursing programs without sufficient time for preparation of faculty; issues in the traditional ways of teaching in classrooms; the appearance of nursing shortages in a country with the highest rate of longevity in the world; and the position of nursing faculty in a society that is largely male dominated.     

Similarities and differences in clients treated and in medications prescribed by APRNs and psychiatrists in a CMHC

This study is part of a larger study comparing prescribing practices of psychiatrists and advanced practice psychiatric nurses (APRNs) using the following three groups of patients: patients treated by psychiatrists, those treated by APRNs, and those treated by both APRNs and psychiatrists at different times in 1 year. Demographics for 5507 patients were examined. A subsample of APRNs and psychiatrists prescribed similar total numbers of medications. Psychiatrists prescribed more types of antidepressant medications other than the SSRI antidepressants, and they prescribed more than twice the number of benzodiazepines. APRNs prescribed more SSRIs and spent more time with clients during medication visits.