姜黄素对大鼠睾丸缺血再灌注损伤后的保护作用及核因子E2相关因子2表达的影响

目的 ：探究姜黄素对大鼠睾丸缺血再灌注损伤后的保护作用及核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)表达的影响。方法 ：32只4周龄健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、生理盐水组、姜黄素单次给药组（术中灌注姜黄素）、姜黄素连续给药组（术中及术后7 d灌注姜黄素）,每组8只。建立左侧睾丸扭转复位动物模型,于缺血再灌注损伤后1周用彩色多普勒超声观察睾丸损伤情况;术后6周处死大鼠,取左侧睾丸,测量精子活动率及精子计数;睾丸组织切片H-E染色观察睾丸组织病理改变;qRT-PCR检测各组大鼠睾丸Nrf2表达的差异。结果 ：姜黄素给药组能明显提高大鼠睾丸缺血再灌注损伤后精子活动率、精子计数水平,且能显著改善睾丸组织损害程度。姜黄素给药组睾丸Nrf2的表达水平明显高于缺血再灌注损伤组。结论 ：姜黄素能够上调缺血再灌注损伤后睾丸Nrf2的表达,有效减轻睾丸缺血再灌注损伤,从而对青春前期大鼠单侧睾丸扭转起到明显的远期保护作用,且连续给药优于单次给药。     

腹腔注射丹参注射液和血栓通注射液对大鼠睾丸扭转复位后caspase-3蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨腹腔注射丹参注射液和血栓通注射液对大鼠睾丸扭转复位后caspase-3蛋白表达的影响。方法:健康SD雄性大鼠,随机分为假手术组、生理盐水组、单次给药组和连续给药组。建立单侧睾丸扭转复位动物模型。术后6周取双侧睾丸切片行H-E染色;caspase-3蛋白免疫组织化学观察,免疫反应评分(IRS)进行半定量分析。结果:生理盐水组较假手术组caspase-3蛋白IRS明显增高,单次给药组和连续给药组caspase-3蛋白IRS较生理盐水组明显降低,连续给药组caspase-3蛋白IRS较单次给药组明显降低。结论:丹参注射液和血栓通注射液可能通过降低caspase-3蛋白的表达,减轻细胞凋亡,对睾丸缺血再灌注损伤具有明显的保护作用。     

灯盏花素对糖尿病大鼠肝、肾组织氧化应激的影响

目的：探讨灯盏花素对糖尿病大鼠肝、肾组织氧化应激的影响。方法： 建立STZ诱导的糖尿病模型，随机分3组：正常对照组、模型组、灯盏花素给药组。8周后应用HE、油红O染色对肝组织、PAS染色对肾组织作病理检查。分光光度法检测肝、肾组织丙二醛(MDA)含量及抗氧化物酶活性。结果： HE染色显示模型组部分肝细胞脂肪变性，评分为1.54±0.65，灯盏花素给药组评分为0.55±0.43，差异高度显著(P<0.01)。油红O染色模型组肝组织评分为2.11±0.82，灯盏花素给药组为0.75±0.66，差异高度显著(P<0.01)。模型组大鼠肾重、肾重/体重、24 h尿白蛋白排泄率(AER)与肾小球面积(AG)、肾小球容量(VG) 及系膜区面积(AM)均明显增加，灯盏花素给药组这些改变减轻。灯盏花素给药组肝、肾组织MDA含量明显低于模型组(P<0.05，P<0.01)。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性明显高于模型组(P<0.05，P<0.01)。结论： 灯盏花素对糖尿病大鼠肝、肾组织有明显保护作用，其机制部分可能与抑制肝、肾组织氧化应激增加有关。     

厄多司坦对大鼠单侧睾丸扭转后双侧睾丸生精功能的保护作用

目的探讨厄多司坦对大鼠睾丸扭转/复位模型的保护作用。方法成年雄性大鼠32只,体重(200±20)g,随机分为4组,每组8只,分别为:假手术组,扭转复位组,扭转复位+生理盐水组,扭转复位+厄多司坦组。按Turner法建立睾丸扭转模型,扭转复位术后24h切取双侧睾丸分别留取组织匀浆和石蜡切片的标本待检测。TUNEL法测定凋亡细胞,化学比色法测定SOD及MDA含量。结果与扭转复位组相比,厄多司坦组生精细胞凋亡明显减少,超氧化物歧化酶活性上升,丙二醛含量下降,其差异有显著性。结论厄多司坦对大鼠单侧睾丸扭转后双侧睾丸生精功能具有保护作用     

灯盏花素干预糖尿病模型大鼠睾丸组织增殖细胞核抗原和c-fos的表达

背景：有研究表明灯盏花素可影响2型糖尿病大鼠的生殖能力,但其作用机制少有报道。 目的：探讨灯盏花素对2型糖尿病大鼠睾丸增殖细胞核抗原和原癌基因c-fos表达的影响作用。 方法：选取36只健康雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和灯盏花素组各12只。模型组和灯盏花素组采用链脲佐菌素连续腹腔注射建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,大鼠血糖监测达到16.7 mmol/L作为建模标准,对照组大鼠予以同等容积的柠檬酸缓冲液单次腹腔注射。灯盏花素组采用灯盏花素注射液10 mg/(kg•d)连续4周腹腔注射,其他2组在相同时间注入等量生理盐水。 结果与结论：干预4周后,血清睾酮检测、免疫组织化学染色和PCR检测结果显示,血清睾酮水平、增殖细胞核抗原、c-Fos蛋白及mRNA表达：对照组>灯盏花素组>模型组(P < 0.05);血糖水平：对照组<灯盏花素组<模型组(P < 0.05)。结果证实,灯盏花素可以通过增强增殖细胞核抗原和c-fos的表达,保护2型糖尿病大鼠的生殖功能。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程全文链接：     

不同处理方式对单侧睾丸扭转损伤大鼠对侧睾丸形态功能的影响

目的:研究单侧睾丸扭转后对侧睾丸的形态学和生物化学改变,探讨不同处理方式对健侧睾丸形态功能的影响.方法:SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、扭转复位组和扭转切除组,依Turner法建立左侧睾丸扭转模型,24 h后采集对侧睾丸标本进行H-E染色、TUNEI染色和caspase-3活性测定;6、12h和24 h后收集对侧睾丸,进行细胞因子和丙二醛检测.结果:扭转复位组对侧睾丸细胞凋亡数量与切除组相比显著增多,丙二醛含量增加,caspase-3活性增强,炎症因子含量增加.结论:睾丸扭转后及时手术切除损伤睾丸能够有效保护健侧睾丸的发育和功能.     

巴戟天对微波损伤的雄鼠睾丸生精功能的影响

目的探讨微波辐射对雄鼠的生精功能的影响及巴戟天对损伤后雄鼠的生精功能的修复作用。方法 24只SD大鼠随机均分为空白组、辐射组和给药组。用对讲机微波辐照辐射组和给药组;给药组在辐射后巴戟天灌胃。三组均在相同条件下饲养。1周后观察各组雄鼠的睾丸指数、精子活性及精子密度等指标的变化。结果辐射组相对空白组睾丸指数、精子活性以及精子密度降低(P0.05),附睾指数变化没有统计学意义(P0.05);给药组相对辐射组附睾指数、睾丸指数、精子活性、精子活动率均增高(P0.05);而给药组相对空白组睾丸指数、精子活性以及精子密度增高(P0.05),附睾指数变化没有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论巴戟天对微波损伤的雄鼠睾丸生精功能有修复作用。     

血必净通过激活PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路减轻大鼠睾丸缺血再灌注损伤

目的:探究血必净对缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤大鼠睾丸的保护作用及其相关机制。方法:45只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、血必净低剂量组、血必净高剂量组和地塞米松组(均n=9);除对照组大鼠外,其它各组大鼠构建睾丸扭转复位模型,术后低、高剂量组及地塞米松组大鼠分别腹腔注射0.5和2 mL·kg^-1·d^-1血必净及0.5 mL·kg^-1·d^-1地塞米松。用药第3、7和14天取各组大鼠左侧睾丸,采用HE染色观察各组大鼠睾丸组织病理学改变;生化检测各组大鼠睾丸组织中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、内皮素1(ET-1)和一氧化氮(NO)水平,Western blot检测各组大鼠睾丸组织中细胞周期相关蛋白、细胞凋亡相关蛋白以及PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路相关蛋白的水平。结果:血必净可显著减轻I/R大鼠睾丸损伤,显著升高I/R大鼠睾丸组织中SOD活性,降低MDA、ET-1和NO的含量,抑制I/R损伤组织中的氧化应激,介导细胞周期和细胞凋亡相关因子的表达,并显著升高I/R大鼠睾丸中p-PI3K、p-AKT、p-mTOR和p-S6K的蛋白水平,其作用效果具有时间依赖性和剂量依赖性。结论:血必净通过介导细胞周期和细胞凋亡相关蛋白的表达,抑制氧化应激反应,激活PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路来减轻大鼠睾丸I/R损伤,且其作用效果呈剂量依赖性和时间依赖性。     

灯盏花素联合缬沙坦治疗2型糖尿病大鼠的疗效观察

目的:研究灯盏花素联合缬沙坦治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠的疗效。方法:建立T2DM大鼠模型,给予灯盏花素联合缬沙坦治疗12 w,测定大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)、血脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的水平;测定胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)、肾脏肥大指数(KW/BW)和肾皮质钠钾-ATP酶活性。结果:①与正常对照组比较,T2DM模型组大鼠FBG、TG、TC、MDA和KW/BW显著升高,SODI、SI和肾皮质钠钾-ATP酶活性显著降低(P0.01 or P0.05);②与T2DM模型组比较,治疗组大鼠FBG、TG、TC、MDA和KW/BW显著降低,SODI、SI和肾皮质钠钾-ATP酶活性显著升高(P0.01)。结论:灯盏花素联合缬沙坦对T2DM大鼠肾脏功能具有明显保护作用,其机制可能与降低糖尿病大鼠血糖血脂,提高机体抗氧化能力和改善肾脏局部血循环有关。     

细胞色素C和波形蛋白在染锰大鼠睾丸表达及对精子发生的抑制作用

目的研究氯化锰对大鼠生精细胞细胞色素C(cyto-c)和支持细胞波形蛋白(VM)表达的影响及对生精功能的抑制效应。方法雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组,低剂量(15 mg/kg Mn Cl2)和高剂量(30 mg/kg Mn Cl2)组,8只/组。Mn Cl2组分别染锰4周和6周,空白对照组给予等容生理盐水,给药途径均为腹腔注射,取睾丸免疫组织化学(SABC)法检测生精细胞cyto-c和VM表达,测定睾丸脏器系数,取附睾检测精子数量和精子畸形率。结果与空白对照组比较,各染锰组生精细胞cyto-c阳性细胞率和支持细胞VM阳性细胞率及各生精功能指标均显著降低,并呈一定的时间-效应关系和剂量-效应关系。各组大鼠精子数量与cyto-c阳性细胞率和VM阳性细胞率均呈正相关。结论锰可诱导大鼠生精细胞cyto-c和支持细胞VM表达,抑制生精细胞增殖,产生生殖毒性效应。     

Involvement of calpain for apoptosis in dysfunction of the unaffected testis in rats with experimental testicular torsion

PROBLEM: The dynamics of calpain and involvement of apoptosis in sperm formation disorder of the unaffected testis in rats with experimental testicular torsion were investigated. METHODS OF STUDY: Using 6-week-old Wistar rats, an experimental unilateral testicular torsion model was prepared. The bilateral testes were excised 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 35, and 70 days after the left testis was twisted, and the unaffected testes were subjected to immunohistological staining, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting using anti-calpain antibodies. Apoptosis was detected by the TdT-mediated dUTP biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method. RESULTS: By immunohistological staining, positive immunostaining by anti-pro mu-calpain antibody was observed in the spermatocyte nucleus, but not with anti-pro m-calpain antibody. The staining was increased until 7 days after testicular torsion, then decreased with progression of sperm formation disorder. By Western blotting, the intensity of staining with anti-pro mu-calpain antibody was increased until 7 days after torsion of the testis. Apoptosis expression in the unaffected testis was significantly inhibited by addition of a calpain inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: It was suggested that mu-calpain may be involved in apoptosis expression in sperm formation disorder of the unaffected testis in unilateral testicular torsion.     

Selenium provides protection to the liver but not the reproductive organs in an atrazine-model of experimental toxicity

The present study evaluated the possible protective effects of selenium against atrazine-induced toxicity in the liver and reproductive system of rats. Atrazine administered to rats orally at a dose of 120 mg/kg caused an inhibition in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase and an increase in malondialdehyde formation in the liver, testis and epididymis. Superoxide dismutase decreased in the liver and testis but was increased in the epididymis. Furthermore, hepatic glutathione and lactate dehydrogenase activity increased while epididymal catalase, ascorbate content, hepatic aspartate aminotransferase and glutathione peroxidase activities in all the tissues decreased in the atrazine-treated animals. Hepatic, testicular and epididymal alanine aminotransferase activities were not affected by atrazine (p>0.05). Decreased epididymal and testicular sperm number, sperm motility, daily sperm production and increased number of dead and abnormal sperm were observed in atrazine-treated rats.Treatment of rats orally with selenium at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg did not prevent atrazine-induced changes in sperm characteristics and had no protective effects against atrazine-induced biochemical alterations in the testis and epididymis except testicular lactate dehydrogenase. Catalase activity and ascorbate contents were unchanged in these groups of animals. However, selenium effectively protected against atrazine-induced changes in biochemical indices in the liver. In rats treated with selenium alone, glutathione peroxidase in all the tissues, hepatic glutathione and superoxide dismutase, testicular lactate dehydrogenase activity and ascorbate content increased, while hepatic catalase activities decreased (p<0.05).Our data suggest that selenium effectively attenuated the toxic effects of atrazine-induced liver changes but not in the reproductive organs and sperms of rats. Selenium might therefore be useful in ameliorating oxidative stress in the liver.     

胺碘酮对大鼠睾丸形态和功能的影响及其作用机制*

目的：探讨胺碘酮对大鼠睾丸质量、形态、酶活性及精子活力的影响。方法：健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为 对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组,连续灌胃方式给予胺碘酮4 周。处死大鼠后,分离大鼠双侧睾丸,并称重;光学 显微镜观察精子活力,H-E 染色观察睾丸形态;采用乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）、一氧化氮合酶（NOS） 及一氧化氮（NO）检测试剂盒分别测定LDH、SDH和NOS活性及NO含量。结果：高剂量组大鼠出现精神萎靡、 毛发灰暗、活动减少现象,攻击性行为增强。高剂量组大鼠睾丸部分曲细精管外壁出现褶皱,生精上皮细胞排列 不规则。睾丸质量、睾丸组织LDH活性和SDH活性方面,低剂量组、高剂量组与对照组差异无统计学意义;睾 丸组织NOS活性、NO含量和精子活力方面,低剂量组与对照组差异无统计学意义,但高剂量组与对照组差异有 统计学意义。结论：高剂量胺碘酮导致成年雄性大鼠睾丸形态改变,睾丸NOS活性增高,NO含量增加,精子活 力下降,表明高剂量胺碘酮可能对雄性睾丸有一定影响,从而影响雄性生殖功能。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Biebersteinia multifida</Emphasis> DC a potential savior against testicular torsion-induced reperfusion injury

The study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of the methanolic extract of Biebersteinia multifida DC on ischemia–reperfusion injury induced by testicular torsion/detorsion in rats. Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Sham operation group, torsion/detorsion group plus saline, and torsion/detorsion groups plus 75 and 150 mg/kg doses of DC extract (administered intraperitoneally 15 min before detorsion). Testicular ischemia was induced via keeping the left testis under 720° counterclockwise torsion for 2 h; afterwards, detorsion was performed. All rats were sacrificed 4 h after detorsion and bilateral testes were removed for histological examinations. The testes in sham operation group had normal structure. Contralateral testicular tissue had mild injury in torsion/detorsion (T/D) group, while it was approximately normal in DC-treated group. In the T/D group, most of the testes demonstrated severe lesions in ipsilateral testes. In contrast, ipsilateral twisted testicular tissue in DC-treated group showed mild to moderate injuries. Similar histopathological results were obtained in both utilized therapeutic doses of DC (75 and 150 mg/kg). B. multifida is a rich source of phenolic antioxidant components that can be potentially used as a free radical scavenger in testicular damages caused by reperfusion injury, although more detailed studies are warranted.     

Protective effect of sildenafil citrate on contralateral testis injury after unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion

OBJECTIVES:

This study was designed to investigate prevention of contralateral testicular injury with sildenafil citrate after unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion.

METHODS:

Thirty‐seven adult male rats were divided into four groups: sham operated (group 1, n  =  7), torsion/detorsion + saline (group 2, n  =  10), torsion/detorsion + 0.7 mg of sildenafil citrate (group 3, n  =  10) and torsion/detorsion + 1.4 mg of sildenafil citrate (group 4, n  =  10). Unilateral testicular torsion was created by rotating the right testis 720° in a clockwise direction for 2 h in other groups, except for group 1, which was served as sham group. After torsion (2 h) and detorsion (2 h) periods, rats were killed.

RESULTS:

The level of reduced glutathion (GSH) (p<0.05) and the activities of catalase (p<0.01) and glutathione peroxidase (p<0.05) in the contralateral testis from group 2 were significantly lower and nitric oxide (NO) (p<0.05) level in the contralateral testis were significantly higher than those of group 1. Administration of low‐dose sildenafil citrate (group 3) prevented the increases in malondialdehyde and NO levels and decreases in glutathione peroxidase activities and GSH values induced by testicular torsion. However, administration of high‐dose sildenafil citrate (group 4) had no effect on these testicular parameters (p>0.05). Histopathological changes were detected in groups 2, 3 and 4.

CONCLUSION:

These results suggest that biochemically and histologically torsion/detorsion injury occurs in the contralateral testis following 2‐h torsion and 2‐h detorsion and that administration of low‐dose sildenafil citrate before detorsion prevents ischemia/reperfusion cellular damage in testicular tissue.     

低剂量棉酚与激素联合应用的抗生育作用位点的研究

目的 探讨低剂量棉酚与激素联合应用在8周内使大鼠达到不育效果的作用位点.方法 本实验采用大鼠喂服棉酚12.5mg/(kg·d) 去氧孕烯125μg/(kg·d) 炔雌醇25μg/(kg·d) 十一酸睾丸酮100mg/(kg·d)的联合用药方式,与单独喂服相同剂量的棉酚或激素的大鼠及喂服载体溶剂的大鼠相对照,通过一系列形态学观察和半定量检测,探讨联合用药的具体作用环节.结果 无论在睾丸组织形态还是睾丸精子数量,联合用药组的变化趋势都与单独应用激素组的相似,而不同于单独应用棉酚组和对照组.而在附睾中,3个用药组在精子活力和精子形态方面,都与对照组有显著差异.结论 联合用药组中激素主要使睾丸精子数量迅速下降;而在精子数量大大下降的基础上,棉酚和激素又对已成熟精子的结构和运动能力进一步破坏,从而使雄性大鼠受精能力迅速下降,联合用药组比单独应用其中一种成分更快、更有效地达到使大鼠不育的目的.