药物干预酒精所致精神病性障碍的疗效及安全性

目的 探讨酒精所致精神病性障碍药物干预的疗性及安全性。方法 选择2018年2月~2019年1月在我院住院的符合ICD-10诊断标准中酒精所致精神性障碍的患者105例,随机分为帕利哌酮组、喹硫平组及对照组,各35例。三组患者入组后均停饮白酒,予奥沙西泮治疗1周,之后帕利哌酮组给予帕利哌酮,喹硫平组采用喹硫平治疗,对照组不服药。入组前及入组后2、4、8周采用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定患者症状改善情况,采用副反应量表（TESS）评定药物不良反应。结果 共99例患者完成随访评估,其中帕利哌酮组完成34例,喹硫平组完成32例,对照组完成33例;入组第2周时,三组PANSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;第4周时,对照组评分高于帕利哌酮组和喹硫平组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;第8周三组PANSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗期间,三组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 酒精所致精神病性障碍治疗,虽然给予抗精神病药与单纯戒断酒精最终结局可能一致,但服用抗精神病药可加快患者症状改善,且不增加不良反应。     

硫酸镁辅助奥曲肽治疗急性胰腺炎的疗效观察及安全性分析

目的:研究硫酸镁辅助奥曲肽治疗急性胰腺炎的临床效果及安全性.方法:选取我院2020年11月至2021年11月收治的急性胰腺炎患者78例作为研究对象,根据抽签法分为对照组与观察组,各39例,除常规治疗外,对照组应用奥曲肽进行治疗,观察组应用硫酸镁辅助奥曲肽进行治疗.比较两组症状缓解时间,治疗2w后对比治疗效果及治疗前后炎症因子水平的变化,记录期间不良反应发生情况.结果:观察组患者的治疗有效率为87.18％显著高于对照组的66.67％(P<0.05),观察组腹痛消失时间、腹胀消失时间、住院时间均显著短于对照组(P<0.01),治疗后观察组患者肿瘤坏死因子-α、白介素-6及C反应蛋白等水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),并发症发生率两组比较无明显差异(P>0.05).结论:硫酸镁辅助奥曲肽治疗急性胰腺炎能明显缓解临床症状,降低炎性反应,提高整体临床疗效,且药物安全性较高.     

生长抑素联合泮托拉唑治疗急性上消化道出血及对患者血清超敏C反应蛋白的影响

目的 探讨生长抑素联合泮托拉唑治疗急性上消化道出血的疗效及对患者血清超敏C反应蛋白的影响.方法 选取72例上消化道出血患者,将其随机分为对照组36例,观察组36例.对照组患者接受单纯生长抑素治疗,观察组患者在对照组患者治疗方案基础上联合泮托拉唑治疗.结果 对照组总有效率为72.22%,观察组总有效率有91.67%;两组总有效率对比观察组明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).对比两组患者住院时间和止血时间,观察组明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).治疗后,对比两组患者皮质醇、血清超敏C反应蛋白质水平,观察组患者明显低于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 生长抑素联合泮托拉唑治疗急性上消化道出血临床疗效显著,能有效降低患者的血清超敏C反应蛋白水平.     

泮托拉唑在急性重度有机磷农药中毒治疗中的作用分析

目的分析观察泮托拉唑(Pantoprazole)在急性重度有机磷农药中毒治疗中的作用及临床应用价值。方法对临床64例急性重度有机磷农药中毒的患者,随机分为治疗组及对照组,每组32例。对照组给予长托宁、氯解磷定等常规药物治疗,治疗组在对照组用药基础上加用泮托拉唑,比较两组在治疗过程中上消化道出血的发病率。结果治疗组32例,发生上消化道出血9例;对照组32例,发生上消化道出血24例.两组均无死亡病例。治疗组的效果明显,疗效确切,比较对照组,差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论急性重度有机磷农药中毒治疗中加用泮托拉唑,可以有效防止出现上消化道出血,且效果确切,临床应用价值高。     

奥曲肽治疗急性胰腺炎48例临床疗效分析

目的：探讨奥曲肽治疗急性胰腺炎的临床效果。方法选取我院收治的48例急性胰腺炎患者作为研究对象,随机分成两组,观察组和对照组,每组各24例,两组患者均给予急性胰腺炎常规治疗,观察组在此基础上给予奥曲肽治疗,对比观察两组患者的治疗效果。结果观察组患者治疗总有效率为91.6%,明显高于对照组的70.8%,两组治疗效果比较差异具有统计学意义(<0.05);观察组平均治愈时间(4.2±0.5)d显著短于对照组平均治愈时间(8.5±0.4)d,差异具有统计学意义(<0.05)。两组患者均未出现严重不良反应。结论奥曲肽治疗急性胰腺炎具有显著临床效果,相比常规治疗效果更明显,且不良反应较小,值得临床推广应用。     

穴位埋线配合文拉法辛治疗难治性抑郁症的对照研究

目的观察穴位埋线配合文拉法辛治疗难治性抑郁症的临床疗效。方法将80例抑郁症患者随机分成观察组(穴位埋线+药物)和对照组(药物),共观察6周,于治疗前、治疗后1,2,4,6周末采用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD),副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及毒副反应。结果观察组与对照组治愈率比较,差异有显著性意义(χ2=5.05,P<0.05),两组HAMD评分,不良反应(TESS)评分比较,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论埋线配合文拉法辛治疗难治性抑郁症是一种安全有效的方法,值得在临床上推广应用。     

舍曲林合并奎硫平治疗躯体形式障碍的临床对照研究

目的观察舍曲林合并奎硫平治疗躯体形式障碍的临床疗效。方法将符合CCMD-3诊断标准的60例躯体形式障碍患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例,治疗组给予舍曲林合并奎硫平,对照组单用舍曲林治疗。应用汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应,疗程6周。结果在治疗2、4、6周末,治疗组疗效优于对照组(χ2=11.67,P0.05)。两组患者副反应发生率无显著性差异(χ2=1.24,P0.05)。结论舍曲林合并小剂量奎硫平治疗躯体形式障碍起效快,疗效好且不增加药物副反应。     

美托洛尔联合单硝酸异山梨酯治疗冠心病介入术后心绞痛患者的临床疗效及安全性分析

目的:分析美托洛尔联合单硝酸异山梨酯治疗冠心病介入术后心绞痛患者的临床疗效及安全性.方法:选取2020年6月至2022年7月于行冠心病介入术后心绞痛患者77例纳入研究,按照不同治疗方法将患者分为对照组[异乐定(单硝酸异山梨酯)等常规治疗,n=34]和观察组(对照组基础上联合美托洛尔治疗,n=43),对比两组治疗后临床疗效、心功能、症状情况及不良反应.结果:观察组疗效更明显,其总有效率高于对照组(χ2=12.909,P<0.001).治疗后,两组LVEDD及LVESD均下降,LVEF均升高,且观察组LVEDD及LVESD低于对照组,LVEF高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组患者心绞痛发作次数、发作时长均短于对照组,间隔发作时间长于对照组(P<0.05).两组不良反应比较无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论:针对冠心病介入术后心绞痛患者应用美托洛尔联合单硝酸异山梨酯治疗临床疗效更佳,更有利于改善患者心功能及临床症状,且具有一定安全性,值得临床推广应用.     

养心氏片辅助治疗对冠心病合并心衰患者的作用观察

目的:探讨养心氏片辅助治疗对冠心病合并心衰患者的作用观察.方法:选取2021年1月至2022年1月我院收入冠心病合并心衰患者88例,随机分为观察组及对照组各44例,对照组给予常规治疗,观察组给予常规治疗基础上养心氏片辅助治疗,两组均治疗2 m后,比较两组患者临床疗效差异.结果:观察组临床疗效高于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后血清肿瘤坏死因子-α、脑钠肽、均低于同组治疗前,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者治疗后左心室射血分数均高于同组治疗前,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);结论:冠心病合并CHF患者应用养心氏片辅助治疗可有助于减轻动脉炎症反应及心脏负荷,为临床治疗提供一定参考.     

不同剂量调强放疗联合同步化疗对局部晚期肺癌患者生存期和毒副反应的影响

目的:探讨不同剂量调强放疗联合同步化疗对局部晚期肺癌患者生存期和毒副反应的影响。方法:选取96例确诊为局部晚期肺癌患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组（n=48）和观察组（n=48）。对照组采用62 Gy调强放疗联合PC同步化疗,观察组调整放疗剂量为50 Gy。记录患者临床一般资料。K-M分析绘制生存曲线,Log Rank [χ2]检验比较生存率,记录两组患者治疗1个月后毒副反应发生情况。结果:观察组和对照组患者缓解率无显著差异（75.00% vs79.17%, P>0.05）;观察组患者总生存率和无进展生存率均高于对照组（P<0.05）,中位生存时间显著长于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组骨髓抑制和放射性肺炎等放疗毒副反应发生率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论:通过降低调强放疗剂量能够减轻患者毒副反应,提高患者生存期,联合同步化疗能够发挥良好的临床缓解效应。     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

Environmental risk factors and their role in the management of atopic dermatitis

Introduction: The etiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial with interaction between genetics, immune and environmental factors.

Areas covered: We review the role of prenatal exposures, irritants and pruritogens, pathogens, climate factors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, outdoor and indoor air pollutants, tobacco smoke exposure, water hardness, urban vs. rural living, diet, breastfeeding, probiotics and prebiotics on AD.

Expert commentary: The increased global prevalence of AD cannot be attributed to genetics alone, suggesting that evolving environmental exposures may trigger and/or flare disease in predisposed individuals. There is a complex interplay between different environmental factors, including individual use of personal care products and exposure to climate, pollution, food and other exogenous factors. Understanding these complex risk factors is crucial to developing targeted interventions to prevent the disease in millions. Moreover, patients require counseling on optimal regimens for minimization of exposure to irritants and pruritogens and other harmful exposures.     

Class II HLA in Georgia Caucasus Tbilisi Georgians and their Mediterranean ancestry: The Usko Mediterranean languages

Georgia (or Sakartvelo in its own language) is a South Caucasus Mts. country with its easternmost part is enigmatically named Iberia, like the Iberian Peninsula, which may refer to rivers “Kura” and “Ebro” or their valleys respectively. Most of their inhabitants speak Georgian which is included within Dene-Caucasian group and Usko-Mediterranean subgroup of languages. The latter includes Basque, Berber, ancient Iberian-Tartessian, Etruscan, Hittite, Minoan Lineal A and others. In the present paper, HLA class II -DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles has been studied and extended haplotypes calculated. Most frequent haplotypes are also of Mediterranean origin (i. e.: (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*13:01-DQB1*06:03, or (A*24-B*35)-DRB1*01:01-DQB1*05:01) and DA genetic distances show that closest world populations to Georgians are Mediterraneans. Georgians also show common extended haplotypes ((A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*13)-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:01 and (A*03-B*35)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01) with Svan people, a secluded population in North Georgia mountains. We can conclude that Georgians belong to a very old Mediterranean substratum according to both linguistics (Usko Mediterranean languages) and HLA genetics.     

HLA genes in Amerindians from Mexico San Vicente Tancuayalab Teenek/Huastecos

Huastecos or Teenek Amerindians are presently living at North East Mexico (San Luis Potosi State). They have probably one of the most ancient culture of Mexico and Central America together with Mayas and Olmec groups with which also show close relationships. Proximity to Atlantic Ocean/Mexican Gulf originated that Spaniards had very early contact with them at about 1519 CE or before. In the present paper we have aimed to study HLA gene profile which may be useful for HLA and disease epidemiology and transplant programs in Teeneks. HLA-DRB1*04:07, -DRB1*14:06 and -DRB1*04:11 have been found in high frequency like in other Amerindian groups. High frequency typical Amerindians HLA extended haplotypes have been found, such as A*02-B*35-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; A*68-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 and A*02-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; also new haplotypes have been described, like A*02-B*52-DRB1*04:11-DQB1*03:02, A*68-B*35-DRB1*14:02-DQB1*03:01 and A*68-B*40-DRB1*16:02-DQB1*03:01. Genetic proximity is observed not only to linguistically close Mayans, but also to Mazatecans, Mixtecans and Zapotecans, who speak an altogether different languages; it shows once more that genes and languages do not correlate. This population was greatly diminished after European contact between 1500 and 1600 years CE; in fact, North and South America First Inhabitants population was brought from 80 down to 8 million people because of diseases (i.e.: measles, smallpox or influenza), slavery and war.     

État de l’art : nouveaux anticoagulants et transfusion

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are indicated for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. As any anticoagulant, they are associated with a bleeding risk. Management of DOAC-induced bleeding is challenging. Idarucizumab, antidote for dabigatran, is currently available and is part of the therapeutic strategy, whereas antidotes for anti-Xa agents are under development. Activated or non-activated prothrombin concentrates are proposed, although their efficacy to reverse DOAC is uncertain. We propose an update on DOAC-associated bleeding management, integrating the availability of idarucizumab and the critical place of DOAC concentration measurements.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.