棘托竹荪菌盖蛋白提取及分析

首次以棘托竹荪菌盖为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究菌盖蛋白最佳提取工艺;用SDS-PAGE测定所提取蛋白的分子量分布。结果表明:提取时间和pH是影响竹荪菌盖蛋白提取的主要因数,最佳提取条件为pH8.0,提取时间2.5 h,提取温度55℃,提取率达64.07%,提取的竹荪菌盖主要蛋白分子量为16 kDa和38 kDa。棘托竹荪菌盖作为蛋白提取原料是可行的,以其为原料开发蛋白相关产品具有巨大的潜力和广阔的市场前景。     

红托竹荪多糖抗氧化活性的研究

本文采用DPPH自由基、羟自由基及超氧阴离子自由基体系对红托竹荪多糖的抗氧化活性进行了研究,并同Vc和BHT进行了比较.结果表明,在0.2～1.2 mg/mL质量浓度范围内,红托竹荪多糖对DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的半数清除率(EC50)值分别为1.468、2.580和2.330,抗氧化活性稍强于BHT,但弱于VC.     

不同分子量菊芋多糖的生物活性研究

研究不同醇沉组份的菊芋多糖分子量和其抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性与抗氧化活性差异。菊芋水提物分级醇沉获得粗多糖,过Sephadex G-50凝胶柱进行纯化,得到重均分子量为1959、2180、2746、2011 Da的多糖组分:JAP-1、JAP-2、JAP-3和JAP-4。测定这些组分体外抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性和对DPPH与羟基自由基清除能力。结果表明,JAP-4具有较明显的抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,在5 mg/mL时抑制率为20.32%。JAP-1、JAP-2、JAP-3和JAP-4均有显著的抗氧化活性,其中JAP-2对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除活性优于其他组分。JAP-2在2 mg/mL时对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除率分别达到84.50%和89.74%,接近于Vc的抗氧化活性。不同分子量菊芋多糖的活性存在差异,可能是由于分子量的不同所导致。     

山楂多糖提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

目的：优化热水浸提法提取山楂多糖的最佳工艺条件,并研究其结构和体外抗氧化活性。方法：在单因素试验的基础上,以水浴温度、水浴时间、料水比、冷浸时间为因素,通过正交试验设计优化其提取工艺;多糖经纯化后分别采用GPC、GC-MS分析其分子量和单糖组成,并通过对超氧自由、羟自由基、DPPH（1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼）自由基清除试验测定山楂多糖的抗氧化活性。结果：最佳提取条件为浸提温度90 ℃、浸提时间6 h、料水比1∶20、冷浸时间为13 h,此条件下提取的多糖经过纯化后,其分子量为5.59×104 Da,单糖含量比例（阿拉伯糖∶木糖∶甘露糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖）为1∶1∶28∶8∶12。经测定,多糖具有一定的超氧自由基、羟自由基、DPPH自由基体外清除能力,在0.5~2.5 mg/mL的浓度范围内,清除率分别为12.3%~37.9%、12.3%~40.9%、15.3%~42.6%,说明抗氧化活性较好。结论：本研究可为山楂资源的开发利用和山楂多糖的药理研究提供科学依据。     

响应面优化裂褶菌多糖酶解工艺及抑菌研究

探索了裂褶菌多糖酶解法提取工艺及酶解产物抑菌的作用。分别从p H、酶解时间、酶解温度和加酶量4个因素考察了对裂褶菌多糖提取率的影响,通过响应面分析进行裂褶菌多糖提取工艺条件的优化。结果表明,在液体果胶酶p H为5.5、酶解时间1.2h、酶解温度50℃、加酶量1%时裂褶菌多糖提取率达54.76%;以大肠杆菌、假单胞菌为供试菌株,通过抑制率来反映其抑菌效果,结果表明裂褶菌多糖对大肠杆菌、假单胞菌有一定的抑制作用。     

酶法提取香菇柄多糖

比较了菇柄多糖的多种提取方法。结果表明,利用复合酶解法结合热水浸提法提取菇柄多糖,提取率达７．１３％（克多糖／１００克菇柄干品）,是热水浸提法的３．４３倍,酶解的最适作用条件为ｐＨ４．５,温度４６℃,时间８０ｍｉｎ。     

红托竹荪菌托多糖的提取及抗肿瘤活性的初步研究

红托竹荪菌托经热水提取、酒精沉淀、脱蛋白后的粗多糖,其得率远大于其菌丝体和子实体的其他部位及香菇子实体。菌托粗多糖进一步用DEAE纤维素柱和Sephadex G-75分离纯化,得到两个组分DRVP1与DRVP2,对分离得到的主要多糖通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）、红外光谱（IR）等进行结构分析。DRVP1的相对分子质量（Mr）为1.47×104,红外光谱数据显示为β-型甘露糖苷。体外试验表明,红托竹荪菌托多糖的组分DRVP1对小鼠S180肉瘤有一定的抑制作用。     

红托竹荪菌托多糖的提取及抗肿瘤活性的初步研究

红托竹荪菌托经热水提取、酒精沉淀、脱蛋白后的粗多糖,其得率远大于其菌丝体和子实体的其他部位及香菇子实体.菌托粗多糖进一步用DEAE纤维素柱和Sephadex G-75分离纯化,得到两个组分DRVP1与DRVP2,对分离得到的主要多糖通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)、红外光谱(IR)等进行结构分析.DRVP1的相对分子质量(Mr)为1.47×104,红外光谱数据显示为β-型甘露糖苷.体外试验表明,红托竹荪菌托多糖的组分DRVP1对小鼠S180肉瘤有一定的抑制作用.     

棘托竹荪菌托抑菌物质提取、分离及活性组分北大核心CSCD

以棘托竹荪(Dictyophora echinovolvata)菌托为研究对象,提纯菌托提取物有效抑菌天然产物,分析其抑菌活性组成。选择最佳提取溶剂及指示菌,采用色谱层析法分离纯化,GC-MS检测分析活性组分。结果表明:乙酸乙酯提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、标准摩根氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌均有较好的抑制效果;以金色葡萄球菌为指示菌,乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌作用对温度、紫外线均有较好的稳定性;对提取物进行分离,获得2个有抑菌活性组分DEVⅠ、DEVⅡ,采用GC-MS分析DEVⅠ、DEVⅡ中的化学组分,DEVⅠ中相对含量1%以上的成分有20个;DEVⅡ中相对含量在1%以上成分6个,其中具有抑菌活性的成分为2-呋喃甲酸和肉桂酸,相对含量分别为25.6%和54.2%,推测可能为棘托竹荪菌托抑菌物质的主要组成成分。     

超临界CO_2萃取法提取棘托竹荪中的活性物质及其抑菌效果研究

本文研究了超临界CO2萃取法的不同提取条件对棘托竹荪中活性物质的抑菌效果影响。通过L16(43)正交实验,选取萃取压力、萃取温度与萃取时间为主要影响因素,采用超临界CO2萃取法,以活性物质对单增李斯特菌和副溶血性弧菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)与抑菌率作为提取效果指标,设计棘托竹荪抑菌活性物质的最佳提取条件。由不同提取条件对两种菌抑菌效果的影响程度与显著性分析得出:萃取时间萃取温度萃取压力。棘托竹荪活性物质提取的最佳条件为:萃取压力为20 MPa,萃取温度35℃,萃取时间120 min,所得活性物质对单增李斯特菌与副溶血性弧菌的MIC均为15.0 mg/m L。当抑菌活性物质浓度为MIC时,处理24 h后其对单增李斯特菌与副溶血性弧菌的最佳抑制率分别为85.7%与98.2%。     

Optimization of aqueous-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch) and their biological activities

The pumpkin pulp contains a greater composition of edible polysaccharides and has reported with excellent biological applications. This research pertains to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from the fleshy portion of the pumpkin using aqueous assisted extraction (AAE). The result showed that the optimal extraction condition of pumpkin polysaccharide was as follows: extraction temperature at 55 °C, pH 4.5, and enzyme concentration of 4000 µ/g for 80 min. Under the optimal extraction condition, the yield of pumpkin polysaccharide via AAE (15.4) was significantly higher. The biological activities of extracted polysaccharide including α-amylase inhibition (57.41% at 1000 µg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (50.41% at 25 µg/mL) activity increased significantly. Additionally, the antioxidant activities of extracted pumpkin polysaccharides including IC₅₀ values of DPPH and ABTS were 59.87% and 58.74%, respectively. The pumpkin polysaccharide has maximum inhibitory effects against bacterial strains especially for Escherichia coli than that of fungal strains. It is suggested that the aqueous assisted extraction of is a cost-effective promising method to decrease the processing time as well as enhancing extracted polysaccharide yield – times.     

Optimization of polysaccharides from Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer by RSM and its anti-oxidant activity

Response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer. A three-level, three-variable Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied for experimental design and analyzed of the results to obtain the optimal processing parameters. RSM analysis indicated good correspondence between experimental and predicted values. The optimal condition for the yield of polysaccharide was extraction time 3.74 h, extraction temperature 93.90 °C and ratio of water to raw material 40.22. Polysaccharide was analyzed by chemical methods and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). IR spectra indicated the presence of uronic acids and α-pyranose of the glucose residue. The antioxidant activities of Panax japonicus polysaccharides (PJP) were investigated including scavenging activity of hydrogen peroxide, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and free radicals of superoxide anion in vitro. The results of antioxidant activity exhibited PJP had a good potential for antioxidant.     

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Hohenbuehelia serotina by response surface methodology

An ultrasonic-assisted procedure for the extraction of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hohenbuehelia serotina was investigated using response surface methodology. The effects of four factors on the yield of polysaccharides were studied. The optimized conditions were extraction temperature 94°C, extraction time 3.0h, ratio of water to raw material 110:1 and ultrasonic power 480W. Under these conditions, the experimental yield of polysaccharides was 17.45±0.18%, which was well matched with the predictive yield of 17.54%. The molecular weight of polysaccharide was ranged from 1.19×10(3) to 1.55×10(4)Da. The polysaccharides were composed of ribose, arabinose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a ratio of 0.65:0.69:9.35:14.24:5.47. Then, the structural features of untreated materials, hot water extraction residue and ultrasonic-assisted extraction residue were compared by SEM. Results indicated that ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology could be an effective and advisable technique.     

Pretreatment of corn stover by combining ionic liquid dissolution with alkali extraction

Pretreatment plays an important role in the efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass into fermentable sugars for biofuels. A highly effective pretreatment method is reported for corn stover which combines mild alkali-extraction followed by ionic liquid (IL) dissolution of the polysaccharides and regeneration (recovery of the polysaccharides as solids). Air-dried, knife-milled corn stover was soaked in 1% NaOH at a moderate condition (90°C, 1 h) and then thoroughly washed with hot deionized (DI) water. The alkali extraction solublized 75% of the lignin and 37% of the hemicellulose. The corn stover fibers became softer and smoother after the alkali extraction. Unextracted and extracted corn stover samples were separately dissolved in an IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C(4) mimCl), at 130°C for 2 h and then regenerated with DI water. The IL dissolution process did not significantly change the chemical composition of the materials, but did alter their structural features. Untreated and treated corn stover samples were hydrolyzed with commercial enzyme preparations including cellulases and hemicellulases at 50°C. The glucose yield from the corn stover sample that was both alkali-extracted and IL-dissolved was 96% in 5 h of hydrolysis. This is a highly effective methodology for minimizing the enzymatic loading for biomass hydrolysis and/or maximizing the conversion of biomass polysaccharides into sugars.     

响应面法优化地衣Umbilicaria muehlenbergii多糖提取工艺及其体外活性研究

研究石耳属地衣Umbilicaria muehlenbergii多糖的提取工艺及其体外抗氧化、抗肿瘤能力。在单因素试验基础上,通过Box-Behnken design（BBD）和响应面分析法优化得出热水浸提法提取U. muehlenbergii多糖的最佳工艺条件。通过测定地衣多糖对1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）、羟自由基、超氧阴离子和亚硝酸盐的清除率,对其体外抗氧化能力、抗肿瘤能力进行了评价。结果表明,U. muehlenbergii多糖提取最佳工艺参数为温度90℃,时间每次4.5h,液固比40:1,提取次数5次。在此工艺条件下,U. muehlenbergii多糖实际提取率为10.63%。同时,该多糖具有较好的抗氧化、抗肿瘤能力,是一种潜在的开发资源。     

超声波提取的当归多糖化学修饰及其抗氧化活性研究

采用超声波辅助法从当归中提取水溶性当归粗多糖(ASP),经过4种化学修饰分别得到硫酸化当归多糖(S-ASP)、磷酸化当归多糖(P-ASP)、乙酰化当归多糖(Ac-ASP)、羧甲基化当归多糖(C-ASP)。通过红外光谱对化学修饰前后ASP的结构进行表征,并进行抗氧化活性和清除自由基能力的测定,以获得一种抗氧化活性较强的当归多糖。结果显示:经化学修饰后的ASP分别具有相应的特征吸收峰,表明当归多糖的4种化学修饰均已成功;经化学修饰的4种当归多糖总还原能力均弱于未修饰多糖,且清除羟基自由基(·OH)的能力无明显变化,但清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼(DPPH·)自由基和抑制Fe2+诱发的脂质过氧化反应的能力有所增强,其中P-ASP清除超氧阴离子(O2·-)自由基的能力最强;Ac-ASP抑制Fe2+诱发的脂质过氧化反应的能力最强,且均呈现出一定的量效关系。本实验结果为当归多糖的进一步研究与开发利用提供了一定的科学依据。     

滑菇多糖wPNP-a1的制备及结构分析

利用传统热水浸提法提取滑菇粗多糖(wPNP),进而用季铵盐沉淀法和Sephadex G-150凝胶色谱柱层析对wPNP进行纯化,得滑菇多糖wPNP-a1.以高效液相色谱(HPLC)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FIR)、气相色谱(GC)、核磁共振(NMR)、环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)和原子力显微镜(AMF)等方法分析wPNP-a1的结构,结果表明,滑菇多糖wPNP-a1的分子量为419310 Da,具有一般类多糖的特征吸收峰,糖苷键为β-型,不含乙酰基,由木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖组成,其摩尔比为3.91∶2.77∶1.91∶1;wPNP-a1的分子间排斥力较大,分子间吸引力较小,在云母表面呈直链状分布,链宽23 nm左右,链高0.7～0.8 nm.     

Optimization of ultrasonic circulating extraction of polysaccharides from Asparagus officinalis using response surface methodology

Polysaccharides were extracted from Asparagus officinalis. A novel ultrasonic circulating extraction (UCE) technology was applied for the polysaccharide extraction. Three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize ultrasonic power, extraction time and the liquid-solid ratio to obtain a high polysaccharide yield. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: ultrasonic power was 600 W, extraction time was 46 min, the liquid-solid ratio was 35 mL/g. Under these conditions, the experimental yield of polysaccharides was 3.134%, which was agreed closely to the predicted value. The average molecular weight of A. officinalis polysaccharide was about 6.18 × 10⁴ Da. The polysaccharides were composed of glucose, fucose, arabinose, galactose and rhamnose in a ratio of 2.18:1.86:1.50:0.98:1.53. Compared with hot water extraction (HWE), UCE showed time-saving, higher yield and no influence on the structure of asparagus polysaccharides. The results indicated that ultrasonic circulating extraction technology could be an effective and advisable technique for the large scale production of plant polysaccharides.     

响应面优化塔拉种子多糖的超声波提取及其抗氧化性研究

为获得塔拉多糖超声波提取的最佳工艺,利用中心组合实验设计原理,采用四因素三水平的响应面分析法,获得多元二次线性回归方程,以多糖提取率为响应值做响应面。并考察塔拉多糖的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明：塔拉多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为,超声辅助提取超声功率363 W,超声温度56℃,超声时间23 min,料液比1：17（g·mL^-1）,塔拉粗多糖的最大提取率（25.56%）与理论推测值（25.71%）相差较小。经纯化后塔拉多糖提取率为17.82%。以VC为阳性对照,对不同纯度的塔拉多糖进行抗氧化性的研究,发现其纯度越高,对ABTS自由基的清除能力越强。     

桦褐孔菌活性物质的提取工艺及体外抗糖尿病活性

对桦褐孔菌活性物质的提取工艺及其体外抗糖尿病活性进行研究。桦褐孔菌子实体用乙醇浸提后,乙醇粗提物用不同有机溶剂萃取,醇提残渣再以热水浸提,用标准曲线法测定活性组分中活性成分的含量,并检测活性物质对羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)的清除效果以及对关键糖代谢酶α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。结果表明:4种活性组分(乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相、水相和粗多糖)对羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)都有较强的清除作用,其中乙酸乙酯组分的活性最高,乙醇粗提物萃取组分对α-淀粉酶有抑制活性,而粗多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶有抑制作用;桦褐孔菌具有抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性,其活性与活性物质种类及其含量具有相关性。