我国蚕豆品种资源对蚕豆锈病的抗性鉴定

1998～2000年对241份蚕豆品种(系)进行抗蚕豆锈病鉴定,其中表现高抗(HR)的材料2份,占0.83%;抗病(R)和中抗(MR)的材料131份,占54.36%.中感(MS)和感病(S)材料104份,占43.15%,高感(HS)的材料4份,占1.66%.结果表明,不同地理来源、株高、单株粒数、单株产量及粒重的材料抗性有差异.     

茄子种质资源抗青枯病的鉴定与评价

对304份茄子种质资源进行抗青枯病苗期人工接种鉴定,筛选出免疫材料10份,高抗材料51份,抗病材料35份,中抗材料32份,感病或高感材料176份,分别占鉴定材料的3.3%、16.8%、11.5%、10.5%和57.9%.茄子野生近缘种Solanum sisymbriifolium和S.torvum对青枯病有较强的抗病性,可作为茄子青枯病的抗源材料.获得4份抗青枯病的种间体细胞杂种.茄子对青枯病的抗性遗传较为复杂,主要由多基因控制.     

玉米重要自交系的肿囊腐霉茎腐病抗性鉴定与评价

由肿囊腐霉菌(Pythium inflatum Matthews)引起的玉米茎腐病是影响玉米产量的一种重要病害。为进一步拓展可利用的抗源,于2010-2011年在田间采用人工接种方法对287份重要的玉米自交系种质进行了玉米茎腐病的抗性鉴定评价。结果表明,287份鉴定材料中有171份自交系对茎腐病的抗性达到中抗以上水平,占鉴定材料的59.58%,其中高抗自交系共43份,占鉴定材料总数的14.98%;感病类型自交系共116份,占鉴定材料的40.42%,其中高感自交系共95份,占鉴定材料总数的33.10%。Lancaster、Reid及P群种质中具有丰富的茎腐病抗源,而塘四平头种质群中茎腐病抗源相对缺乏,多为感病类型。该研究结果可为今后我国玉米茎腐病抗性种质的引进和改良提供重要参考。     

节瓜抗枯萎病基因的分子标记研究

本研究利用人工接种及BSA法验证甜瓜抗枯萎病基因Fom-2的连锁分子标记SSR430和STS296应用于节瓜抗枯萎病鉴定的通用性。结果表明:(1)在12份抗病材料和27份感病材料的分子鉴定中,抗病材料均能找到SSR430标记,与高抗母本B-4带型一致,感病材料均无标记,准确率为100.00%,能用于节瓜抗枯萎病分子标记辅助育种;(2)利用STS296进行分子标记鉴定,只有B-4和3个抗性子代含有STS296标记,所有感病材料均不含此标记,表明STS296有可能可作为节瓜枯萎病的抗性标记。     

外引玉米种质对两种穗腐病原镰孢菌抗性鉴定

采用双牙签接种技术,2016-2017年连续2年对从美国、加拿大、罗马尼亚、德国、法国、荷兰等国家引进的177份玉米种质资源抗玉米穗腐病原拟轮枝镰孢(F.verticillioides)和禾谷镰孢(F.graminearum)进行了鉴定。结果表明,鉴定的177份玉米种质资源中,对拟轮枝镰孢表现高抗(HR)的资源2份,占总数的1.13%;抗病(R)38份,占总数的21.47%;中抗(MR)75份,占总数的42.37%;感病(S)48份,占总数的27.12%;高感(HS)14份,占总数的7.91%。177份玉米种质资源中,对禾谷镰孢(F.graminearum)表现抗病(R)12份,占鉴定资源总数的6.78%;中抗(MR)66份,占总数的37.29%;感病(S)64份,占总数的36.16%;高感(HS)35份,占总数的19.77%,未发现对禾谷镰孢菌表现高抗的材料。在177份玉米种质资源中,兼抗两种穗腐病原镰孢菌的种质资源有12份。     

绿豆种质资源枯萎病抗性鉴定及抗性资源筛选北大核心CSCD

绿豆枯萎病是影响绿豆产量最严重的病害之一。筛选苗期抗性资源,培育抗病品种对枯萎病防治具有重要意义。本研究采用剪根浸根接种法,对来自全国18个省市及国外的215份绿豆核心种质资源和85份绿豆新品系进行了苗期枯萎病抗性鉴定。结果显示,不同地区种质间的枯萎病抗性水平存在差异。国内产区中,东北、华东、华中地区约50%的种质具有枯萎病抗性;华北地区抗枯萎病种质占比40.4%;西北、西南和华南地区种质抗病水平较高;国外材料抗病种质占比40.0%。本研究共筛选出17份高抗(HR)枯萎病种质资源,并利用部分材料建立了枯萎病抗性研究RIL群体;6份高抗高代品系材料,在田间全生育期表现高抗且农艺性状优异。本研究期望为今后抗枯萎病绿豆新品种选育及抗性遗传相关研究提供优异资源和理论依据。     

不同抗虫遗传背景对棉花经济性状的影响

为培育高产、优质、抗病虫的棉花新品种,本实验以一组转基因抗虫棉为材料,对不同类型抗虫棉的经济性状,农艺性状,早熟性,抗红铃虫和抗黄萎病进行了研究。结果表明,转(Bt CpTI)基因抗虫杂交棉新组合667表现为高产,纤维品质优良,高抗红铃虫、耐黄萎病,综合性状好。在参试材料中,双价抗虫棉优于单价(Bt)抗虫棉;杂交抗虫棉优于常规抗虫棉。利用外源抗虫基因转导的棉花新材料为杂交亲本,可以培育出丰产优质的高抗虫的棉花新品种。     

高粱三系抗丝黑穗病鉴定与评价

采用土壤接种技术,对目前我国高粱育种上广泛应用的150份高粱种质资源(包括高粱不育系、保持系和恢复系)进行抗高粱丝黑穗病鉴定评价。经两年重复鉴定,在150份高粱种质中,筛选出对高粱丝黑穗病菌优势小种表现免疫(IM)的47份,占总数的31.3%;高抗(HR)和中抗(MR)的各6份,分别占鉴定材料总数4.0%;抗病(R)的4份,占2.7%;感病(S)的13份,占8.7%;高感(HS)的74份,占49.3%。上述结果表明,目前高粱育种中广泛应用的育种种质中抗丝黑穗病材料较为丰富。     

400份小麦品种（系）条锈病成株期抗性鉴定与评价

发掘新抗源,不断拓宽抗病遗传资源,是确保农业生产可持续发展的重要战略储备。为明确400个小麦品种(系)的抗条锈表现及抗条锈基因分布状况,本研究利用混合小种(CYR31、CYR32和CYR33)在田间进行成株期条锈病抗性鉴定,同时以Yr5、Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18和Yr26已知抗条锈病基因的分子标记进行检测筛查,综合分析供试材料可能携带的抗病基因。结果表明,在400份材料中,成株期对混合菌种表现高抗至免疫(IT=0～1)的品种(系)有177份,占44.25%;中抗(IT=2)品种(系)62份,占15.5%;中感或高感(IT=3/4)品种(系)161份,占40.25%。结合抗病表现和已知Yr基因分子检测结果表明:供试小麦中121份材料携带Yr5,占30.25%;96份携带Yr9,占24%;10份携带Yr10,占2.5%;19份携带Yr15,占4.75%;150份携带Yr17,占37.5%;15份携带Yr18,占3.75%;127份携带Yr26,占31.75%。其中定西24、N7187等25份材料未发现携带Yr5、Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18和Yr26,推测可能含有其他未知抗性基因或新基因。该研究结果建立了小麦条锈病抗源鉴定和评价体系,筛选出177份具有不同抗病性特征的抗源材料,其中25份可能含有新抗源,为进一步培育抗条锈病新品种奠定了基础。     

野生稻细菌性条斑病抗性资源筛选及遗传分析

对1655份普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)和31份药用野生稻(O. officinalis Wall. ex Watt)进行了细菌性条斑病(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola,简称细条病)抗性鉴定,结果发现在普通野生稻中有57份抗病材料,其中3级抗性有31份,占总数的1.87%;5级中抗有26份,占总数1.57%.在药用野生稻资源中,有15份抗病材料,占总数的48.4%.选取了8份普通野生稻抗性资源(分别命名为DP1、DP3、DP5、DP9、DP15、DP16、DP17和DP20)与9311杂交,再自交或与9311回交后,分别获得BC1、F1和F2后代.在接种鉴定中发现这些抗性资源的BC1或F1所有植株均对细条病表现感病,说明这8份材料的抗性属于隐性遗传.在DP3与9311杂交的F2群体中,抗感植株的分离比符合1∶ 15的比例,说明DP3的抗性由2对隐性重叠作用基因控制.研究结果表明,在野生稻中可以获得一批具有较大利用价值的细条病抗性资源,其中药用野生稻资源中抗性材料所占的比例较大.     

Molecular mapping of Verticillium wilt resistance QTL clustered on chromosomes D7 and D9 in upland cotton

Verticillium wilt is a destructive disease with international consequences for cotton production. Breeding broad-spectrum resistant cultivars is considered to be one of the most effective means for reducing crop losses. A resistant cotton cultivar, 60182, was crossed with a susceptible cultivar, Jun-mian 1, to identify markers for Verticillium resistance genes and validate the mode of its inheritance. Genetic segregation analysis for Verticillium wilt resistance was evaluated based upon infected leaf percentage in the seedling stage using major gene-polygene mixed inheritance models and joint analysis of P₁, P₂, F₁, B₁, B₂ and F₂ populations obtained from the cultivar cross. We found that resis-tance of upland cotton cultivar 60182 to isolates BP2, VD8 and T9, and their isoconcentration mixture was controlled by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects, and the inheritance of the major gene was dominant. Furthermore, a genetic linkage map was constructed using F₂ segregating population and resistance phenotypic data were obtained using F_2︰3 families inoculated with different isolates and detected in different developmental stages. The genetic linkage map with 139 loci was comprised of 31 linkage groups covering 1165 cM, with an average distance of 8.38 cM between two markers, or 25.89% of the cotton genome length. From 60182, we found 4 QTL on chromosome D7 and 4 QTL on D9 for BP2, 5 QTL on D7 and 9 QTL on D9 for VD8, 4 QTL on D7 and 5 QTL on D9 for T9 and 3 QTL on D7 and 7 QTL on D7 for mixed pathogens. The QTL mapping results revealed that QTL clusters with high contribution rates were screened simultaneously on chromosomes D9 and D7 by multiple interval mapping (CIM), whether from resistance phenotypic data from different developmental stages or for different isolates. The result is consistent with the genetic model of two major genes in 60182 and suggests broad-spectrum resistance to both defoliating isolates of V. dahliae and nondefoliating iso-lates. The markers associated with resistance QTL may facilitate the use of Verticillium wilt resistance genes in improving breeding programs for cotton.     

陆地棉品种和骨干品系黄萎病抗性鉴定

选育和推广抗病品种是防治陆地棉黄萎病的主要措施,为了早日实现多类型、多区域大面积抗病品种的应用,本研究选取107份遗传背景差异较大的种质,利用河北省农林科学院棉花研究所小安舍试验站黄萎病病圃进行了3年黄萎病抗性重复鉴定。鉴定得到抗病品系8个,占7.5%;耐病品种(系)20个,占18.7%。本研究表明,当前被作为育种亲本的抗病品系还太少,需要深入开展抗病遗传机制,以及与其他经济性状协同改良的关系,为陆地棉抗病育种提供理论指导;达到抗病或接近抗病水平的大部分品种(系)来自于海陆野远缘后代,具有外源基因血统,证明了远缘杂交是陆地棉黄萎病抗性改良的有效手段。     

单核苷酸多态性与甜瓜抗枯萎病分子育种研究

目的:结合单核苷酸多态性标记技术,利用甜瓜本身的抗病性以解决新疆甜瓜病害问题。方法:对新疆甜瓜抗枯萎病基因Fom-2基因进行克隆分析,并根据Fom-2基因在不同抗性甜瓜亲本的单核苷酸多态性,设计检测SNP标记的PCR扩增引物,验证其多态性;并利用F2代分析该标记与筛选获得的甜瓜抗枯萎病基因连锁的SSR标记的遗传关系。结果:在抗病与感病甜瓜品种中均扩增获得PCR条带,试验中设计单核苷酸多态性分子标记在抗病品种为显性,与筛选的和抗枯萎病基因紧密连锁的共显性标记SSR430共分离。结论:不同抗性甜瓜品种均含有Fom-2基因或其高度同源序列,SNP显性标记和共显性标记SSR430均可用于甜瓜抗枯萎病分子标记辅助育种。     

芝麻营养生长期枯萎病抗性鉴定技术研究

芝麻枯萎病是芝麻主要真菌病害之一,由尖孢镰刀菌芝麻专化型(FOS,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.sesami)引起,主要在苗期和成株期发生。为精准评价营养生长时期(2对真叶~现蕾)芝麻种质对FOS菌株的抗性水平,试验分析了FOS菌液浓度、蘸根接菌时间、致病力等条件下芝麻种质枯萎病病症及病情指数变化规律,建立了营养生长期芝麻枯萎病抗性精准鉴定方法。结果表明,1×10^6 cfu/mL^5×10^6 cfu/mL浓度下,植株蘸根接菌处理1~2周即可发病;第4周样本枯萎病病情指数趋于稳定。上述方法反映不同芝麻种质营养生长期对FOS菌株的抗性水平以及不同FOS菌株的致病力。营养生长期芝麻枯萎病发生可分为0~4级共5个等级。采用上述鉴定方法对42份芝麻种质进行抗枯萎病鉴定结果显示,野生种Sesamum radiatum Thonn.ex Hornem.高抗枯萎病(DI=0),而S.angustifolium(Oliv.)Engl.高感枯萎病(DI=100)。40份栽培种资源中,高感(HS)种质比例极高(55%),抗病种质比例较低(27.5%)。研究结果为深入开展芝麻抗枯萎病遗传机理分析提供了技术支持。     

Influence of Fusarium wilt toxin(s) on carnation cells

The influence of culture filtrates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi which causes Fusarium wilt was investigated on growth and viability of carnation tissue cultures and leaf segments. Culture filtrates of avirulent race 1 of this fungus did not affect calli and leaf segments of cultivars both susceptible and resistant to Fusarium wilt. However, culture filtrates of virulent race 2 decreased viability and suppressed growth of callus of the susceptible cultivar. In contrast, callus of the resistant cultivar showed resistance to the culture filtrates. The results of these experiments may provide information on methods of selection of new wilt resistant carnation varieties.Abbreviations A270 absorbance at 270 nm - 2,4-d 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - CF-MCD culture filtrate of 16064 grown in MCD medium - MCD medium modified Czapeck-Dox medium - MS medium basal medium of Murashige and Skoog - MW molecular weight - PD medium potato dextrose medium - TTC 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride     

Impact of a New Source of Resistance to Fusarium Wilt in Pigeonpea

Pigeonpea is an important grain legume grown by smallholder farmers in Southern Africa. Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium udum Butler, is the major disease limiting pigeonpea production in the region. This study was designed to evaluate the reaction to fusarium wilt as well as agronomic performance of new elite pigeonpea germplasm in three different countries during the 2001/2002 cropping season using wilt‐sick plots. Per cent incidence of fusarium wilt (%FW), grain size and yield, were measured. The genotype ICEAP 00040 consistently showed a high (<20.0%) level of resistance to the disease in all three countries. In contrast, %FW score for the susceptible genotype ICEAP 00068 was 87.5, 92.0 and 90.9% in Kenya, Malawi and Tanzania, respectively. The grain size obtained for ICEAP 00040 at Ngabu (Malawi) was 25.0% larger than that at each of the remaining locations indicating environmental influence on this trait. At all the three locations, ≥1.5 ton/Ha of grain yield was obtained for ICEAP 00040 compared with <1.0 ton/Ha for ICEAP 00068. In 2003, this improved resistant genotype (ICEAP 00040) was released for commercial production and will be useful as a good source of resistance in pigeonpea genetic improvement programs in the region.     

两个不同抗性黄瓜品种和云南黑籽南瓜根系分泌物对黄瓜枯萎病发生的影响

研究了黄瓜品种津研4号（感枯萎病）、津春4号（抗枯萎病）和云南黑籽南瓜根系分泌物对津研4号黄瓜枯萎病发生的影响及其原因.结果表明:感病品种根系分泌物处理的黄瓜枯萎病发病早,接种后第15天病株率显著高于对照,至第20天时病株率与对照相近;而抗病品种根系分泌物处理的病株率一直显著小于对照.感病品种根系分泌物浇灌的植株株高、鲜质量降低,根系活力下降、电导度（伤害度）增加,而抗病品种和云南黑籽南瓜根系分泌物处理对植株影响较小.感病品种根系分泌物促进了黄瓜枯萎病菌的生长,而抗病品种和云南黑籽南瓜根系分泌物则抑制了病菌生长.     

Identification of a RAPD Marker Linked to Fusarium Wilt Resistant Gene in Wild Watermelon Germplasm (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides

Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) was employed to detect a molecular marker linked to Fusarium wilt resistant gene in the wild watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansfeld var. citroides ) germplasm P1296341. The resistance to race 1 Fusarium wilt of PI296341 was controlled by one dominant gene. A RAPD marker OPPO1/700 was proved to be linked to the resistant gene. The genetic distance is 3.0 cM (centimorgan). This work has provided a solid basis for molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) for disease resistance, and made location and cloning of disease resistant genes possible.     

与西瓜野生种质抗枯萎病基因连锁的RAPD标记

运用ＲＡＰＤ技术,采用混合分组分析（ｂｕｌｋｅｄｓｅｇｒｅｇａｎｔａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ,ＢＳＡ）方法进行了西瓜（Ｃｉｔｒｕｌｌｕｓｌａｎａｔｕｓ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）Ｍａｎｓｆｅｌｄｖａｒ． ｃｉｔｒｏｉｄｅｓ） 野生种质ＰＩ２９６３４１ 抗枯萎病基因连锁的分子标记研究。研究结果表明：西瓜野生种质Ｐ１２９６３４１ 抗枯萎病生理小种１ 的抗性由单显性基因控制,ＲＡＰＤ标记ＯＰＰＯＬ／７００ 与其抗病基因连锁,其遗传距离为３０ ｃＭ（ｃｅｎｔｉｍｏｒｇａｎ）。这为进行抗病分子标记辅助选择,以及最终定位与克隆其抗病基因打下了良好基础。