浙赣地区上奥陶统砚瓦山组的牙形刺及其地层意义*

描述产自浙江常山205国道剖面上奥陶统砚瓦山组的牙形刺,主要有Baltoniodus alobatus,B.variabilis,Periodon aculeatus,Dapsilodus viruensis,Scabbardella altipes和Panderodus gracilis等,可归入Baltoniodus alobatus带。浙赣地区奥陶系砚瓦山组自建立以来都被归入瀚江期,并与宝塔组对比。本文根据当前的发现并结合以前报道的砚瓦山组牙形刺化石,认为砚瓦山组自下而上可识别出Pygodus anserinus,Baltoniodus alobatus和Hamarodus brevirameus(=Hamarodus europaeus)等带,其时代应归为桑比早期至凯迪早期,并可与华南扬子区的庙坡组大部(或大田坝组)至宝塔组对比。其中,Pygodus anserinus带和Baltoniodus alobatus带见于浙江常山、江山地区,Hamarodus brevirameus带则见于江西武宁。在常山黄泥塘金钉子剖面,砚瓦山组底部为Pygodus anserinus带;在常山205国道剖面则见Baltoniodus alobatus带;但在江西武宁地区,砚瓦山组从底部起,几乎全都归为Hamarodus brevirameus带。因而,砚瓦山组在江西武宁与浙江常山等地之底界并不一致,有明显的穿时现象。本文牙形刺生物地层研究还表明,晚奥陶世古滕贝格的δ13 C的正偏移事件(GICE)在常山地区的起始时间不会早于B.alobatus带。     

湖北宜昌远安真金和界岭奥陶系牯牛潭组顶部的牙形刺及其地层意义（英文）

本文描述了采自湖北宜昌远安真金和界岭剖面奥陶系牯牛潭组顶部的牙形刺,它们有Baltoniodus prevariabilis,Drepanoistodus venustus,Panderodus gracilis,Periodon aculeatus,Protopanderodus calceatus,P.varicostatus?,Yangtzeplacognathus foliaceus和Y.protoramosus等,确认宜昌地区牯牛潭组顶部应归属于奥陶系达瑞威尔阶Pygodus serra带之Yangtzeplacognathus protoramosus亚带,并可与宜昌黄花场剖面和南京汤山外杆沟剖面同名组顶部及新疆柯坪羊吉坎剖面一间房组顶部的牙形刺带相对比。同时,它要比重庆城口大槽剖面牯牛潭组顶部的牙形刺带低3个带(Pygodus anserinus带至Baltoniodus variabilis带),这一事实也说明了牯牛潭组顶部在中国扬子地台的穿时性。     

塔里木中央隆起区上奥陶统的牙形刺

塔里木板块中央隆起区的上奥陶统,即巴楚露头剖面吐木休克组和良里塔格组以及塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中油田井下良里塔格组皆为灰岩相.作者对前人报道的牙形刺带作了修改,首次系统描述牙形刺动物群全貌,共计14属21种.在曾归入Pygodus serra带和P.anserinus带的吐木休克组底部和下部发现Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis,故应改为Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis带;吐木休克组中部因发现Baltoniodus alobatus和B.variabilis共生,应属B.alobatus带.在Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis带和Baltoniodus alobatus带之间尚未发现可靠的B.variabilis,因此是否存在B.variabilis带尚存疑问.巴楚露头区上奥陶统的牙形刺序列由下而上应为Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis带,Baltoniodus variabilis带?,B.alobatus带和Belodina confluens带.塔中的良里塔格组则可识别出B.confluens带和Yaoxianognathus yaoxianensis带.将中央隆起区牙形刺动物群组合与其相邻的柯坪地块进行对比,说明晚奥陶世因两个地理区水深的差异导致牙形刺带完整性的差异.     

湖北宜昌真金和陈家河奥陶系牯牛潭组至宝塔组的牙形刺及其地层意义

根据采自湖北宜昌分乡陈家河和远安真金两剖面奥陶系牯牛潭组至宝塔组的牙形刺,将该段地层的牙形刺生物带自上而下综合划分为Hamarodus brevirameus,Amorphognathus superbus,Baltoniodus alobatus,Pygodus anserinus-Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis,Yangtzeplacognathus protoramosus,Yangtzeplacognathus foliaceus,Histiodella kristinae-Eoplacognathus suecicus,Dzikodus tablepointensis,Lenodus variabilis和Lenodus antivariabilis等牙形刺生物带。其中宝塔组之Hamarodus brevirameus,Amorphognathus superbus生物带及Baltoniodus alobatus生物带顶部归为凯迪阶(Katian),庙坡组Baltoniodus alobatus生物带大部和Pygodus anserinus-Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis生物带中上部归为桑比阶(Sandbian),而牯牛潭组的Yangtzeplacognathus protoramosus至Lenodus antivariabilis等牙形刺生物带和庙坡组Pygodus anserinus-Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis生物带下部则归入达瑞威尔阶(Darriwillian)。这一牙形刺带序列与宜昌黄花场和分乡剖面的牙形刺生物带相一致。     

下扬子区奥陶纪牙形刺多样性演变初探

根据前人和作者现有资料,对下扬子地区,特别是宁镇地区奥陶纪已经报道的牙形刺属种进行厘定,并按牙形刺带逐带进行多样性统计分析,初步编制出该地区奥陶纪牙形刺属种的地层延限表.研究表明;下扬子区牙形刺在奥陶纪的宏演化经历了3次较明显的辐射事件,分别发生在特马豆克期晚期-弗洛期早期(Serratognathus diversua带)、大坪期早期(Baltoniodus triangularis带)、达瑞威尔期晚期(Eoplacognathus suecicus带);此外,还经历了2次快速增长期,分别发生在达瑞威尔期早期(Lenodus antivariabilis带)、桑比期晚期至凯迪期早期(Hamarodus europaeus带),后者可能与局部环境变化有关.研究表明:华南海平面升降对下扬子区牙形刺宏演化趋势有重要影响.     

陕西宁强—四川广元地区奥陶系“涧草沟组”和宝塔组牙形刺生物地层研究之新进展

开展陕西宁强范家沟、赵家坝和四川广元谭家沟3条剖面奥陶系牙形刺生物地层研究。在宁强地区"涧草沟组"发现了凯迪阶中部的Protopanderodus insculptus生物带,它相当于湖北宜昌地区上奥陶统临湘组之同名带;宝塔组由上而下可划分为Hamarodus brevirameus,Baltoniodus variabilis,Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis和Y.foliaceus等牙形刺带,属达瑞威尔阶上部至凯迪阶下部,可与湖北宜昌地区中-上奥陶统牯牛潭组顶部至宝塔组的同名带对比;广元地区宝塔组则见Baltoniodus variabilis和Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis生物带,属达瑞威尔阶顶部至桑比阶,可与湖北宜昌地区庙坡组或南京地区大田坝组的同名带对比。上述发现改变了先前的认识:陕西宁强地区宝塔组划分为Hamarodus europaeus和Eoplacognathus jianyeensis两牙形刺带,与湖北宜昌地区庙坡组和宝塔组地层相当;四川广元地区宝塔组归入Pygodus serra-Eoplacognathus foliaceus牙形刺带,与湖北宜昌地区牯牛潭组对比。邱洪荣(1989)建立的4个新种可能是一些老属种不同形态的组成分子,因此在本文属种描述部分把它们分别列入相应属种的同义名录。     

湖北宜昌黄花场下奥陶统弗洛阶Oepikodus evae带精细地层划分对比

全球中奥陶统及奥陶系第三个阶、大坪阶的界线层型剖面和点位(GSSP)确定后,文中作者对宜昌黄花场剖面弗洛阶上部Oepikodus evae带牙形刺生物地层序列进行再研究。通过对红花园组上部-大湾组下段一些关键层位中牙形刺样品的补充采集和牙形刺标本的系统检查,研究牙形刺属种垂向分布特征,修订一些牙形刺属种的首现层位。讨论Stolodus stola,Lundodus gladiatus,Oepikodus intermedius,Oepikodus communis,Trape-zognathus diprion,Baltonioduscf.B.triangularis等重要的多分子器官种分类问题。识别出Baltoniodus trian-gularis(Lindstr m)的先驱:Baltonioduscf.B.triangularis(Lindstr m)与Baltoniodus triangularis(Lindstr m)的区别。描述新建化石带属种,包括Baltoniodus triangularis(Lindstr m)。认为Oepikodus evae带上部时限范围内并未见Oepikodus evae分子,所以与国际地层指南(2000)关于间隔带和延限带的含义相悖。据此,厘定了原Oepikodus evae带的含义。并以牙形刺带分子首现为标志,将大湾组下段自下而上划分为3个间隔带,分别为:O.evae带,Trapezognathus diprion带和Baltonioduscf.B.triangularis带。其中Trapezognathus diprion带和Baltonioduscf.B.triangularis带为新建化石带。     

皖南石台地区奥陶系牙形刺

本文研究了安徽省石台地区奥陶系红花园组至汤山组牙形刺的组合特征及其序列,共发现了牙形刺36属64种。文中描述其中地层意义较大的12属16种。建立了12个牙形刺化石带,其中一组合带。自上而下为: Hamarodus europacus带;Amorphognathus superbus带;Amorphognathus tvearensis带; Baltoniodus variabilis带;Pygodus anserinus-Eoplacognathus jianyeensis带; Pygodus serrus带;Eoplacognathus suecicus带;Amorphognathus variabilis带; Paroistodus originalis带; Periodon flabellum带;Oepikodus evae带; Serratognathus tangshanensis带。 本区奥陶系牙形刺的面貌属北大西洋生物地理区。这些牙形刺化石带基本上可与我国宜昌地区、宁镇地区以及西欧奥陶系的牙形刺化石带进行对比。     

重庆石柱漆辽地区中、上奥陶统牙形刺序列—揭示达瑞威尔阶下部至桑比阶之间的沉积间断

本文详细描述了重庆石柱漆辽剖面奥陶系达瑞威尔阶(Darriwilian)牯牛潭组至凯迪阶(Katian)宝塔组的牙形刺序列及其对比。牙形刺序列由上而下可分为:宝塔组Hamarodus brevirameus生物带和Amorphognathus superbus生物带;大田坝组的Baltoniodus alobatus,Baltoniodus variabilis和Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis生物带;牯牛潭组的Yangtzeplacognathus crassus生物带和Lenodus variabilis生物带。其中Hamarodus brevirameus生物带至Baltoniodus alobatus生物带上部为凯迪阶,B.alobatus生物带下部至Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis生物带上部为桑比阶(Sandbian),而Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis生物带下部,Yangtzeplacognathus crassus生物带和Lenodus variabilis生物带归入达瑞威尔阶。根据文中所识别的牙形刺序列,该剖面显然缺失了达瑞威尔阶中上部的牙形刺生物带如Pygodus serra生物带(即Yangtzeplacognathus protoramosus和Y.foliaceus生物带),Eoplacognathus suecicus和Dzikodus tablepointensis生物带。因此,在重庆石柱漆辽剖面奥陶系牯牛潭组和大田坝组之间的地层是不连续的,存在一明显的沉积间断,缺失了相当于牯牛潭组标准剖面中上部的地层(达瑞威尔阶中上部)。而这一沉积间断所发生的时间正好与达瑞威尔中晚期全球海平面下降相吻合。     

湖北利川早三叠世牙形刺

本文列述了湖北利川地区早三叠世牙形刺15属44种(其中有10新种和1新亚种),建立了7个牙形刺组合带,同时对本区牙形刺动物群的生态简单地作了说明。剖面位于湖北省利川县谋道区上磁公社核桃园,自上而下为: 下三叠统嘉陵江组(Tc):第三段—第二段(Tc~(3+2)):灰色中薄层灰岩、白云岩、角砾白云岩和溶塌角砾岩。含Pachycladina gondola和Neospathodus homeri,但以后者为主。厚384.19米第一段(Tc~1):灰色薄至厚层状灰岩,具泥纹、泥质条带灰岩。牙形刺数量多,种类也     

安徽石台奥陶纪弗洛期—大坪期牙形刺多样性的演变

基于安徽石台栗阳柳树亭下、中奥陶统紫台组牙形刺的系统研究,对该地区早奥陶世弗洛期一中奥陶世大坪期牙形刺多样性演变作了初步分析,发现牙形刺的简单分异度在弗洛晚期Oepikodusevae带达到峰值,有17属20种。之后,牙形刺分异度呈下降趋势。演变的总体趋势与湖北宜昌地区同期牙形刺的研究结果一致,其峰值出现的时间（Oepikodusevae带,相当于笔石Didymograptellus eobifidus带上部,Corymbograptusdeflexus带,及Azygograptussuecicus带下部）与华南上扬子区腕足动物宏演化趋势（首次峰值出现在Didymograptelluseob—ifidus带）大体相似,但比三叶虫多样性演变在奥陶纪的首次峰值（出现在Exigraptus clavus带）早,比扬子台地笔石多样性演变的首次峰值（在Acrograptusfiliformis带和Didymograptelluseobifidus带下部）晚。分析显示,该地区早、中奥陶世牙形刺多样性演变与海平面变化存在密切关联。     

湖北宜昌陈家河下、中奥陶统大湾组腕足动物多样性演变

在对宜昌陈家河大湾组(Arenig期)腕足动物化石进行逐层统计和详细研究的基础上,以笔石带为单位讨论腕足动物分类单元多样性的变化,发现该地区腕足动物属级分异度在Corymbograptellus deflexus带达到首次峰值,比上扬子区处于正常浅海底域地区(如贵州桐梓、沿河一带)的腕足动物宏演化趋势(在Didymograptelluseobifidus带达到首次峰值)晚了一个笔石带的时限,辐射主要缘于Sinorthis群落在本地区的出现和极度繁盛。华南早、中奥陶世腕足动物的辐射中心在相对近岸的上扬子区(特别是处于正常浅海底域的贵州桐梓一带)。     

The oldest known occurrence of the Foliomena fauna in the uppermost Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) of South China

The oldest Foliomena fauna was, until now, known from the middle–upper Miaopo Formation (Nemagraptus gracilis Biozone, lower Sandbian, basal Upper Ordovician) of South China. In this study, the oldest record of the fauna is set back to the latest Darriwilian (upper Hustedograptus teretiusculus Biozone), represented by Foliomena jielingensis and some typical constituents of the Foliomena fauna from the basal Miaopo Formation at Jieling, northern Yichang, western Hubei Province, central China. The Miaopo Formation is characterized by its organic‐rich dark‐grey shale facies, unique in its localized distribution on the Yangtze Platform, and distinguished by its rich and diverse benthic and graptolitic faunas. This suggests an origin of the Foliomena fauna in periodically oxygen‐starved local depressions on the Yangtze Platform during the Middle–Late Ordovician transition.     

新疆乌什下寒武统肖尔布拉克组软舌螺化石

首次描述了采自新疆乌什县乌什磷矿肖尔布拉克组中部Kepingaspis-Tianshanocephalus带中的2个软舌螺新种Conotheca xinjiangensis sp.nov.,Nitorcornus wushiensis sp.nov.和下部Ushbaspis带中的1个软舌螺未定种Adyshevitheca?sp.。这些软舌螺化石材料为研究新疆乌什地区下寒武统中部地层与邻区相当层位的对比提供了新的证据,认为肖尔布拉克组中部2个三叶虫化石带和其中的软舌螺化石相当于我国扬子地台下寒武统沧浪铺阶中部,即乌龙箐亚阶和红井哨亚阶之间,可与俄罗斯西伯利亚和哈萨克斯坦下寒武统波特姆阶(Botomian)中的三叶虫带Ushbaspis和软舌螺带Erraticornus-Nitorcornus带对比。     

Middle and Upper Cambrian Protoconodonts and Paraconodonts from Hunan, South China

More than 4200 kg of limestone, representing 980 productive samples, from the upper Middle Cambrian, Upper Cambrian, and lowermost Ordovician in western and north-western Hunan were processed for paraconodonts, protoconodonts, and euconodonts. The focus of the present paper is on the upper Middle and lower Upper Cambrian interval as it is developed at two, apparently stratigraphically continuous, key sections. The collections studied, which include more than 20,000 specimens and are quite diverse taxonomically, prove that some protoconodonts and paraconodonts are useful biostratigraphically. Previously proposed protoconodont-paraconodont biozones in Hunan are revised and correlated with recently revised trilobite biozones, as well as with protoconodont-paraconodont and trilobite biozones in North China. Twenty-six species and seven conditionally identified species belonging to 13 genera are described. Among these, two genera ( Huayuanodontus and Yongshunella ) and two species ( Westergaardodina elegans and Yongshunella polymorpha ) are new. This study has special interest for Cambrian biostratigraphy because the two studied sections are global stratotype candidates for the Middle-Upper Cambrian series boundary. The level of the Upper-Middle Cambrian Series boundary, as currently recognized in China (at the base of the Linguagnostus reconditus Trilobite Biozone) is well marked in the paraconodont succession and can be traced into the Swedish standard succession using these fossils. By contrast, another level recently proposed as a potential global Middle-Upper Cambrian Series boundary level, the base of the Glyptagnostus reticulatus Trilobite Biozone, does not coincide with any marked change in the Hunan conodont species succession useful for local and regional correlation.     

Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy of the Willara Formation in the Canning Basin,Western Australia

The conodont fauna from the Willara Formation, a carbonate-dominated stratigraphic unit widely distributed in the subsurface Canning Basin of Western Australia, is represented by 41 species, including a new species, Erraticodon neopatu Zhen n. sp. The Jumudontus gananda and Histiodella altifrons biozones are recognized in the lower and upper parts, respectively, of the Willara Formation. Deposited primarily in shallow nearshore settings, the Willara Formation is characterized by the occurrence of predominantly long-range coniform species of Triangulodus, Scalpellodus, Drepanoistodus, Drepanodus, and Kirkupodus. Several widely distributed age-diagnostic species, including Histiodella altifrons, Histiodella holodentata, Histiodella serrata, and Jumudontus gananda, serve as keys for biostratigraphic analysis and correlation. Our study also shows that the basal and top boundaries of the Willara Formation are diachronous across the basin, extending from the middle Floian (Oepikodus communis Biozone) to middle Darriwilian (Histiodella holodentata-Eoplacognathus pseudoplanus Biozone). This contribution provides crucial new biostratigraphic data for precise correlation of the Willara Formation with its time equivalents regionally and internationally.     

Chitinozoan biostratigraphy of the basal Wenlock Series (Silurian) Global Stratotype Section and Point

Diverse and abundant assemblages of chitinozoans allow the recognition of the upper part of the Margachitina margaritana Biozone in the uppermost Llandovery and lowermost Wenlock series of the Hughley Brook section. The Cingulochitina bouniensis and Salopochitina bella biozones are identified in the lower part of the Buildwas Formation, Wenlock Series. The chitinozoan data indicate that the base of the Wenlock Series most probably correlates with a level in the upper centrifugus or lower murchisoni graptolite biozones. Chitinozoans also indicate that the base of the riccartonensis graptolite Biozone may occur within the Buildwas Formation and not the overlying Coalbrookdale Formation.     

湖北宜昌黄花场剖面中/下奥陶统界线附近的牙形剌

重点描述宜昌黄花场剖面中 /下奥陶统界线附近的重要牙形剌共 3属、5种和 2新种Bergstroe mognathussp .nov .,BaltoniodustetrachotomusLiandWangsp .nov .,并对Oepikodusevae带和Baltoniodustriangu laris带分子的首现位置及带的含义进行厘定。作者还在此剖面大湾组下段发现北美中大陆区暖水型牙形剌Tripoduslaevis和Protoprioniodusaranda ,并确定Tripoduslaevis的首现位置在Baltoniodustriangularis带底界之上 0 .3m处。Tripoduslaevis的首次出现曾提议为中奥陶统的底界的标志 (见陈旭等 ,2 0 0 0 ) ,在宜昌黄花场剖面上Tripoduslaevis的首现位置接近Baltoniodustriangularis带底界 ,对确定中 /下奥陶统界线很重要。由于在黄花场剖面可识别出Baltonioduscrassulus—B .gladiatus—B .triangularis演化谱系 ,作者建议以B .triangularis的首次出现作为中奥陶统的底界 ,宜昌黄花场剖面为中 /下奥陶统界线的层型剖面。同时 ,文中将本区的牙形刺带与世界其它地区作了对比。