Total Phenols and Flavonoids in Germinated Barley Using Different Solvents

Sprouts are a source of secondary metabolites as phenolic compounds. Germination and the use of solvents can affect their content. The aim of this work was to identify the total content of phenols and flavonoids in ungerminated and germinated (3, 5, and 7 days) Esmeralda and Perla barley. Different solvents (water, 50 % acetone, 80 % methanol, 80 % ethanol) were used to recover total phenols and flavonoids. The 7-day germination proved to be ideal for total phenol and flavonoid obtention from Esmeralda barley and the highest total phenol and flavonoid content in Perla variety was observed at 5 and 7 days of germination, respectively. Methanol and ethanol (80 %) yielded the highest extraction percentage of total phenols; 50 % acetone recovered the highest flavonoid concentrations in Esmeralda barley and 80 % methanol in Perla barley. The highest total phenol concentration was obtained from Perla samples at 13.60 mg GAE/g, and the highest total flavonoids were observed in Esmeralda barley at 1.73 mg QE/g. A high correlation was found between the concentration of phenols (0.995) and total flavonoids (0.780) with the radicle size in the Esmeralda samples.     

AB-8大孔树脂纯化欧洲鳞毛蕨总黄酮的研究

目的:对AB-8大孔吸附树脂对欧洲鳞毛蕨总黄酮的纯化工艺条件进行了系统的研究。方法:采用静态和动态的吸附-解吸实验,利用紫外可见分光光度计测量欧洲鳞毛蕨总黄酮的含量,研究不同的工艺条件对总黄酮纯化的影响。结果:AB-8大孔树脂对欧洲鳞毛蕨总黄酮的饱和吸附量是25.53mg/g,洗脱率达到98.3%,提取液的pH值对树脂的吸附能力有很大的影响,当pH值为4.08(原液pH值)时树脂吸附能力达到最大。采用0.5mg/mL流速上样,1.2BV 30%和1BV 50%乙醇1.0 mg/mL流速洗脱可较好的分离纯化欧洲鳞毛蕨总黄酮。结论:AB-8大孔树脂是欧洲鳞毛蕨总黄酮纯化的理想吸附剂。     

聚酰胺树脂纯化竹壳类黄酮工艺的研究

采用聚酰胺吸附树脂对竹笋壳黄酮类化合物分离纯化,确定了聚酰胺吸附树脂对竹笋壳黄酮分离纯化的最佳工艺条件:制备5mg/mL的竹笋壳黄酮提取液90mL,调节pH=5,用1.8mL/min的流速上样后,用160mL的去离子水冲洗大量杂质,随后用120mL的60%乙醇溶液洗脱120mL。在此条件下,竹笋壳黄酮的纯度为58.4%,与大孔树脂纯化方法相比,该方法更具有良好的分离纯化效果。     

大孔树脂分离纯化辣椒叶总黄酮的工艺研究

目的:筛选适合分离纯化辣椒叶总黄酮的一种大孔树脂,同时用响应面法进行优化得到最佳纯化工艺。方法:采用热回流法提取辣椒叶总黄酮,以吸附率和解吸率为考察指标,考察6种不同型号的大孔树脂(HPD100、HPD450、HPD600、HPD826、D101、AB-8)对辣椒叶总黄酮的吸附能力与解吸能力,确定最佳树脂。通过动态吸附解吸实验考察此树脂对辣椒叶总黄酮的最佳分离纯化工艺。结果:通过对辣椒叶总黄酮吸附分离性能的分析显示HPD600为最佳树脂,最优工艺为:上样浓度为10 mg/mL,上样量为10 mL,洗脱体积为4 BV,洗脱液流速为4 mL/min,洗脱液pH为7,依次用水、10%、30%乙醇冲洗树脂柱,50%乙醇为洗脱液。纯化后的黄酮纯度435.4 mg/g。结论:该方法简便,操作简单,对辣椒叶总黄酮的纯化效果较好。     

大孔吸附树脂吸附链霉菌702抗真菌活性物质工艺

研究大孔吸附树脂吸附链霉菌702抗真菌活性物质的工艺条件。采用5种不同大孔吸附树脂吸附链霉菌702发酵液提取液中抗真菌活性物质,选择吸附效果较佳树脂进行吸附条件优化,以桔青霉为指示菌,纳他霉素为对照抗生素．采用“管碟法”测定抗真菌活性物质含量。结果发现,XAD18树脂吸附效果较好,获得优化吸附条件：上样液pH6,NaCl质量浓度10g/L,上样量22．63mg／g湿树脂,吸附流速2．5mL／min,水洗体积180mL,洗脱流速1．5mL／min,洗脱剂为体积分数10％、50％和90％的甲醇,洗脱方式为梯度洗脱。在确定的工艺条件下XAD18对链霉菌702抗真菌活性物质的吸附率可达90％,洗脱率可达75％,回收率可达80％。     

AB-8大孔树脂吸附分离红花桑寄生总黄酮的影响因子研究

AB-8大孔吸附树脂对红花桑寄生总黄酮静态吸附和动态洗脱的效果,受提取液质量浓度、pH值及环境温度、振速以及洗脱剂乙醇浓度、流速等因素影响。试验表明,提取液质量浓度和pH值对AB-8树脂的吸附效果有显著影响,其吸附分离总黄酮的工艺条件为:浓度为1.2~2.0 mg/ml、pH 3.0~4.0的红花桑寄生提取液,置于摇床上,于室温条件下振荡(振速160 r/min)吸附2~3 h,然后用5倍于树脂体积(5BV)的50%乙醇以1.5 ml/min流速进行柱上动态解吸。AB-8树脂对红花桑寄生总黄酮的饱和吸附量可达29.0 mg/g,动态洗脱率达95.0%,获得产品中黄酮纯度为46.0%,得率为5.5%。     

双水相系统纯化山楂叶中黄酮类物质的研究

应用水、乙醇和硫酸铵三者形成双水相系统,并利用黄酮在乙醇中的溶解度要大于水中的溶解度,以脱除其中一些易溶于水和在高浓度乙醇中溶解度低的物质。尝试了不同盐、不同体积比的乙醇和水、以及盐加入量对分相的影响并测定了其在不同情况下的纯化效果。发现在硫酸铵中的分相情况最好,在加入量到2．5g时既可以达到分相完全。并测定：（1）在5mL乙醇＋5mL水＋5g硫酸铵＋0．15g粗体物（粗体物中黄酮的百分含量为25％）的双水相中,黄酮类物质的回收率为89．2％,而黄酮百分含量提升为47．6％;（2）在4mL乙醇＋5mL水＋5g硫酸铵＋0．15g粗体物（粗体物中黄酮的百分含量为25％）的双水相中,黄酮类物质的回收率为81．9％,而黄酮含量提升为50．9％。水、乙醇和硫酸铵三者形成双水相系统应用于山楂叶中黄酮类物质的纯化在文献中少有报道,而本文应用此法可以将黄酮含量从25％提升到将近47．6％,并且回收率为89％。     

赶黄草总黄酮树脂精制工艺与检测方法

本研究以总黄酮吸附量和解析率为检测指标,结合动态洗脱考察结果,考察11种树脂对赶黄草总黄酮的富集精制能力。优化树脂类型,选定了对总黄酮进行富集纯化较好的树脂HPD450;采用单因素及正交实验,确定最佳工艺条件:上样量10 mL,以6 mL/min的流速8 BV水、6 BV 80%甲醇溶液洗脱,pH值为6~7。以此方法得到90%以上的赶黄草总黄酮,实验结果良好,总黄酮精制工艺成效显著。用HPLC法精确测定赶黄草中槲皮苷、PGHG和ThA三个指标性黄酮成分,最佳色谱条件为:C18色谱柱,检测波长280 nm,进样量5μL,流动相:乙腈-0.05%磷酸溶液(0~25 min:12%~45%乙腈;25~40 min:45%~70%乙腈)梯度洗脱;精确测定赶黄草全草中3种黄酮成分的含量。采用分光光度法检测,指导优化总黄酮精制工艺,并以HPLC法精确测定三种黄酮代表成分。比较两种方法测定结果相一致,互为补充;故在工业生产时,可以分光光度法指导生产,以HPLC法精确定量测定。     

A Prospective of Multiple Biopharmaceutical Activities of Procyanidins-Rich Uapaca togoensis Pax Extracts: HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS Coupled with Bioinformatics Analysis

The article reports the chemical composition, antioxidant, six key enzymes inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of two solvent extracts (water and methanol) of leaves and stem bark of Uapaca togoensis. For chemical composition, methanol extract of stem bark exhibited significant higher total phenolic (129.86 mg GAE/g) and flavanol (10.44 mg CE/g) contents. Methanol extract of leaves and water extract of stem bark showed high flavonoids (20.94 mg RE/g) and phenolic acid (90.40 mg CAE/g) content, respectively. In addition, HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS analysis revealed that U. togoensis was rich in procyanidins. The methanol and water extracts of stem bark had overall superior antioxidant activity; however, only methanol extract of stem bark showed higher inhibition of cholinesterase (AChE: 2.57 mg GALAE/g; BChE: 4.69 mg GALAE/g), tyrosinase (69.53 mg KAE/g) and elastase (2.73 mmol CE/g). Potent metal chelating ability was showed by water extract of leaves (18.94 mg EDTAE/g), higher inhibition of amylase was detected for water extracts of leaves (0.94 mmol ACAE/g) and stem bark (0.92 mmol ACAE/g). The tested extracts have shown wide-spectrum antibacterial properties and these effects have shown to be more effective against Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium funiculosum, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results revealed that the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and antimicrobial activities depended on the extraction solvents and the parts of plant. Bioinformatics analysis on the 17 major compounds showed modulation of pathway associated with cancer. In brief, U. togoensis might be valuable as potential source of natural agents for therapeutic application.     

大孔树脂吸附法分离海金沙总黄酮的研究

用大孔树脂吸附法分离海金沙中的总黄酮,考查了解吸剂浓度、吸附固液比(g/mL)、吸附温度和吸附时间对海金沙总黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明:用70%乙醇作解吸剂,在吸附固液比为1∶6(g/mL),50℃温度下吸附90 min,总黄酮提取率为1.81%。     

HZ-841吸附树脂精制银杏叶总黄酮

本文研究了用HZ-841吸附树脂精制银杏叶总黄酮的工艺。用10 BV 70％的乙醇分三次提取脱脂银杏叶粉中的银杏叶总黄酮,其收得率为4．8％,纯度为21．7％;用30BV纯净水、微波解冻提取30min,银杏叶总黄酮的收得率及纯度分别是2．63％和13．4％。HZ-841树脂对银杏叶总黄酮的动态吸附容量在pH=7．0时为0．265g／mL,树脂,动态吸附平衡时间为10min。酸度对HZ-841树脂吸附银杏叶总黄酮有显著影响,当pH=5．0时,其静态吸附量可达到0．322g／mL。吸附了银杏叶总黄酮的HZ-841树脂可用乙醇洗脱,当洗脱液pH=9．0、乙醇浓度为90％、洗脱流速3BV／h时,5BV洗脱液的收得率为1．8％。用无水乙醇洗脱的银杏叶总黄酮经过真空浓缩、干燥,获得的浅黄色粉末中银杏叶总黄酮含量为37．3％,产品收得率为2．41％。     

Phytogenic compounds from avocado (Persea americana L.) extracts; antioxidant activity,amylase inhibitory activity,therapeutic potential of type 2 diabetes

Diabetes is a worldwide public health disease. Currently, the most effective way to treat diabetes is to mitigate postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes in the digestive system. Plant extracts are rich in bioactive compounds, which can be used in diabetes treatment. This study aims to evaluate the polyphenols content in ethanolic extracts of avocado fruit and leaves (Persea americana Mill.). Additionally, their antioxidant activity using DPPH, while the inhibition ability of α-amylase was examined by reacting different amounts of the extracts with α-amylase compared to acarbose as standard inhibitor. The active compounds were detected in the extracts by LC/MS. The obtained results showed that the leaf extract recorded a significant content of total phenolic compounds compared to the fruit extract (178.95 and 145.7 mg GAE /g dry weight, respectively). The total flavonoid values ??ranged from 32.5 to 70.08 mg QE/g dry weight of fruit and leaves extracts, respectively. Twenty-six phytogenic compounds were detected in leaf and fruit extract by LC/MS. These compounds belong to fatty acids, sterols, triterpenes, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. The antioxidant activity of the extracts is due to the exist of phytogenic compounds, i.e., polyphenols and flavonoids. The antioxidant activity increased in a concentration dependant manner. Avocado fruit extract (1000 µg/mL) scavenged 95% of DPP? while leaf extract rummaged 91.03% of free radicals compared with Vit C and BHT. Additionally, higher α-amylase inhibitory activity was observed in fruit extract than the leaf extract, where the fruit and leaf extract (1000 μg/ml) inhibited the enzyme by 92.13% and 88.95%, respectively. The obtained results showed that the ethanolic extracts of avocado could have a significant impact on human health due to their high content of polyphenols.     

红花桑寄生叶提取物的抗氧化活性及酚类物质分析

采用DPPH法、TEAC法、FRAP法对红花桑寄生叶不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性进行体外评价,并测定其总酚、总黄酮含量。结果表明,溶剂种类对红花桑寄生叶提取物的得率、总酚、总黄酮及抗氧化活性影响显著。在3种评价方法中,不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性均表现出不同程度的量效依赖关系。3种溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性强弱依次为丙酮提取物 >甲醇提取物 >水提取物,其中80%丙酮提取物(总酚含量最高,达276.83mg/g)抗氧化活性最强,清除DPPH自由基能力EC₅₀值为0.247,FRAP值(FeSO₄ mmol/100g)为115.81,浓度为1.0mg/ml时,TEAC值为2.04。     

Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts of Maytenus emarginata

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a metabolic side product of oxidative stress process, which causes several diseases like atherosclerosis, cancer, etc. In defense of ROS, antioxidants play a key role in combating them. As the process of aging increases, the level of antioxidants in our body decreases and thereby needs utmost attention for its repair process, which is generally administered externally. Plant products serve a best source for controlling these activities by its own metabolic pathway. Studies on the antioxidant activities of Maytenus emarginata leaf extracts are lacking. Antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Maytenus emarginata was determined by DPPH free radical nitric oxide scavenging assays, superoxide ion scavenging assays, ABTS, and iron chelating methods. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that the extract of Maytenus emarginata leaves possesses phenols, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids. The extract showed significant activities in all antioxidant assays compared to the standard antioxidant (ascorbic acid) in a dose-dependent manner, and remarkable activities to scavenge ROS may be attributed by the presence of the above active compounds in the leaves. The amount of total phenolics and flavonoid contents were also estimated. The DPPH, ABTS, Nitric oxide, superoxide, and iron chelating IC(50) values of the methanolic extracts were 12.44, 24.27, 22.41, 5.85, and 2.74?μg/mL, respectively. The total phenolic content of the methanolic extract was 10.69?mg CA/g, whereas the total flavonoid was 1.56?mg CAE/g. The antioxidant activities were correlated with the total phenolic content. This result suggests that the relatively high antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract compared to standard could be possibly be due to its high phenolic content.     

大孔吸附树脂柱层析分离淫羊藿甙的研究

本文通过考察八种大孔吸附树脂对淫羊藿甙的吸附分离性能,筛选出了AB-8树脂作为分离纯化淫羊藿甙的介质。对该树脂的吸附性能研究表明其对浸提物中的淫羊藿甙有良好的吸附选择性,静态饱和吸附容量和动态吸附容量分别为22．97和16．20mg／mL。通过柱层析实验确定了AB-8树脂分离淫羊藿甙的工艺,经一步层析可将淫羊藿甙的纯度从2．78％提高到27％,回收率达97．3％。     

Silene vulgaris subsp. macrocarpa leaves and roots from Morocco: assessment of the efficiency of different extraction techniques and solvents on their antioxidant capacity,brine shrimp toxicity and phenolic characterization

Abstract

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of various solvents and techniques on the extractability of antioxidant compounds, particularly phenolics, from leaves and roots of Silene vulgaris subsp. macrocarpa grown wild in Morocco. Maceration and hot extraction with methanol or water and Soxhlet ethanol extraction were utilized. Aimed at establishing the potential safety of the extracts, Artemia salina lethality bioassay was performed. All the extracts were found to be non-toxic, except for the leaf Soxhlet ethanol. The antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated in vitro by DPPH, reducing power, and ferrous ions chelating activity assays. The leaf extracts displayed noticeable radical scavenging and chelating activities, and maceration with methanol (Mac-MeOH) resulted the most suitable extraction method for an effective recovery of antioxidants; further, the root Mac-MeOH extract demonstrated good chelating properties (IC₅₀ = 335.49?±?0.70?µg/mL). Thus, leaf and root Mac-MeOH extracts were subjected to phytochemical investigations. The total phenolic, flavonoid and condensed tannin content was determined spectrophotometrically. Thirteen polyphenolic compounds were positively identified, by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS, in the leaf extract for the first time, with p-coumaric acid derivatives being the most abundant ones (81%), whereas only catechin and procyanidin B1 were found in the root extract.     

响应面法优化树脂吸附红枣黄酮工艺研究

以红枣为原料提取红枣黄酮,通过吸附树脂的筛选,探讨树脂吸附的溶液浓度、pH值、吸附时间、吸附液体积对树脂吸附条件的影响。利用Box-Behnken中心组合设计原理,应用响应曲面分析方法,确定了大孔吸附树脂对红枣黄酮最佳吸附条件为:最佳吸附树脂为XDA-8,吸附时间62 min,吸附液浓度为4.3 mg/L,pH值为7.32,吸附液体积为10 mL,最大吸附效率达到85.64%,优化后得实际吸附率为85.51%。     

Recovery of ganoderic acids from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ganoderma lucidum</Emphasis> mycelia by macroporous adsorption resins

In this work, the performance and adsorption characteristics of macroporous resins for the recovery and enrichment of ganoderic acid (GA)-Mk and GA-T from Ganoderma lucidum mycelia were systematically evaluated. ADS-8 resin displayed the best adsorption and desorption capacities among the tested resins based on batch experiments. The interaction between solute and ADS-8 resin at different temperatures was described in terms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the equilibrium experimental data were well fitted to the two isotherms. Thermodynamic analysis indicated the exothermic and spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. The adsorption capacity of ADS-8 resin was found to depend strongly on the pH value of the initial solution. Dynamic adsorption and desorption tests were performed on an ADS-8 resin-packed column to obtain optimal parameters for recovering GA-Mk and GAT from G. lucidum extract. Under optimized conditions, a laboratory scale-up preparation of GA-Mk and GA-T was carried out. The contents of GA-Mk and GA-T were increased from 45 to 22 mg/g in the crude extract to 352 and 141 mg/g in the final product with recovery yields of 90.1 and 72.2%, respectively. These results demonstrated that ADS-8 resin chromatography could act as a useful approach for obtaining ganoderic acids from G. lucidum mycelia.     

Selective recovery of Zn2+ from waste slag from a metal-processing plant by the microscopic fungus Verticillium marquandii

The successful use of hay extract medium for growth of Verticillium marquandii in the presence of toxic black slag, resulted in selective and efficient Zn²⁺ recovery. An alkaline black waste slag originating from short rotary furnace, contained Zn²⁺ and Pb²⁺ (20% and 3.5%, respectively) in a form of compounds only slightly soluble in water. After 90 h of the culturing in bioreactor on hay extract medium with starch (50 g l^–1) and black waste (5 g l^–1) supplements, 80% of zinc and 0.5% of lead were bound by the mycelium. The pH value of the culture medium played a crucial role for limitation of the waste inhibitory effect on mycelium growth and for heavy metal recovery by the fungus.     

加工因素对橄榄叶提取物抗氧化活性的影响

研究在橄榄叶加工过程中,加工因素对橄榄叶提取物中抗氧化活性的影响,这些因素包括:(1)干燥方式(微波炉干燥,烘箱干燥,低温冷冻干燥和熏蒸及烘箱结合干燥);(2)提取方式(超声波提取和搅拌式提取);(3)提取溶剂的酸度(pH 4、7、10).实验将总多酚含量和清除自由基活性作为衡量提取物抗氧化有效成分和活性的指标.研究结果表明,通过低温冷冻干燥、调节pH至4和采用超声波提取的方式,橄榄叶提取物中的抗氧化有效成分最多.本研究对橄榄叶等天然植物中抗氧化成分提取工艺的制定具有参考价值.