ERIC-PCR指纹图谱技术分析糖尿病小鼠肠道细菌群落变化

目的通过比较1型糖尿病模型组和空白对照组雄性小鼠肠道菌群结构的变化,探索糖尿病造模与肠道菌群的关系。方法收集造模2周后空白对照组(n=5)、STZ造模成功组(n=5)和造模不成功组(n=3)ICR小鼠的新鲜粪便样品,提取粪便样品的总DNA,ERIC-PCR扩增形成DNA指纹图谱,借助多变量统计分析方法研究各组样品肠道菌群结构上的异同。结果ERIC-PCR指纹图谱结合偏最小二乘法(PLS-DA)分析表明造模成功组和造模不成功组小鼠的肠道菌群结构显著区别于空白对照组,而造模不成功组小鼠的肠道菌群结构与造模成功组仍有一定的区别。结论STZ诱导的1型糖尿病会造成小鼠的肠道菌群结构的变化,而部分小鼠造模失败可能与这些小鼠的肠道菌群结构有关。     

ERIC-PCR分子杂交技术分析大熊猫肠道菌群结构

目的了解大熊猫肠道微生物区系结构的相似性和稳定性,并找出大熊猫肠道微生物群落结构的变化与健康状况的关系。方法对上海动物园及上海野生动物园所饲养的3只大熊猫2次采集的粪便样品进行微生物群落总DNA的抽提,并以此为模板获得反映肠道微生物群落结构特征的ERIC—PCR和Southern杂交指纹图谱,比较各DNA样品指纹图谱的相似性指数。结果除国庆(大熊猫)的第1次采集的样品(当时处于腹泻状态),其他各DNA样品的ERIC-PCR及Southern杂交指纹图谱的相似性都达到85％～100％;佳斯及川川(大熊猫)2个个体2次采集的样品之间ERIC指纹图谱的相似性分别为93％和87％,而国庆腹泻时的样品与健康时的样品之间则为71％。结论大熊猫不同个体之间肠道微生物群落结构比较相似,而且同一个体在不同时期表现出比较高的稳定性,但当个体的健康出现问题时肠道优势菌菌群结构有一定波动。所采用的DNA提取方法、ERIC—PCR和Southern杂交指纹图谱的高度重复性证明了之一分子生态学技术在大熊猫肠道微生物区系动态监测中的可行性。     

基于ERIC-PCR指纹图谱技术的小鼠肠道菌群失调分析方法的建立

目的采用常规菌群分析方法和ERIC-PCR技术对正常小鼠和抗生素相关性腹泻小鼠模型分别进行肠道菌群检测,结合细菌培养和DNA指纹图谱检测结果分析小鼠肠道内主导菌群数量和种类的改变情况,建立利用ERIC-PCR技术分析小鼠肠道菌群失调的检测方法。方法先利用常规菌群分析方法鉴定正常小鼠和抗生素相关性腹泻小鼠的菌群状况,再提取其基因组DNA,最后以肠杆菌科基因间重复序列(ERIC)为模板,利用ERIC-PCR方法获得正常小鼠和模型小鼠的肠道菌群指纹图谱,与常规菌群分析结果作比较,验证ERIC-PCR技术的准确性。结果常规菌群分析结果表明四种优势菌群在数量上出现明显的变化,证实造模成功。经ERIC-PCR技术成功获得两组小鼠粪便基因组DNA图谱,两组间呈现具有一定对比性的特异性指纹图谱。结论从小鼠粪便基因组经ERIC-PCR后的图谱中特异性条带的分布、数目和亮度来看,能说明肠道菌群的分布状况存在明显差异,结合常规菌群分析方法作对比,说明ERIC-PCR技术是一种分析小鼠肠道菌群失调高效快捷的检测方法。     

健康儿童与轮状病毒感染儿童肠道菌群结构的比较研究

目的比较分析轮状病毒感染个体与健康个体肠道菌群结构的差异。方法采集11例轮状病毒感染个体及6例健康个体的粪便样品,提取粪便样品中细菌的混合DNA,先通过ERIC-PCR结合分子杂交的技术分析两组个体之间肠道微生物组成的相似性;再扩增粪便样品中菌群的16SrRNA基因,利用PCR—TGGE技术分析肠道菌群的组成情况。结果轮状病毒感染个体与健康个体相比,肠道菌群中GC含量较低的菌明显减少,同时肠道菌群有宿主专一性。结论轮状病毒感染会导致儿童肠道内菌群结构失调。     

腹泻儿童肠道菌群结构特征的ERIC-PCR指纹图分析

目的 :了解以粪检有无白细胞区分的两类腹泻儿童肠道菌群结构的特征及其与健康儿童的差别。方法 :提取健康儿童 (H)、临床门诊粪检无白细胞的腹泻儿童 (L )和粪检有白细胞的腹泻儿童 (L +)(各 11例 )粪便总DNA作模板 ,获得反映肠道菌群组成特征的ERIC PCR指纹图谱。结果 :以H、L 和L +为序 ,每类样品以独特的ERIC条带为代表的操作分类单元 (OTU)的总数分别为 5 4∶4 7∶2 6 ;每类样品ER IC图谱多样性指数范围分别为 :2 4 5± 0 14 ,2 11± 0 18和 1 76± 0 19。组内成对相似性系数累积曲线分析 :小于 0 6的CS 值在L 组占到总Cs值个数的 70 % ,在H组占 5 0 % ,而在L +组只占 30 %。结论 :腹泻儿童肠道的菌群结构多样性降低 ,粪检有白细胞腹泻个体较之粪检无白细胞腹泻个体肠道菌群结构偏离健康个体更远。     

膳食诱导肥胖大鼠模型的肠道菌群结构及其特异分子标识物

目的通过对膳食诱导肥胖（Diet Induced Obesity,DIO）大鼠与健康对照组大鼠的肠道菌群结构的分析比较,寻找造成2组大鼠菌群结构差异的分子标识物,探讨肠道菌群的组成和结构与宿主肥胖之间的关系。方法ERIC—PCR结合Southern-blot得到肠道菌群基因组指纹图谱,利用Southem-blot与多元统计方法（PCA、PLS等）找出差异条带,回收差异条带进行测序,根据序列设计特异性引物,以定量PCR法对结果进行验证。结果ERIC-PCR图谱表明膳食诱导肥胖大鼠在肠道菌群结构上与正常大鼠存在着较大的区别;根据杂交结果找到一段基因组DNA片段为膳食诱导肥胖大鼠组所特有,定量分析表明该DNA片段在2组大鼠间区别明显。结论膳食诱导肥胖大鼠所特有的一段基因组DNA片段可作为肥胖大鼠肠道的特征分子标识物,该标识物有望用于膳食诱导肥胖的机制研究中。     

血液恶性肿瘤患者肠道菌群分析

目的将血液恶性肿瘤患者肠道菌群与健康个体进行比较,观察血液肿瘤患者肠道菌群结构的变化,探讨肠道菌群与血液恶性肿瘤发生发展的联系。方法收集血液恶性肿瘤患者与健康志愿者粪便样品,提取样品中菌群总DNA,然后通过变性凝胶梯度电泳(DGGE)技术分析肠道菌群多样性和差异性。结果血液恶性肿瘤组与健康组肠道菌群的DGGE指纹图谱有明显差异。与正常组相比,患者组肠道大肠埃希菌呈现过度增长趋势,有益菌柔嫩梭菌减少或缺失,某些患者肠道内一些细菌呈现特异性增长,如粪肠球菌、硫磺肠球菌、约氏不动杆菌等。结论与健康对照组相比,血液恶性肿瘤患者肠道菌群结构与多样性发生改变,这可能为血液恶性肿瘤早期抗感染提供实验依据。     

PCR指纹图谱技术分析人体口腔内微生物菌群结构

目的 应用PCR-DGGE指纹图谱技术对人体口腔微生物菌群结构进行系统性研究.方法 对1例健康人唾液周期性采集的样品和8例健康人个体的唾液与牙菌斑采集的样品,进行微生物群落总DNA的抽提.以此为模板扩增16S rRNA V3可变区,产物经DGGE指纹图谱分析其组成结构,并运用UVIBAND/MAP等软件比较所得群落指纹图谱的相似性指数.结果 同一健康人个体不同采样时间的唾液菌群结构相似性系数＞74%,通过对不同健康个体口腔样本的研究,发现同一个体的唾液与牙菌斑菌群结构存在差异（84%～95%）.结论 同一健康个体其唾液微生物菌群在一定时间内基本稳定,仅有微小的变化;唾液与同个体牙菌斑的微生物组成虽然存在差异,但这种差异要明显小于个体间的差异.     

ERIC-PCR和PCR-DGGE技术分析壳聚糖对抗生素引起肠道菌群失调小鼠的影响

目的应用肠杆菌基因间重复共有序列基因扩增(ERIC-PCR)和聚合酶链式反应——变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)分析壳聚糖对抗生素致肠道菌群失调小鼠的影响。方法 SPF级昆明小鼠24只,每组8只,依次分为模型组(N)、壳聚糖高(CS-H)和低浓度组(CS-L),盐酸左氧氟沙星灌胃6d后使用相应药物灌胃24d,收集鼠便,提取粪便细菌DNA,利用ERIC-PCR和PCR-DGGE电泳获得肠道菌群指纹图谱,主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析(UPGMA)研究肠道菌群整体差异,并鉴定优势条带序列。结果 ERIC-PCR表明菌群失调组小鼠肠道中细菌条带减少明显,以300bp左右的条带为特征条带,PCR-DGGE显示屎肠球菌为优势菌型;壳聚糖灌胃小鼠肠道菌群结构组成发生改变,乳酸菌成为优势菌型。结论壳聚糖扶持乳酸菌等益生菌、抑制肠球菌等病原菌的增殖,起到益生元的作用进而调节肠道微生态均衡。     

硒营养状态对大鼠肠道菌群结构及炎症的影响

目的观察硒营养状态对大鼠肠道菌群结构及炎症的影响。方法 24只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组:低硒组、适硒组和补硒组,分别给予低硒饲料、适硒饲料和补硒饲料喂养,持续42d。收集0、21和42d时各组大鼠粪样与血样,对比各组不同时间血清硒水平;分析肠杆菌基因间重复共有序列-聚合酶链反应(ERIC-PCR)指纹图谱,比较肠道菌群多样性指数(H′)、ERIC-PCR指纹图谱条带数及图谱间相似系数(Cs);42d后处死大鼠取十二指肠组织,对比白介素-6 (IL-6)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)mRNA相对表达量。结果 21d、42d时血清硒水平、肠道菌群H′及ERIC-PCR指纹图谱条带数组间比较,补硒组最高、适硒组其次、低硒组最低,每两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(Ps0.05)。组内比较,补硒组上述指标随时间的延长显著升高(P0.05),低硒组显著降低(P0.05),适硒组变化不显著(P0.05);组间Cs累积分布曲线分析,小于0.6的Cs值在低硒组占80.00%,补硒组占65.42%;组内分析,21d时小于0.6的Cs值在补硒组、适硒组、低硒组分别占总Cs个数的78.57%、54.27%和38.79%,42d时小于0.6的Cs值在3组分别占总Cs个数的72.58%、53.47%和36.81%;低硒组IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-αmRNA相对表达量显著高于适硒组和补硒组(P0.05),适硒组与补硒组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论低硒日粮可降低血清硒水平,引起肠道菌群结构失调、降低其多样性,进而引起肠道炎症,适量补充硒可提高血清硒水平,改善肠道菌群结构、丰富其多样性。     

ERIC-PCR fingerprinting-based community DNA hybridization to pinpoint genome-specific fragments as molecular markers to identify and track populations common to healthy human guts

Bacterial populations common to healthy human guts may play important roles in human health. A new strategy for discovering genomic sequences as markers for these bacteria was developed using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)-PCR fingerprinting. Structural features within microbial communities are compared with ERIC-PCR followed by DNA hybridization to identify genomic fragments shared by samples from healthy human individuals. ERIC-PCR profiles of fecal samples from 12 diseased or healthy human and piglet subjects demonstrated stable, unique banding patterns for each individual tested. Sequence homology of DNA fragments in bands of identical size was examined between samples by hybridization under high stringency conditions with DIG-labeled ERIC-PCR products derived from the fecal sample of one healthy child. Comparative analysis of the hybridization profiles with the original agarose fingerprints identified three predominant bands as signatures for populations associated with healthy human guts with sizes of 500, 800 and 1000 bp. Clone library profiling of the three bands produced 17 genome fragments, three of which showed high similarity only with regions of the Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron genome, while the remainder were orphan sequences. Association of these sequences with healthy guts was validated by sequence-selective PCR experiments, which showed that a single fragment was present in all 32 healthy humans and 13 healthy piglets tested. Two fragments were present in the healthy human group and in 18 children with non-infectious diarrhea but not in eight children with infectious diarrhea. Genome fragments identified with this novel strategy may be used as genome-specific markers for dynamic monitoring and sequence-guided isolation of functionally important bacterial populations in complex communities such as human gut microflora.     

基于ERIC-PCR技术研究酪蛋白糖巨肽对小鼠肠道菌群结构的影响

目的了解酪蛋白糖巨肽(CGMP)对小鼠肠道中微生物群落结构及其动态变化的影响。方法采用ER IC-PCR技术分析鉴定在灌胃小鼠CGMP期间其肠道菌群结构的变化情况。在实验的第0、3、5、7、10、15和21天(灌胃停止后1周)分别提取对照组和CGMP组小鼠粪便总DNA,以此为模板进行PCR反应,获得肠道微生物群落的ER IC-PCR指纹图谱。结果小鼠个体在一段时间内微生物群落演替不明显,群落相似性较高。对照组小鼠肠道菌群多样性指数范围为1.75±0.06,CGMP组多样性指数范围为1.89±0.04,二者之间差异有统计学意义。结论小鼠肠道内的微生物群落非常丰富,普遍存在共有的优势菌群,且优势菌群的群落结构较为稳定;CGMP能够显著增加小鼠肠道菌群的多样性;聚类分析结果显示:对照组小鼠个体在不同时间的肠道菌群结构相似性较高,且ER IC-PCR指纹图谱没有明显的规律;CGMP组小鼠个体的ER IC-PCR指纹图谱被明显地分成2个亚族,说明小鼠灌胃CGMP 3~5 d后,其肠道菌群的群落结构开始发生明显变化。     

婴幼儿腹泻患者肠道菌群分布特点研究

目的研究不同年龄段腹泻患儿肠道菌群分布特点,探讨不同年龄腹泻患儿肠道菌群与疾病的关联。方法选取9例符合临床诊断标准的0~1岁婴儿腹泻患者和8例符合临床诊断标准的1~3岁幼儿腹泻患者的粪便样本,同时于健康儿童中随机选取6例粪便样本作为对照,提取各组对象粪便总DNA,采用PCR-DGGE进行菌群多样性与差异性分析。结果 0~1岁腹泻患儿肠道菌群与健康对照组相比,肠道菌群构成差异显著,条件致病菌巴黎链球菌数量显著增加。1~3岁腹泻患儿肠道菌群与健康对照组相比,条件致病菌解没食子酸链球菌、屎肠球菌数量显著增加,长双歧杆菌数量下降。结论婴幼儿腹泻患者肠道菌群的构成与健康对照组相比差异显著,该特点可作为婴幼儿腹泻早期诊断的实验依据。     

The networks of human gut microbe–metabolite associations are different between health and irritable bowel syndrome

The goal of this study was to determine if fecal metabolite and microbiota profiles can serve as biomarkers of human intestinal diseases, and to uncover possible gut microbe–metabolite associations. We employed proton nuclear magnetic resonance to measure fecal metabolites of healthy children and those diagnosed with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Metabolite levels were associated with fecal microbial abundances. Using several ordination techniques, healthy and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) samples could be distinguished based on the metabolite profiles of fecal samples, and such partitioning was congruent with the microbiota-based sample separation. Measurements of individual metabolites indicated that the intestinal environment in IBS-D was characterized by increased proteolysis, incomplete anaerobic fermentation and possible change in methane production. By correlating metabolite levels with abundances of microbial genera, a number of statistically significant metabolite–genus associations were detected in stools of healthy children. No such associations were evident for IBS children. This finding complemented the previously observed reduction in the number of microbe–microbe associations in the distal gut of the same cohort of IBS-D children.     

用ERIC-PCR结合分子杂交监测焦化废水处理系统(A2/O)中微生物群落结构的变化

建立一种不依赖纯培养 ,可以在废水处理工业现场使用的监测微生物群落结构变化的分子技术。以处理焦化工业废水(A2 /O生物膜工艺 )不同构筑物中的悬浮污泥的微生物群落为研究对象 ,每周采样 1次 ,连续 4周。获得悬浮污泥总 DNA的ERIC- PCR指纹图谱 ,结合分子杂交进一步区分相同条带间的不同序列信息。结果表明 ,在缺氧池 (A2池 )和好氧池 (O池 )之间 ,各个采样点的 ERIC- PCR图谱差异不大 ,悬浮污泥在各构筑物之间交流充分 ;同一采样点的图谱在不同采样时期具有明显差异 ,显示了在此期间微生物群落的连续动态变化过程。通过对生物膜系统中悬浮污泥的微生物群落结构的指纹图谱分析 ,可开发出对该系统微生物群落结构动态变化进行检测的技术     

Variations in metabolism of the soy isoflavonoid daidzein by human intestinal microfloras from different individuals

Isoflavonoids found in legumes, such as soybeans, are converted by intestinal bacteria to metabolites that might have increased or decreased estrogenic activity. Variation in the effects of dietary isoflavonoids among individuals has been attributed to differences in their metabolism by intestinal bacteria. To investigate this variation, the metabolism of the isoflavonoid daidzein by bacteria from ten fecal samples, provided at different times by six individuals on soy-containing diets, was compared. After anaerobic incubation of bacteria with daidzein for 2 weeks, four samples had metabolized daidzein and six samples had not. Three of the positive samples were from individuals whose microflora had not metabolized daidzein in previous samples. Dihydrodaidzein was observed in one sample, dihydrodaidzein and equol in another sample, and equol and O-desmethylangolensin in two other samples. These results corroborate the hypothesis that the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of an individual influences the particular isoflavone metabolites produced following consumption.     

Characterization of the Fecal Microbiota Using High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals a Stable Microbial Community during Storage

The handling and treatment of biological samples is critical when characterizing the composition of the intestinal microbiota between different ecological niches or diseases. Specifically, exposure of fecal samples to room temperature or long term storage in deep freezing conditions may alter the composition of the microbiota. Thus, we stored fecal samples at room temperature and monitored the stability of the microbiota over twenty four hours. We also investigated the stability of the microbiota in fecal samples during a six month storage period at −80°C. As the stability of the fecal microbiota may be affected by intestinal disease, we analyzed two healthy controls and two patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We used high-throughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the microbiota in fecal samples stored at room temperature or −80°C at six and seven time points, respectively. The composition of microbial communities in IBS patients and healthy controls were determined and compared using the Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) pipeline. The composition of the microbiota in fecal samples stored for different lengths of time at room temperature or −80°C clustered strongly based on the host each sample originated from. Our data demonstrates that fecal samples exposed to room or deep freezing temperatures for up to twenty four hours and six months, respectively, exhibit a microbial composition and diversity that shares more identity with its host of origin than any other sample.