磁共振胰胆管成像联合增强扫描在壶腹周围病变中的价值

目的探讨磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）在壶腹周围病变中的应用价值。方法采用重T2加权MR水成像技术对63例患者行MRCP检查,图像经三维最大信号强度投影（3DMIP）后处理。结果63例患者中,3例为正常,60例发现不同程度病变,其中肿瘤患者36例（9例肝门区原发性胆管细胞癌、2例肝门转移癌、5例原发性肝癌、4例肝外胆管癌、5例壶腹癌、8例胰头癌、3例十二指肠癌）,灵敏度为93．2％;结石患者16例（6例胆总管结石、6例胆囊结石、4例肝总管结石）,灵敏度为89．5％;炎症患者8例（3例胆管炎、3例胰腺炎、2例十二指肠憩室合并感染）,灵敏度为83．2％。均与病理或临床诊断无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论MRCP可准确显示胆管梗阻部位,明确病变性质,对非梗阻性胆胰疾病,MRCP可显示病变与周围脏器的毗邻关系,但不能脱离MRI平扫和增强,是后者的一种有效补充。     

腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗胆囊及胆总管结石的应用价值.方法:90例胆囊结石合并胆管结石患者按手术方式随机分为腹腔镜胆道探查术组(简称:腹腔镜组)和常规开腹胆道探查T管引流术组(简称:常规开腹组).观察两组手术切口大小、并发症、胃肠道功能恢复时间和平均住院时间等指标.结果:腹腔镜组术后并发症发生率为2.2%,显著低于常规开腹组(15.9%)(P<0.05);腹腔镜组手术切口显著小于常规开腹组(P<0.05);腹腔镜组术后胃肠道功能恢复时间和平均住院时间与对照组比较显著缩短,相比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:应用腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石是一种安全、有效、可行的微创手术方式.     

血清肿瘤标志物联合多层螺旋CT和核磁共振对胆管癌的诊断价值及其与组织侵袭分子的关系分析

目的:探讨血清癌抗原19-9(CA19-9)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、多层螺旋CT和核磁共振(MRI)联合检测对胆管癌的诊断价值,并分析肿瘤标志物与组织侵袭分子的相关性。方法:选择2017年1月至2018年8月赤峰学院附属医院收治的胆管癌患者62例作为胆管癌组,另选择同期我院收治的胆管良性病变患者55例作为胆管良性病变组。比较两组血清CA19-9、CA125水平以及组织侵袭分子含量,观察胆管癌患者和胆管良性病变患者的多层螺旋CT和MRI影像学征象,分析血清CA19-9、CA125、多层螺旋CT和MRI对胆管癌的诊断价值,并分析血清CA19-9、CA125水平与组织侵袭分子含量的相关性。结果:胆管癌组血清CA19-9、CA125水平高于胆总管良性病变组,胆管癌组织赖氨酰氧化酶样蛋白-2(LOXL2)、瞬时受体电位阳离子通道7(TRPM7)含量高于胆总管良性病变组,组织E钙黏素(E-cadherin)含量低于胆总管良性病变组(P0.05)。多层螺旋CT影像学征象:胆管癌可见胆总管、肝管内圆形或类圆形高密度影伴有管壁浸润,胆管内出现不规则结节,肿块与周围组织界限模糊,胆囊管及胆囊颈部浸润,肝叶萎缩,淋巴结肿大等;胆管良性病变则多为圆形或类圆形高密度影,管壁浸润、淋巴结肿大并不多见。MRI影像学征象:胆管癌肝内胆管与肝组织分界不清,肿块呈不规则或分叶状,胆囊增大,肝内外胆管不同程度扩张,胰管扩张,肝叶萎缩,淋巴结肿大;胆管良性病变胆管则多为"杯口状"低信号充盈缺损,胆管梗阻上方出现"鸟嘴样"改变等。血清CA19-9、CA125、多层螺旋CT和MRI联合检测对胆管癌诊断的灵敏度、特异度、准确度均高于CA19-9、CA 125、多层螺旋CT、MRI单独诊断。胆管癌患者血清CA19-9、CA125水平与组织LOXL2、TRPM7含量呈正相关,与组织E-cadherin含量呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:血清CA19-9、CA125、多层螺旋CT和MRI联合检测对胆管癌诊断具有较好的价值,患者血清CA19-9、CA125水平与组织侵袭分子存在相关性,可以为胆管癌恶性程度的评估提供依据。     

肝部分切除治疗肝内胆管结石患者术后并发症及影响因素分析

目的:分析肝部分切除术治疗肝内胆管结石患者术后并发症及影响因素。方法:选取我院收治的肝内胆管结石患者117例,均采取肝部分切除术治疗,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,研究术后并发症的发生情况,并对影响因素进行分析。结果:本组117例患者,并发症发生率35.04%,其中肝功能衰竭1例,胆道出血2例,消化道出血6例,腹腔感染6例,胆瘘6例,胸腔积液8例,切口感染12例。并发症组患者术前白蛋白、手术时间、既往胆道手术史水平与非并发症组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。肝部分切除术后的并发症多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,手术时间、既往胆道手术史均是术后并发症独立风险因素。结论:肝部分切除术治疗肝内胆管结石患者术后并发症发生率较高,以切口感染和胸腔积液为最,患者的既往手术史以及手术时间均是影响并发症发生的重要危险因素,做好针对性预防可预防并发症的发生。     

胆总管结石取石术后复发的临床特征及其危险因素分析

目的:探讨胆总管结石取石术后复发的临床特征并分析其危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2005年1月~2016年7月在我院手术的胆总管结石患者730例的病例资料,其中接受开腹胆道探查取石术550例定义为开腹组,腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术(LCBDE)30例定义为LCBDE组,经内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开取石术(EST)150例定义为EST组,对比三组复发率;按照有无复发分为复发组(n=227)和未复发组(n=503),采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析复发患者的临床特征和危险因素。结果:EST组复发率为38.67%,显著高于LCBDE组的26.67%和开腹组的29.27%(P0.05);单因素分析结果为患者在年龄、HBV感染史、黄疸、总胆红素异常、乳头旁憩室、胆道感染、胆道狭窄、乳头狭窄、Oddis括约肌功能障碍、胆道手术史、胆囊切除、胆总管直径≥15 mm、胆管角≤120°、手术类型、结石数量≥2粒、结石直径≥10 mm、有无胆囊结石具有统计学差异(P0.05);Logistic多因素回归分析结果为患者的年龄、有乳头旁憩室、有胆道手术史、胆总管直径≥15 mm、结石数量≥2粒、手术类型为EST均是胆总管结石取石术后复发的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:胆总管结石取石术后复发的危险因素较多,临床应当根据患者的结石大小、数量及患者体质等综合考虑手术方式,并加强预防措施,力求控制胆总管结石取石术后的复发。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆总管结石行胆管一期缝合的可行性研究

目的:探讨应用腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管切开取石并行一期缝合胆总管的方法治疗胆总管结石病的可行性。方法:采用前瞻性研究方法,将我院2013年6月~2016年6月收治的76例胆总管结石患者随机分成A、B两组,A组给予腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管切开取石后行胆管一期缝合;B组给予腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管切开取石后留置T管引流。比较分析两组术中、术后及并发症情况。结果:胆总管一期缝合组较留置T管组住院时间更短,住院费用更低,且术后出现的并发症几率更小。结论:腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管切开取石后一期缝合胆总管是治疗胆总管结石病的安全可行的方法,既为患者节省了费用又避免留置T管带来的并发症,在合适的适应症下可行此手术方法治疗胆总管结石病。     

胆道镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆总管结石的疗效及预后

目的:观察胆道镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆总管结石的临床疗效以及预后情况,探讨胆道镜联合腹腔镜在胆总管结石治疗中的意义。方法:选择我院收治的胆总管结石患者共106例,根据手术方案分为两组,其中实验组共53例,采取胆道镜联合腹腔镜手术治疗;对照组共53例,给予腹腔镜手术治疗,记录两组的手术相关情况、术后并发症以及住院情况,应用统计学软件对两组数据进行分析。结果:1实验组的手术时间短于对照组,术中出血少于对照组,术后胃肠功能恢复正常时间短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);2实验组住院时间与住院费用均少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);3实验组术后并发症发生率为18.87%,显著低于对照组(35.85%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胆道镜联合腹腔镜能够安全有效的治疗胆总管结石。     

超声引导下肝内胆管置管治疗肝内胆管结石并发梗阻的临床效果观察

目的:探究超声引导下肝内胆管置管治疗肝内胆管结石并发梗阻的临床效果和安全性。方法:选择2014年1月至2018年1月于我院接受治疗的98例肝内胆管结石并发梗阻患者为研究对象,将患者按照入院顺序统一编号后,根据随机数字表法进行分为实验组与对照组,每组各49例患者。对照组患者于常规X线引导下行肝内胆管置管治疗,实验组患者在超声引导下实施肝内胆管置管治疗,对比两组患者穿刺次数、手术时间、术后并发症的发生情况,并对两组患者随访3个月,比较其结石残余率及治疗效果。结果:(1)实验组患者穿刺次数及操作时间均显著少于对照组(P0.05);(2)实验组患者术后各类并发症发生率为4.08%,明显低于对照组(20.41%,P0.05);(3)对照组患者后3个月的结石残余率为14.29%(7/49),实验组为2.04%(1/49),显著低于对照组(P0.05);(4)术后3个月,实验组患者治疗总有效率为97.96%,明显高于对照组(81.63%,P0.05)。结论:与常规X线引导下行肝内胆管置管治疗相比,超声引导下肝内胆管置管在治疗肝内胆管结石并发梗阻中具有较更好的治疗效果和安全性。     

塑料胆道支架引流术治疗复杂性胆总管结石的临床研究

目的:探讨内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)下塑料胆道支架引流术治疗复杂性胆总管结石的临床疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2011年9月至2013年9月在我院经ERCP下胆道支架引流术治疗的32例复杂性胆总管结石患者的临床病例资料。结果:32例患者塑料胆道支架引流术全部成功,平均手术时间15-30分钟。术后,2例发生高淀粉酶血症,经禁食72小时后恢复正常,无穿孔、消化道大出血等ERCP严重并发症发生。术后1周,患者腹痛、发热消失,转氨酶及胆红素水平明显下降,平均住院时间6-15天。3个月复查B超,发现结石缩小19例,结石碎裂1例,支架脱落1例。术后7天、术后3个月的肝功能指标与术前比较均显著改善,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:ERCP下塑料胆道支架引流术是一种复杂性胆总管结石安全有效的治疗方法,具有创伤小、风险较低、操作时间短、患者易耐受及手术成功率高等优点。     

糖尿病合并胆道结石病人围手术期的处理

糖尿病是一种常见的终身性、全身性疾病,发病率高,尤其在胆道疾病病人中糖尿病更为常见。而胆道结石围手术期的处理对减少术后并发症的发生至关重要,现就其围手术期的处理报告如下。1临床资料1·1一般资料本组47例糖尿病合并胆道结石患者,男31例,女16例,年龄28~75岁,平均53·5岁。其中急诊手术6例中,急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎行剖腹探查、胆总管切开取石、“T”管引流术2例,急性化脓性胆囊炎4例;择期手术41例中,胆总管结石行胆总管切开取石、“T”管引流术3例,慢性胆囊炎、胆囊结石行开腹胆囊切除术38例。1·2诊断标准根据WHO1999年糖尿病诊…     

The application of intraoperative ultrasound during partial hepatectomy for the accurate detection and removal of intrahepatic bile duct stones

To evaluate the application of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) during partial hepatectomy to accurately detect and remove intrahepatic bile duct stones. Intrahepatic bile duct stones were precisely localized during surgery by using IOUS. Furthermore, guiding stone extraction, and determining the scope of liver resection and choice of surgical procedures were also evaluated using this technique. Of the 25 patients used in this study, 16 patients received a left lateral liver resection, 7 patients received a left liver resection, 1 patient had a liver resection of segments V and VI, 9 patients had common bile duct stones, and 6 patients had bile duct stones that underwent jejunal Roux-en-y anastomosis. In addition, IOUS exploration after liver resection and post-operative T-tube cholangiography showed one case with residual stones. The use of IOUS showed high diagnostic accuracy, while also rectifying the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of bile stones in preoperative imaging. IOUS also assisted with positioning accuracy, which is very important in determining the extent of surgical resection and choice of surgical procedure. Thus, IOUS can dynamically monitor the surgical procedure, guide the operation, and inspect the outcome of operations, therefore, effectively improving the quality of operation.     

SPECIALTY CONFERENCE: The Treatment of Retained Gallstones

Various techniques are available to evaluate patients suspected of having common duct stones before an operation on the biliary tract. In patients without jaundice, intravenous cholangiography with tomography may provide satisfactory visualization of the biliary system and its contents. Sonography and computerized axial tomography are useful noninvasive methods. Endoscopic retrograde and transhepatic cholangiography are invasive techniques; but, when successful, they provide the most precise preoperative information obtainable about the presence or absence of stones in the biliary system. The most appropriate diagnostic procedures must be carefully selected for each patient. Each year in 3,000 to 4,000 cases, stones are found remaining in the bile ducts after common duct exploration for the removal of stones. Retained stones can be treated by nonoperative extraction, by irrigation techniques and by surgical removal. Extraction methods probably deserve first consideration, if experienced personnel are available. The technique of irrigation of the common bile duct with cholic acid or other solutions, although limited in success, may also be tried; if these procedures fail, then reoperation is indicated.     

The Prevention of Residual Biliary Calculi

Residual calculi following cholecystectomy may be expected in approximately seven percent of cases. The vast majority of these are overlooked during operation; truly re-formed stones are rare.Calculi are missed during cholecystectomy because of failure to explore the common bile duct. This is due to (1) the presence of silent choledochal stones, and (2) reliance on negative cystic duct cholangiograms in the presence of indications for common duct exploration.Overlooking of silent stones during cholecystectomy may be prevented by routine operative cholangiography. Ideally, false-negative cystic duct cholangiograms should be eliminated by the use of fluoroscopic cholangiography.Retained calculi following duct exploration may be prevented by (a) routine biliary endoscopy and (b) completion fluoroscopic cholangiography.Re-formation of ductal calculi can probably be prevented by appropriate biliary drainage procedures performed during the initial choledochotomy. Selection of patients for primary biliary decompression remains an experimental problem.     

Migration of gall stones.

The factors influencing the migration of gall stones are ill understood. Altogether 331 patients undergoing cholecystectomy were studied prospectively. The diameters of the cystic and common bile ducts and of stones in the gall bladder and bile ducts were measured. Increasing pressure was applied to the freshly excised gall bladder in an attempt to evacuate stones through the cystic duct. Stones passed in 33 (60.0%) of patients with choledocholithiasis, 45 (67.2%) of patients with pancreatitis, and 7 (3.2%) of patients without either pancreatitis or choledocholithiasis. Stones migrated in 6 (3.0%) who had a normal cystic duct diameter (less than or equal to 4 mm) and in 46 (32.5%) with a duct over 4 mm diameter. Common bile duct stones were often larger than the diameter of the cystic duct and when reintroduced into the gall bladder would not migrate. The passage of debris (less than or equal to 1 mm) through the cystic duct bore no relation to the presence or absence of choledocholithiasis or a dilated cystic duct. Small stones (1-4 mm diameter) must migrate to initiate and facilitate further migration; some must increase in size in the common bile duct. Increased biliary pressure consequently dilates the duct system retrogradely, allowing larger stones to follow. Patients at risk of stone migration and thereby pancreatitis and jaundice have large ducts that can be detected by ultrasound assessment.     

Prospective randomised study of preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy versus surgery alone for common bile duct stones.

One hundred and twenty patients with known common bile duct stones were entered into a prospective randomised study of preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone clearance (group 1) versus surgery alone (group 2). Five patients were incorrectly entered; the 55 patients randomised to group 1 and the 60 randomised to group 2 were well matched with respect to clinical features and biochemical and medical risk factors. In group 1 endoscopic stone clearance was successful in 50 patients (91%); five of these patients refused elective surgery, though this was subsequently necessary in one. In group 2 common bile duct stones were cleared surgically in 54 of 59 patients (91.5%); one patient was treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy alone because of a myocardial infarct. The overall major complication rate in group 1 was 16.4% and included two deaths; in group 2 this was 8.5% and included one death. The minor complication rate in group 1 was 16.4% and that in group 2 13.6%. These differences in outcome were not significant. Despite a significant reduction in total hospital stay of patients in group 1, these results do not support the routine use of preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy in patients having biliary surgery for stones in the common bile duct.     

胆道镜结合微爆破碎石治疗复杂性胆道结石

目的:探讨微爆破碎石用于治疗复杂胆道结石的治疗体会。方法:在胆道镜直视下,分别在术中和术后对158例复杂的胆道结石患者进行微爆破碎石,然后用取石网取出碎石,泥沙状结石随液体流出或让其自行流入肠道。结果:158例患者156例取石成功。取石成功率98.73%。明显提高了胆道取石的成功率。无1例出现胆道穿孔、瘘道穿孔及胆道出血等严重并发症。结论:在胆道镜下,采用微爆破碎石术治疗复杂的胆道结石是一种安全、可靠、高效的方法,可以明显提高结石的取净率。     

腹腔镜下胆道镜经胆囊管行胆道探查取石术的临床分析

目的：探讨腹腔镜下胆道镜经胆囊管行胆道探查取石术（LTCBDE）的可行性以及安全性。方法：124 例胆囊合并胆总管结石 患者,根据手术方式分为LTCBDE 组和腹腔镜胆总管切开取石T管引流术（LCTD组）,各62 例,比较两组的手术情况、疗效及安 全性。结果：LTCBDE 的手术时间、术后引流时间、肛门排气时间、术后住院时间及补液量较LCTD 组显著减少（P<0.05）;LTCBDE 组并发症发生率及复发率分别为3.23%、1.61%,显著低于LCTD 组的20.97%、11.29%（P<0.05）。结论：LTCBDE 创伤小、患者痛 苦少、术后恢复快、并发症少且复发率低,是治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的一种安全可行的微创治疗手段,值得在临床中推广 应用。