重症肝炎血浆置换术前护理问题分析与对策

目的:通过分析重症肝炎病人行血浆置换术的护理问题,提出相应的护理对策,减少手术的危险性。方法:通过沟通、观察、查阅病例,收集要行血浆置换治疗的16例重症肝炎病人的资料,包括身体状况、心理、文化、社会、经济等,提出现存的或潜在的护理问题,寻求问题原因,经分析后进行护理帮助,做到了从生物-心理-社会医学模式的整体进行评估和护理。结果:10例重症肝炎病人在行血浆置换术前较以往病人情绪稳定,6例肝性脑病病人家属能周到的照顾病人,积极配合治疗。16例病人都能顺利完成血浆置换,提高了病人的治愈率。结论:重症肝炎病人行血浆置换前,实施积极有效的护理措施,较以前无护理措施者或肤浅的指导能降低手术危险性,使手术得以顺利进行。     

血浆置换治疗重症肝炎高胆红素血症的护理

血浆置换是把患者血液引出体外并通过膜式血浆分离器,将血液中的血浆与细胞分离,弃掉分离出的血浆,同时输入体内新的血浆或代替品,使血液净化,达到治疗疾病的目的。2003年5月-2004年10月我院血透中心应用血浆置换治疗重症肝炎高胆红素血症患者15例,取得显著疗效。现将护理介绍如下。     

腹部手术伴COPD病人围手术期处理体会（附35例临床报告）

目的：探讨伴有COPD病人行腹部手术时的危险性、手术耐受力评估以及围手术期的处理。方法：主要分析35例COPD病人行上腹部手术的临床资料。结果：35例病人中术后有发生肺部感染、腹部创口破裂等并发症,无一例发生呼衰,术后均治愈出院。结论：COPD病人手术有一定危险性,主要在术后,但术前与术中应进行适当的准备与处理,能降低术后并发症发生。不能过分强调其危险性而丧失手术时机。     

32例老年下肢骨折术后并发症的预防与观察

2002年5月至2003年5月,我院共收治老年骨折病人32例,全部采用了手术治疗内固定或假体置换,由于手术前后采取了有效的护理措施,患者均取得了良好的治疗效果。现将护理体会报告如下。     

恩替卡韦联合血浆置换治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎的研究

目的初步探讨恩替卡韦联合血浆置换治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎患者的疗效。方法选取40例慢性乙型重型肝炎患者,在常规内科治疗及恩替卡韦0.5 mg/d抗病毒治疗基础上联合血浆置换治疗。同时选取38例慢重肝患者为对照组,给予常规内科治疗及恩替卡韦0.5 mg/d抗病毒治疗。比较2组患者在慢性乙型重型肝炎早、中和晚期存活率的差异。结果联合血浆置换组生存率为72.5%,而对照组生存率为50%(χ2=4.168,P=0.041)。其中,中期慢重肝患者联合血浆置换治疗,其生存率为72.2%,而对照组生存率为38.9%(χ2=4.050,P=0.044),早期和晚期慢重肝患者联合血浆置换治疗,其生存率与对照组比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论慢性乙型重型肝炎中期患者采用恩替卡韦联合血浆置换治疗能提高患者生存率。     

手术病人的心理护理

目的：通过科学系统的术前访视、术中护理、术后随访全方位的护理,使手术病人有充分的心理准备,积极配合手术治疗。方法：为能有效地消除手术病人的恐惧心理,首先进行术前访视,向病人详尽地介绍术前、术中、术后需经历的过程及应配合的事项。术中采取正确的言语性和非言语性护理方式,密切观察病人,发现问题及时处理。术后随访,查看有无手术并发症,进行术后指导殛征求病人意见。结果：促使病人恐惧的心理状态向积极方向转化,配合手术治疗,使手术患者全程愉快。结论：术前访视对顺利手术进行良好铺垫,而坚持术后随访有利于我们总结和改进工作,通过术后随访,病人对我们的术中护理工作都很满意。     

黑龙江省大庆市第二医院

目的：通过对影响手背静脉穿刺疼痛的相关因素进行相应的护理干预,达到减轻病人静脉穿刺时的痛苦。方法：筛选部分接受静脉穿刺治疗的病人,对其穿刺时疼痛的相关因素进行护理干预,并对其护理效果进行观察分析。结果：护士良好素质和工作状态、病人积极的配合、病人穿刺静脉的充盈及穿刺部位的选择,是能影响病人静脉穿刺时疼痛的因素。结论：适当的护理干预,能减少病人静脉穿刺时的疼痛因素,减轻病人的痛苦,护理措施简单易行,病人易于接受,使病人积极配合治疗。     

探讨喉癌患者围手术期的护理体会

目的：探讨喉癌患者围手术期合理的护理措施,为临床治疗与护理提供一定的理论依据。方法：对我院82例喉癌手术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,总结其护理经验,并制定相应的护理措施。结果：所实施的术后患者均达到预期的治疗效果,82例喉癌病人均痊愈出院。结论：做好喉癌术后护理,能提高手术成功率,减少术后并发症的发生,提高患者生存质量。     

后路椎间盘镜治疗急性重症腰椎间盘突出症的临床研究

目的:探讨后路显微内窥镜椎间盘摘除术(MED)治疗急性重症腰椎间盘突出症的临床价值.方法:回顾分析对19例(21个节段)急性重症腰椎间盘突出患者在入院24小时内采用MED手术治疗.结果:本组病人均在术后9天内出院,全组病人均获得随访,平均随访时间平均8个月,术后按Nakai标准行功能评级:优16例,良2例,可1例,优良率94.7%.结论:MED术能尽快解除急性重症腰椎间盘突出症脱出髓核对神经的急性压迫,防止神经损伤进行性加重,且具有切口小、组织损伤少、恢复快和有效地维持脊柱的稳定性的优点,可作为治疗急性重症腰椎间盘突出的首选手术方法.     

慢性肺心病急性发作伴多脏器衰竭的临床护理效应

目的：探讨慢性肺心痛患性发作期的护理措施厦其临床效应,提高对慢性肺心痛急性发作期护理能力,减轻病人痛苦,改善生存质量,延长病人的生命。方法：回顾性分析对36例慢性肺心病急性发作伴多脏器功能衰竭患者进行观察护理。统计对照。制定护理措施,总结护理经验等临床资料。结果：36例病人中急性感染控制,心肺功能明显改善者30例,占83．3％;死亡4例,占16．7％;死亡者中脑、肾功能受累最高,其病死率与受累脏器数成正比,并与病程长,年老龄离,就诊不及时相关。结论：通过实施积极的护理措施,尽可能减少了病人再感染的机会,预防并发症的发生,使患者身心处于主动配合接受治疗的最佳状态,为医生实施治疗方案提供可靠的基础条件与依据,对疾病的预后和转归有重要意义。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various