枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌胶囊对失代偿期肝硬化患者的保护作用

目的探讨枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌胶囊对失代偿期肝硬化患者的保护作用。方法 125例失代偿期肝硬化患者被随机分为观察组(63例)和对照组(62例)。对照组接受肝硬化常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌胶囊500mg/次,3次/d,口服。2组疗程均为2个月。观察两组患者治疗前后肝功能(ALT、TBil、PA)、血氨、血清内毒素、炎症反应因子(IL-6、TNF-α、CRP)、Child-Pugh分级变化及并发症发生情况。结果治疗后观察组ALT、TBil、血氨、血清内毒素、IL-6、TNF-α及CRP明显降低,PA明显升高(P0.01),对照组ALT、TBil、血氨、IL-6、TNF-α及CRP也明显降低(P0.05或P0.01);两组治疗后比较,观察组上述指标的改善情况优于对照组(P0.01);观察组Child-Pugh分级有明显改善(P0.01),但对照组治疗前后及两组治疗后ChildPugh分级差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组并发症SBP、HE、HRS的发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗过程中未发现明显不良反应。结论枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌胶囊能降低失代偿期肝硬化患者的血氨、血清内毒素及炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平,改善肝功能,减少并发症的发生。     

复合乳酸杆菌治疗肝硬化失代偿期患者效果分析

目的:探讨分析复合乳酸杆菌在治疗肝硬化失代偿期患者中的效果。方法:选择2011年1月~2014年12月间在我院住院治疗的54例肝硬化失代偿期患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组各27例,选取同时期健康体检者27例为健康对照组。观察组患者接受复合乳酸杆菌联合肝硬化常规治疗,对照组仅接受肝硬化常规治疗。治疗8周后,比较对照组和观察组治疗前后及健康对照组患者血浆ALT、AST、内毒素、IL-1β、TNF-α、血氨及消化道症状积分的差异。结果:观察组和对照组患者治疗前血浆ALT、AST、内毒素、IL-1β、TNF-α、血氨水平及消化道症状积分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),均明显高于健康对照组(P0.05);治疗后两组患者上述指标均明显降低(P0.05),但观察组较对照组下降更为明显(P0.05)。结论:复合乳酸杆菌联合常规疗法在肝硬化失代偿期患者的治疗方面发挥了重要作用,值得临床推广。     

枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌胶囊治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的疗效评价

目的评价枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌胶囊治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)的临床疗效和安全性。方法 72例NASH患者被随机分为治疗组(37例)和对照组(35例)。两组均接受生活方式干预和常规护肝(多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊456 mg/次,3次/d,口服;维生素E软胶囊0.1 g/次,2次/d,口服),治疗组在此基础上加用枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌胶囊500 mg/次,3次/d,口服。2组疗程均为4个月。观察两组患者治疗前及治疗后肝功能(ALT、AST、GGT)、空腹血糖(FBG)及血脂(TC、TG、HDL、LDL),检测血清内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(CRP)水平及B超下脂肪肝影像变化。结果治疗后治疗组ALT、AST、GGT、FBG、TC、TG、LDL明显降低,HDL明显升高(P0.05或P0.01),对照组ALT、AST、GGT、TC、TG、LDL也明显降低(P0.01),且治疗组较对照组降低更为明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。治疗组内毒素、TNF-α、CRP水平明显降低(P0.01),对照组TNF-α、CRP水平也明显降低(P0.01),且治疗组较对照组降低更为明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。治疗组B超分度变化有明显改善(P0.01),但对照组治疗前后及两组治疗后差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗过程中未发现明显不良反应。结论枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌胶囊可降低NASH患者血清内毒素、TNF-α、CRP水平,改善其肝功能、血脂及脂肪肝程度,无不良反应。     

枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊对NASH患者血清内毒素和肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)患者血清内毒素和肠道菌群的影响。方法选取消化科门诊就诊的NASH患者78例,采用随机数字表分为观察组(n=39例)和对照组(n=39例)。两组患者均予以甘草酸二胺肠溶胶囊450 mg/次,3次/d保肝治疗。观察组患者加用枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊500mg,3次/d,连用6周。观察并记录两组患者治疗前后肝功能指标(ALT和γ-GT)、血脂指标(LDL-C、HDL-C、TC和TG)、血清内毒素及肠道菌群的变化情况。结果治疗6周后,两组患者的ALT、γ-GT和血清内毒素水平较前均有明显下降(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组下降值明显大于对照组(P0.05);两组患者的LDL-C、TC、TG均较前明显下降,HDL-C水平较前明显上升(P0.05),且观察组下降或上升值明显大于对照组(P0.05);同时观察组患者双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、拟杆菌和肠球菌数量较前明显上升,肠杆菌较前明显减少(P0.05),而对照组治疗前后肠道菌群数量均无明显变化(P0.05)。结论枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊治疗NASH能纠正肠道菌群紊乱,恢复肠道微生态平衡,从而减轻肠源性内毒素血症,改善肝功能指标,降低血脂水平,对NASH有显著的辅助治疗效果。     

地衣芽孢杆菌活菌胶囊对肝炎后肝硬化患者 血清内毒素、超敏C反应蛋白及前降钙素水平的影响

目的探讨地衣芽孢杆菌活菌胶囊对肝炎后肝硬化患者血清内毒素、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）及前降钙素（PCT）水平的影响。方法将90例乙肝后肝硬化患者随机分为观察组和对照组。两组均予以低盐饮食、保肝利尿和营养支持等基础治疗。观察组加用地衣芽孢杆菌活菌胶囊0.5 g/次,3次/d,连用6周。观察两组治疗前后血氨、血清内毒素、hs-CRP和PCT水平变化。结果治疗6周后,两组血氨和血清内毒素水平较治疗前均明显下降（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,且观察组患者下降程度与对照组比较更明显（P〈0.05）;同时两组血清hs-CRP和PCT水平较前明显下降（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,且观察组患者下降程度与对照组比较更明显（P〈0.05）。结论地衣芽孢杆菌活菌胶囊辅助治疗乙肝后肝硬化能明显降低患者血氨和血清内毒素水平,并能下调血清hs-CRP和PCT水平,从而有利于抑制肝内局部炎症反应及降低肠黏膜的通透性。     

双歧三联活菌胶囊辅助治疗对乙肝后肝硬化患者肠黏膜屏障功能及细胞免疫功能的影响

目的探讨双歧三联活菌胶囊辅助治疗对乙肝后肝硬化患者肠黏膜屏障功能及细胞免疫功能的影响。方法选取78例门诊或住院治疗的乙肝后肝硬化患者,随机分为两组,其中观察组和对照组各39例。两组患者予以护肝利尿、控制门脉压和营养支持等基础治疗。观察组加用双歧三联活菌胶囊630mg/次,2次/d,温水口服,连用6周。观察两组治疗前后肝功能指标[丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和总胆红素(TBIL)]、肠黏膜屏障功能[前降钙素(PCT)和二胺氧化酶(DAO)]及细胞免疫功能[T淋巴细胞亚群]的变化。结果治疗6周后,两组血清ALT、AST和TBIL指标较前均明显下降(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组下降幅度较对照组更明显(P0.05);两组血清PCT和DAO指标较前明显下降(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组下降幅度较对照组更明显(P0.05);同时两组CD4+水平和CD4+/CD8+比值均较前明显上升(P0.05),且观察组上升幅度较对照组更明显(P0.05),而两组治疗前后CD8+水平无明显变化(P0.05)。结论双歧三联活菌胶囊辅助治疗乙肝后肝硬化患者能更有效降低ALT、AST和TBIL水平,保护其肝功能;降低血清PCT和DAO水平,修复肠黏膜屏障功能;还能纠正T淋巴细胞亚群紊乱,增加其细胞免疫功能。     

门冬氨酸鸟氨酸联合双歧三联活菌胶囊对亚临床肝性脑病患者内毒素血症及肠道微生态的影响

目的探讨门冬氨酸鸟氨酸联合双歧三联活菌胶囊对亚临床肝性脑病(SHE)患者内毒素血症及肠道微生态的影响。方法将108例SHE患者随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患者均予以低盐软食、保肝、降转氨酶、维持水电解质平衡及防治并发症等基础治疗。观察组予以双歧三联活菌胶囊(420.0mg/次,3次/d,口服)联合门冬氨酸鸟氨酸颗粒(3.0g/次,2次/d,口服)治疗,对照组予以单用门冬氨酸鸟氨酸颗粒治疗,两组均连用8周。观察并比较两组治疗前后血氨、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、数字连接试验(NCT)、内毒素(ET)及肠道菌群的变化,并比较肝性脑病(HE)的发病率。结果治疗8周后,两组患者血氨、ALT、NCT及ET水平均较治疗前明显下降(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组下降的幅度较对照组更大(P0.05);同时两组患者乳杆菌、双歧杆菌及肠球菌数量较治疗前增加,肠杆菌和酵母菌数量较治疗前减少(P0.05和P0.01),且观察组变化幅度较对照组更大(P0.05)。观察组与对照组分别发生HE 5例和18例,观察组HE的发病率明显低于对照组(χ2=9.34,P0.01)。结论门冬氨酸鸟氨酸联合双歧杆菌三联活菌治疗SHE的疗效确切,能改善其智力测验结果,降低HE的发病率。     

双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊对肝性脑病患者 肠黏膜屏障功能及血氨的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊对肝性脑病患者肠屏障功能及血氨的影响。方法选取100例确诊为肝性脑病的患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组各50例。对照组患者给予肝性脑病常规综合治疗,治疗组在常规综合治疗的基础上同时口服双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊进行治疗。治疗前及治疗两周后分别检测两组患者肠黏膜屏障功能及血氨水平并比较其变化。结果治疗前两组患者肠屏障功能及血氨水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗2周后,治疗组患者的血氨水平、血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)水平、血清内毒素水平(LPS)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平较治疗前显著降低,且较对照组治疗后的水平亦有明显的降低(P0.05)。结论肝性脑病患者在常规综合治疗的基础上,加用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊可以明显改善患者肠黏膜屏障功能,减少肠源性血氨的生成,临床疗效确切。     

布拉酵母菌散对肝硬化大鼠肠黏膜屏障保护作用的实验研究

目的研究布拉酵母菌散对肝硬化大鼠肠黏膜屏障的保护作用及其可能机制。方法采用皮下注射40%CCL4橄榄油溶液+10%酒精饮料诱导肝硬化模型。造模成功后,治疗组用布拉酵母菌灌胃[75×108CFU/(kg·d)],对照组、模型组给予等容量的生理盐水灌胃,连续14 d。采用鲎试剂终点显色法检测血浆内毒素水平,应用分光光度法测定小肠组织二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性,应用自动生化分析仪检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)变化。结果模型组血浆内毒素水平[(0.251±0.011)EU/m L]较治疗组[(0.168±0.012)EU/m L]明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);模型组肠组织DAO活性为(0.432±0.074)U/mg,明显较对照组[(0.728±0.065)U/mg]降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),治疗组DAO活性为(0.548±0.053)U/mg,与模型组相比较,肠DAO活性升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),模型组、治疗组肠组织DAO活性较对照组明显降低(P0.01);模型组血清ALT、AST含量分别为(133.89±8.09)U/m L、(176.92±10.94)U/m L,比对照组ALT、AST含量[(36.73±6.95)U/m L、(41.35±10.07)U/m L]明显升高,P0.01;治疗组[(95.76±7.27)U/m L、(158.02±5.94)U/m L]与模型组相比较,ALT、AST含量下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论肝硬化大鼠存在肠黏膜屏障受损,布拉酵母菌可通过调整肠道菌群,改善肠源性内毒素血症,对肠黏膜屏障起到保护作用,可作为慢性肝病的辅助治疗。     

双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊 对重症肺炎患者肠黏膜屏障功能的保护作用

目的探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊对重症肺炎患者肠黏膜屏障功能的保护作用。方法选取重症肺炎患者66例,随机分为观察组（n=33例）和对照组（n=33例）。两组患者均予以吸氧、抗感染、抗休克和营养支持等常规治疗,必要时行机械通气或血管活性药物。观察组患者加用双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊420 mg,3次/d,温水服用或水化后自鼻饲注入。观察两组患者治疗前和治疗14 d后内毒素、二胺氧化酶（DAO）和D-乳酸水平的变化,并比较其临床疗效。结果治疗14 d后,两组患者血清内毒素、DAO和D-乳酸水平均较前明显下降（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）,且观察组下降值明显大于对照组（P〈0.05）;同时观察组患者的临床总有效率明显高于对照组（χ2=3.88,P〈0.05）。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌肠溶胶囊辅助治疗重症肺炎患者具有较好的疗效,能明显降低血清内毒素、DAO和D-乳酸水平,减轻患者内毒素血症和肠黏膜通透性,保护患者肠黏膜屏障功能。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV