枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌胶囊对肝硬化失代偿期患者的临床疗效

目的观察枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌胶囊对肝硬化失代偿期患者的临床疗效。方法选择2013年6月至2016年6月在湖北医药学院附属人民医院住院治疗的85例肝硬化失代偿期患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组(43例)和对照组(42例)。对照组患者接受肝硬化常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌胶囊500mg/次,3次/d,口服。两组患者疗程均为2个月。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后肝肾功能指标[丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBil)、前白蛋白(PA)、血肌酐(sCr)、胱抑素C(CysC)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)]、肠黏膜屏障功能指标[血氨、内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)]、Child-Pugh评分及并发症发生率。结果治疗后观察组患者ALT、TBil、CysC、β2-MG水平显著下降,PA水平显著升高(P0.05或P0.01),对照组患者治疗后ALT水平也明显下降(P0.01),且观察组患者ALT、CysC、β2-MG下降幅度较对照组更大(P0.05或P0.01)。两组患者血氨、内毒素、TNF-α和DAO水平较治疗前明显下降(P0.01),且观察组患者下降幅度较对照组更大(P0.01)。观察组患者Child-Pugh评分显著降低(P0.01),且其下降幅度较对照组更大(P0.05)。观察组患者并发症的发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌胶囊能有效改善肝硬化失代偿期患者的肝肾功能,修复肠黏膜屏障功能,降低血氨、内毒素、TNF-α和DAO水平,减少并发症的发生。     

枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌胶囊治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的疗效评价

目的评价枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌胶囊治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)的临床疗效和安全性。方法 72例NASH患者被随机分为治疗组(37例)和对照组(35例)。两组均接受生活方式干预和常规护肝(多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊456 mg/次,3次/d,口服;维生素E软胶囊0.1 g/次,2次/d,口服),治疗组在此基础上加用枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌胶囊500 mg/次,3次/d,口服。2组疗程均为4个月。观察两组患者治疗前及治疗后肝功能(ALT、AST、GGT)、空腹血糖(FBG)及血脂(TC、TG、HDL、LDL),检测血清内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(CRP)水平及B超下脂肪肝影像变化。结果治疗后治疗组ALT、AST、GGT、FBG、TC、TG、LDL明显降低,HDL明显升高(P0.05或P0.01),对照组ALT、AST、GGT、TC、TG、LDL也明显降低(P0.01),且治疗组较对照组降低更为明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。治疗组内毒素、TNF-α、CRP水平明显降低(P0.01),对照组TNF-α、CRP水平也明显降低(P0.01),且治疗组较对照组降低更为明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。治疗组B超分度变化有明显改善(P0.01),但对照组治疗前后及两组治疗后差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗过程中未发现明显不良反应。结论枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌胶囊可降低NASH患者血清内毒素、TNF-α、CRP水平,改善其肝功能、血脂及脂肪肝程度,无不良反应。     

复合乳酸杆菌治疗肝硬化失代偿期患者效果分析

目的:探讨分析复合乳酸杆菌在治疗肝硬化失代偿期患者中的效果。方法:选择2011年1月~2014年12月间在我院住院治疗的54例肝硬化失代偿期患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组各27例,选取同时期健康体检者27例为健康对照组。观察组患者接受复合乳酸杆菌联合肝硬化常规治疗,对照组仅接受肝硬化常规治疗。治疗8周后,比较对照组和观察组治疗前后及健康对照组患者血浆ALT、AST、内毒素、IL-1β、TNF-α、血氨及消化道症状积分的差异。结果:观察组和对照组患者治疗前血浆ALT、AST、内毒素、IL-1β、TNF-α、血氨水平及消化道症状积分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),均明显高于健康对照组(P0.05);治疗后两组患者上述指标均明显降低(P0.05),但观察组较对照组下降更为明显(P0.05)。结论:复合乳酸杆菌联合常规疗法在肝硬化失代偿期患者的治疗方面发挥了重要作用,值得临床推广。     

双歧三联活菌对肝硬化患者血浆中内毒素及多种细胞因子水平的影响

目的:初步探讨在常规保肝治疗的基础上辅助应用双歧三联活菌制剂治疗肝硬化内毒素血症的疗效,并观察治疗前后血浆中内毒素以及IL-1α、IL-6、TNFα等水平的变化.方法:选择典型肝硬化失代偿期患者60例,随机分为对照组和试验组.应用鲎试剂动态比浊法准确定量测定血浆中内毒素的含量;应用酶联免疫技术测定血浆中IL-1α、IL-6、TNF-α的含量.比较治疗前后组间和组内血浆中内毒素、IL-1α、IL-6和TNFα水平的变化.结果:试验组治疗后与治疗前相比,各观察指标的含量均明显降低(P<0.05);对照组治疗前后血浆中各观察指标的含量差异无显著性;治疗后试验组血浆中各观察指标的含量均比对照组低(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义.结论:常规保肝治疗的基础上辅助应用双歧三联活菌制剂贝飞达与单纯保肝治疗相比,可以明显降低肝硬化失代偿期患者血浆中内毒素的水平,减少生物活性介质IL-α、IL-6和TNFα的释放,促使肝功能好转,具有重要的临床实用意义.     

益生菌对肝硬化自发性腹膜炎的预防及对 肝功能的影响

目的观察益生菌在肝硬化自发性腹膜炎患者中的预防效果及对肝功能的影响。方法选取福建省立医院南院2015年6月至2017年6月就诊治疗的60例肝硬化失代偿期患者为研究对象,随机平均分为对照组和益生菌组,每组30例。对照组患者采用常规保肝护肝利尿补充白蛋白治疗;益生菌组在对照组基础上加用金双歧口服,2.0g/次,3次/d,疗程3个月。比较两组患者治疗后6个月血浆内毒素(ET)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素6 (IL-6)、降钙素原(PCT)的水平以及肝功能指标、自发性腹膜炎(SBP)发生率和症状缓解时间的变化。结果治疗前两组患者ET、TNF-α、IL-6、PCT水平及肝功能指标比较差异无统计学意义(P0.01)。治疗后益生菌组患者ET、TNF-α、IL-6、PCT水平明显低于对照组(P0.01),肝功能指标也明显优于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者SBP发生率相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),益生菌组患者发热缓解时间与腹部压痛缓解时间明显短于对照组(P0.05)。结论益生菌可以有效预防肝硬化失代偿期患者自发性腹膜炎的发生,改善患者肝功能并缩短发病时各症状的缓解时间。     

枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊对NASH患者血清内毒素和肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)患者血清内毒素和肠道菌群的影响。方法选取消化科门诊就诊的NASH患者78例,采用随机数字表分为观察组(n=39例)和对照组(n=39例)。两组患者均予以甘草酸二胺肠溶胶囊450 mg/次,3次/d保肝治疗。观察组患者加用枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊500mg,3次/d,连用6周。观察并记录两组患者治疗前后肝功能指标(ALT和γ-GT)、血脂指标(LDL-C、HDL-C、TC和TG)、血清内毒素及肠道菌群的变化情况。结果治疗6周后,两组患者的ALT、γ-GT和血清内毒素水平较前均有明显下降(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组下降值明显大于对照组(P0.05);两组患者的LDL-C、TC、TG均较前明显下降,HDL-C水平较前明显上升(P0.05),且观察组下降或上升值明显大于对照组(P0.05);同时观察组患者双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、拟杆菌和肠球菌数量较前明显上升,肠杆菌较前明显减少(P0.05),而对照组治疗前后肠道菌群数量均无明显变化(P0.05)。结论枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊治疗NASH能纠正肠道菌群紊乱,恢复肠道微生态平衡,从而减轻肠源性内毒素血症,改善肝功能指标,降低血脂水平,对NASH有显著的辅助治疗效果。     

枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊联合康复新液灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎的临床疗效

目的:探讨枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊联合康复新液灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎的临床疗效。方法:选取2014年5月～2018年6月淮安市淮阴医院诊治的溃疡性结肠炎患者120例,根据患者入院先后顺序分为两组,对照组在常规治疗的基础上给予枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊,观察组在对照组的基础上给予康复新液保留灌肠。比较两组患者的治疗总有效率、治疗前后血清白介素-8(IL-8)、白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平、血小板(PLT)和血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率为95.00%,对照组为83.33%,观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后血清IL-8、IL-6、TNF-α水平及PLT、FIB均较治疗前显著下降,且观察组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05),而两组治疗后PT水平均较治疗前显著升高,且观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率相比无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊联合康复新液灌肠治疗可显著降低溃疡性结肠炎患者的炎性因子水平,改善凝血功能,提高临床治疗效果,且安全性较高。     

地衣芽孢杆菌活菌胶囊对肝炎后肝硬化患者 血清内毒素、超敏C反应蛋白及前降钙素水平的影响

目的探讨地衣芽孢杆菌活菌胶囊对肝炎后肝硬化患者血清内毒素、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）及前降钙素（PCT）水平的影响。方法将90例乙肝后肝硬化患者随机分为观察组和对照组。两组均予以低盐饮食、保肝利尿和营养支持等基础治疗。观察组加用地衣芽孢杆菌活菌胶囊0.5 g/次,3次/d,连用6周。观察两组治疗前后血氨、血清内毒素、hs-CRP和PCT水平变化。结果治疗6周后,两组血氨和血清内毒素水平较治疗前均明显下降（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,且观察组患者下降程度与对照组比较更明显（P〈0.05）;同时两组血清hs-CRP和PCT水平较前明显下降（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,且观察组患者下降程度与对照组比较更明显（P〈0.05）。结论地衣芽孢杆菌活菌胶囊辅助治疗乙肝后肝硬化能明显降低患者血氨和血清内毒素水平,并能下调血清hs-CRP和PCT水平,从而有利于抑制肝内局部炎症反应及降低肠黏膜的通透性。     

肝硬化患者内毒素、T N F -α和N O 水平与 高动力循环状态的相关性研究

目的：观察肝硬化患者血流动力学变化情况及血浆内毒素（LPS）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和NO的水平并探讨之间相关关系。方法：试验检测血浆内毒素,双抗体夹心ELISA检测TNF-α,NO2^-／NO3^-测定采用硝酸还原法。并对CO、MAP、SVRI行同步观察。结果：健康组与肝硬化患者比较。失代偿组高动力循环状态特征明显。失代偿组、代偿组、健康组LPS、TNF-α、NO依次明显升高（P〈0．01）。血浆LPS与TNF-α和N0之间呈直线正相关。血浆NO水平与CO呈显著性正相关;与MAP、SVRI呈显著性负相关。结论：肝硬化患者血浆LPS、TNF-α、NO生成增多,NO在肝硬化血液动力学紊乱中起重要作用。     

双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊对肝性脑病患者 肠黏膜屏障功能及血氨的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊对肝性脑病患者肠屏障功能及血氨的影响。方法选取100例确诊为肝性脑病的患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组各50例。对照组患者给予肝性脑病常规综合治疗,治疗组在常规综合治疗的基础上同时口服双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊进行治疗。治疗前及治疗两周后分别检测两组患者肠黏膜屏障功能及血氨水平并比较其变化。结果治疗前两组患者肠屏障功能及血氨水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗2周后,治疗组患者的血氨水平、血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)水平、血清内毒素水平(LPS)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平较治疗前显著降低,且较对照组治疗后的水平亦有明显的降低(P0.05)。结论肝性脑病患者在常规综合治疗的基础上,加用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊可以明显改善患者肠黏膜屏障功能,减少肠源性血氨的生成,临床疗效确切。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various