二十面体对称性(I~h)分子的从头计算研究II. 铜原子簇Cu~13的电子结构

应用对称性约化计算方案, 完成了铜原子簇Cu~13(I~h)三种基组下的从头计算, 最大维数390。为了进行比较, 也进行了Cu~2、Cu~4、Cu~6及Cu~8的计算。经过优化, 获得基态及平衡几何、布居、结合能等数据, 表明Cu~13可能稳定存在。Cu~13中以d成分为主的分子轨道均已填满, 对化学键无实际贡献, 成键作用为s, p性质; 再者, d带与s带不相交叠, 无金属Cu能带的特征。无论平衡几何、布居及结合能数值均与采用的其组很有关系, 虽然定性趋势是一致的。     

二十面体对称性(I_h)分子的从头计算研究 Ⅱ.铜原子簇Cu_(13)的电子结构

应用对称性约化计算方案,完成了铜原子簇Cu_(13)(I_h)三种基组下的从头计算,最大维数390.为了进行比较,也进行了Cu_2、Cu_4、Cu_6及Cu_8的计算.经过优化,获得基态及平衡几何、布居、结合能等数据,表明Cu_(13)可能稳定存在.Cu_(13)中以d成分为主的分子轨道均已填满,对化学键无实际贡献,成键作用为s,p性质;再者,d带与s带不相交叠,无金属Cu能带的特征.无论平衡几何、布居及结合能数值均与采用的基组很有关系,虽然定性趋势是一致的.     

2,3-二氮杂二环-[2,2,2]-辛-2-烯与卤素分子间电荷转移相互作用的量子化学研究

对2,3-二氮杂二环-[2,2,2]-辛-2-烯 (DBO) 与Cl2、Br2和I2 3种卤素分子形成的s型电荷转移复合物进行了不同方法的理论计算。结果表明, MP2方法结合LanL2DZ*基组可以很好地描述DBO与卤素分子间的相互作用。其中, DBO与I2的结合能为33.6 kJ/mol, 与DBO…Br2的结合能接近, 明显大于DBO…Cl2相应的值。几何结构变化以及布居分析均与这一结果吻合。针对DBO的结构, 对DBO与I2间 形成p型电荷转移复合物以及DBO…(I2)2的可能性进行了理论分析和预测。     

二十面体对称性(Ih)分子的从头计算研究(Ⅲ)——过渡金属原子簇Sc13的电子结构

在I_k对称性约化的基础上,进行了Sc₁₃的从头计算研究,其基组态为a_g²t_1M⁶h_g¹⁰a_g²g_M⁸t_2M⁶t_1M⁵,谱项为²T_1M,与ESR谱的解释一致.计算表明Sc原子的满壳层(4s)²电子在成键时向未满的3d壳层转移,从而4s与3d电子均对成键起重要作用.结合能的计算值表明Sc₁₃可以稳定存在.计算还表明,收缩高斯基收缩程度的合理选择对Sc₁₃波函数的行为描述十分重要.     

Li+与线性碳链HC2n-体系相互作用的理论研究

应用密度泛函理论(DFT)和多体微扰理论(MP2),对Li 与线性碳链HC2n-形成的体系HC2nLi(n=1~8,C∞v)的平衡几何构型、谐振动频率、第一绝热电离能和结合能进行了研究并计算了HC2n-与Li 之间相互作用的势能曲线。计算结果表明,Li 可与线性碳链HC2n-形成稳定的化合物HC2nLi;化合物的电离能和结合能与体系大小n之间存在非线性关系。基于计算结果,得到了体系的绝热电离能和结合能与体系大小n的解析表达式。     

二元合金团簇CoGe-n(n=1~12)的结构和稳定性

用密度泛函(DFT)方法与反射式飞行时间质谱及光电子能谱的实验结果相结合, 研究了二元合金团簇负离子CoGe-n(n=1~12)的结合能、几何结构与电子结构. 理论计算得到的电子亲和势(EA)光电子能谱测量的结果符合得较好. 通过分态密度(PDOS)分析了s, p和d轨道电子的相互作用规律. 讨论了团簇的稳定性, 认为CoGe-10具有幻数团簇的性质.     

多硫化钴CoSx结构与稳定性的密度泛函研究

采用量子化学密度泛函方法计算得到CoSx(x=1~6)6组化合物的同分异构体及CoS2的晶体结构.对其分子结构与稳定性、光谱性质及其晶体结构性质进行了分析讨论.发现CoSx和晶体结构中Co原子均带部分正电荷,S原子均带部分负电荷;Co可与不同比例的S原子形成配位键,并有很强的结合能.随着S原子比例的增加配位键伸长,结合能增大.计算的晶体结构数据很好地与实验测定结构吻合.计算结果可为锂插层研究提供有用的信息.     

双原子镧系化合物分子结构

利用相对论小芯赝势及新近优化得到的镧系元素的(14s13p10d8f6g)/ [6s6p5d4f3g] 价电子基组, 对双原子镧系化合物(LaH, LaO, LaF, EuH, EuO, EuF, EuS, GdO, GdF, GdH, YbH, YbO, YbF, YbS, LuH, LuO, LuF)的分子结构进行了计算. 除YbO, LuF分子外,其他分子的计算结果与现有实验值符合得很好. 对YbO分子, 在基态存在复杂的组态混合情况, 由于计算方法(CI(SD))的局限性, 导致理论值与实验值有较大差别. 对LuF分子, 则很可能从实验得到的分子结合能估计值太低了.     

锂原子簇结构的分子力学研究

本文采用包含Axilord—Teller三体势的分子力学方法,计算了锂原子簇的平衡几何构型,结果表明,锂原子簇的势能面上存在一些近简并的结构。但最稳定结构与从头算的结果基本一致,同时对气相原子簇的生长模式、簇尺寸增大原子簇平均结合能的变化进行了讨论。     

Counterpoise技术和He-H2O配合物的平衡几何

在得到MP4, SCF的关于总能量及结合能的四个势能面的基础上,着重分析了电子相关作用, 消除基函数超位误差的Counterpoise(CP)技术对van der Waals配合物He-H2O的平衡几何的影响并得到了更精确的平衡几何预测。     

Adsorption of NO2 on Small Silver Clusters with Copper Impurity: A Density Functional Study

Density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the structural and energetic properties of NO₂ adsorption on small bimetallic Ag _n Cu _m clusters (n?+?m?≤?5). Generally NO₂ is adsorbed in bridge configuration. The adsorbates prefer Cu sites when both Ag and Cu co-exist in the clusters. The adsorption energies and the dissociation energies of the complex clusters increase as the Cu content increases for the given cluster size. Our calculation suggests that the bimetallic Ag _n Cu _m may react with NO₂ dissociatively by way of Ag atom, Ag₂ or AgCu loss. The N–O vibrational properties of the complex clusters were also discussed and analyzed.     

用密度泛函和遗传算法研究Cun (n≤20) 团簇的尺寸效应

结合遗传算法和Gupta多体势系统地搜索金属团簇Cu_n (n≤20)的几何结构, 并利用密度泛函方法进一步确定最稳定构型. 分析了平均键长、平均配位数、结合能、二阶差分能、电离势和电子亲和势等性质随着尺寸的变化规律. 发现在Cu₇处团簇最稳定构型从二维结构转向三维结构, Cu_n (n≤20)团簇的幻数为8, 13, 20. 团簇的键长、配位数和结合能属性随着尺寸的增长而递增最终接近相应的体相值; 而二阶差分能、电离势和电子亲和势随着尺寸增加出现奇偶交替, 说明偶数电子形成闭壳层结构, 比相邻团簇更稳定.     

Structures and photoelectron spectroscopy of Cu(n)(BO2)m-(n, m=1, 2) clusters: observation of hyperhalogen behavior

The electronic structures of CuBO(2)(-), Cu(BO(2))(2)(-), Cu(2)(BO(2))(-), and Cu(2)(BO(2))(2)(-) clusters were investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy. The measured vertical and adiabatic detachment energies of these clusters revealed unusual properties of Cu(BO(2))(2) cluster. With an electron affinity of 5.07 eV which is larger than that of its BO(2) superhalogen (4.46 eV) building-block, Cu(BO(2))(2) can be classified as a hyperhalogen. Density functional theory based calculations were carried out to identify the ground state geometries and study the electronic structures of these clusters. Cu(BO(2)) and Cu(BO(2))(2) clusters were found to form chainlike structures in both neutral and anionic forms. Cu(2)(BO(2)) and Cu(2)(BO(2))(2) clusters, on the other hand, preferred a chainlike structure in the anionic form but a closed ringlike structure in the neutral form. Equally important, substantial differences between adiabatic detachment energies and electron affinities were found, demonstrating that correct interpretation of the experimental photoelectron spectroscopy data requires theoretical support not only in determining the ground state geometry of neutral and anionic clusters, but also in identifying their low lying isomers.     

A computational investigation of copper-doped germanium and germanium clusters by the density-functional theory

The geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of Ge(n) and CuGe(n) (n = 2-13) clusters have been systematically investigated by using density-functional approach. According to optimized CuGe(n) geometries, growth patterns of Cu-capped Ge(n) or Cu-substituted Ge(n+1) clusters for the small- or middle-sized CuGe(n) clusters as well as growth patterns of Cu-concaved Ge(n) or Ge-capped CuGe(n-1) clusters for the large-sized CuGe(n) clusters are apparently dominant. The average atomic binding energies and fragmentation energies are calculated and discussed; particularly, the relative stabilities of CuGe10 and Ge10 are the strongest among all different sized CuGe(n) and Ge(n) clusters, respectively. These findings are in good agreement with the available experimental results on CoGe10- and Ge10 clusters. Consequently, unlike some transition metal (TM)Si12, the hexagonal prism CuGe12 is only low-lying structure; however, the basket-like structure is located as the lowest-energy structure. Different from some TM-doped silicon clusters, charge always transfers from copper to germanium atoms in all different sized clusters. Furthermore, the calculated highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gaps are obviously decreased when Cu is doped into the Ge(n) clusters, together with the decrease of HOMO-LUMO gaps, as the size of clusters increases. Additionally, the contribution of the doped Cu atom to bond properties and polarizabilities of the Ge(n) clusters is also discussed.     

Density functional calculation of the structure and electronic properties of Cu(n)O(n) (n = 1-8) clusters

Ab initio simulations and calculations were used to study the structures and stabilities of copper oxide clusters, Cu(n)O(n) (n = 1-8). The lowest energy structures of neutral and charged copper oxide clusters were determined using primarily the B3LYP/LANL2DZ model chemistry. For n ≥ 4, the clusters are nonplanar. Selected electronic properties including atomization energies, ionization energies, electron affinities, and Bader charges were calculated and examined as a function of n.     

Copper-carbon cluster CuC3: structure, infrared frequencies, and isotopic scrambling

Copper-carbon clusters, formed by dual Nd/YAG laser vaporization, have been trapped in solid Ar at 12 K and investigated by infrared spectroscopy. Density functional calculations of a number of possible molecular structures for Cu/carbon clusters have been performed, and their associated vibrational harmonic mode frequencies and dissociation energies have been determined with a 6-311++G(3df) basis set using both B3LYP and MPW1PW91 functionals. Both computations and (13)C-isotopic substitution experiments indicate that new bands observed at 1830.0 and 1250.5 cm(-1) are due to the asymmetric and symmetric CC stretching modes, respectively, in the near-linear CuC3(X(2)A') cluster. Photoinduced (12/13)C-isotopic scrambling in Cu(12/13)C3 clusters has also been observed. The mechanism for the photoscrambling is shown to involve the formation of a bicyclic CuC3 isomer.     

CO在M55（M=Cu,Ag,Au）团簇上吸附的密度泛函研究

在全电子相对论BVP86/DNP水平下对CO在Au55,Ag55和Cu55团簇上的吸附进行了比较研究,并考察了电荷对吸附的影响.计算结果表明,CO在Au55团簇上吸附能最大,其次为Cu55团簇,最弱的为Ag55团簇.团簇电荷对C—O键活化和CO与团簇表面原子成键影响较小.金团簇的电荷对吸附能影响较大,而银和铜团簇的电荷对吸附能影响较小.CO吸附到团簇上导致团簇上电子向CO转移.C—O键活化强度与吸附位置密切相关,其中孔位吸附导致C—O键活化程度最大,最弱的为顶位吸附.CO在金团簇上吸附具有较好选择性,而在银和铜团簇上吸附无选择性.     

Density functional theory investigation of structure,stability, and glycerol/hydrogen adsorption on Cu,Cu?Zn,and Cu?ZnO clusters

Extensive density functional theory calculations are performed to analyze the structure and activity of Cu and Cu Zn/Cu ZnO clusters containing up to 10 Cu/Zn atoms. The minimum-energy structures of Cu Zn and Cu ZnO clusters are found by doping minimum-energy pure Cu clusters with Zn atom(s) and ZnO molecule(s), respectively, followed by energy minimization of the resultant clusters. Odd-even alteration in properties that determine cluster stability/activity is observed with cluster size, which may be attributed to the presence/absence of unpaired electrons. The difference in behavior between Zn/ZnO doping can be interpreted in terms of charge transfer between atoms. Charge transfers from Zn to Cu in the Cu Zn clusters and from Cu and Zn atoms to O atom in Cu-ZnO clusters, which implies that the Cu atom acts as an electron acceptor in the Cu Zn clusters but not in the Cu ZnO clusters. Finally, the adsorption energies of glycerol and hydrogen on Cu Zn/Cu ZnO clusters are computed in the context of the use of Cu Zn/Cu ZnO catalysts in glycerol hydrogenolysis. Glycerol adsorption is generally found to be more energetically favorable than hydrogen adsorption. Dual-site glycerol adsorption is also observed in some of the planar clusters. Fundamental insights obtained in this study can be useful in the design of Cu Zn/Cu ZnO catalysts.     

Equilibrium geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of the bimetallic M2-doped Au(n) (M = Ag, Cu; n = 1-10) clusters: comparison with pure gold clusters

The density functional method with relativistic effective core potential has been employed to investigate systematically the geometrical structures, relative stabilities, growth-pattern behaviors, and electronic properties of small bimetallic M(2)Au(n) (M = Ag, Cu; n = 1-10) and pure gold Au(n) (n ≤ 12) clusters. The optimized geometries reveal that M(2) substituted Au(n+2) clusters and one Au atom capped M(2)Au(n-1) structures are dominant growth patterns of the stable alloyed M(2)Au(n) clusters. The calculated averaged atomic binding energies, fragmentation energies, and the second-order difference of energies as a function of the cluster size exhibit a pronounced even-odd alternation phenomenon. The analytic results exhibit that the planar structure Ag(2)Au(4) and Cu(2)Au(2) isomers are the most stable geometries of Ag(2)Au(n) and Cu(2)Au(n) clusters, respectively. In addition, the HOMO-LUMO gaps, charge transfers, chemical hardnesses and polarizabilities have been analyzed and compared further.     

Studies on the Stability of On-top Al13Inm (n = 1～12,m =-1,0,+1) Clusters

Energetic and electronic structures of the on-top Al13Inm (n = 1 ～12,m = -1,0,+1)clusters have been investigated by employing a first-principles pseudo-potential plane wave method.Several parameters such as binding energies,second differences of energy and vertical-electron detachment energies have been adopted to characterize and evaluate the structure stability of Al13In (n = 1 ～ 12) clusters.The optimized models show that the Al13 moieties in the clusters can not retain the original regular icosahedron structure.Results from binding energy and second difference of energy show that Al13In and Al13In- clusters with even n are more stable than those with odd n in contrast with Al13In+ clusters.The calculation of vertical-electron detachment energies (VDE) of Al13In clusters indicates that Al13In and Al13In- clusters with even n are closer to the closed shell of the Jellium model.Further analysis of electron density of states and electron density differences reveals that the enhanced stability of Al13In- clusters is not only associated with the closed shell of valence electrons but also with the bonding type between I and associated Al atoms.