芬苯达唑在石墨烯与[Bupy]PF_6复合修饰碳糊电极上的电化学性质及电分析方法研究

本文研究了芬苯达唑(Fenbendazole,FBZ)在石墨烯(RGO)与离子液体(N-丁基吡啶六氟磷酸盐)复合修饰碳糊电极上的电催化氧化及电化学动力学性质。同时用CC法(计时库仑法)、计时电流法(CA)测定FBZ在RGO-[Bupy]PF6/CPE上的电极反应动力学参数,并用方波伏安法(SWV)测定FBZ氧化峰电流(Ip)与其浓度c在4.0×10-8~1.0×10-5mol·L-1范围内呈良好线性关系,线性回归方程为Ip(μA)=1.471+5220.78c(10-3mol·L-1),R=0.9995,检测限(S/N=3)为1.4×10-9mol·L-1,在此基础上用SWV法对FBZ片剂中FBZ含量进行了电化学定量测定,RSD在0.2%~0.9%之间,回收率在99.0%~101.4%之间。     

组氨酸/石墨烯修饰玻碳电极循环伏安法测定痕量铜(Ⅱ)

依次用滴涂法和电化学方法将石墨烯和组氨酸修饰在玻碳电极表面,制备了组氨酸/石墨烯修饰的玻碳电极,将该电极用于循环伏安法测定铜(Ⅱ)。由于石墨烯良好的导电性能以及组氨酸的配位吸附效应,铜(Ⅱ)在该修饰电极上的氧化峰电流相对于裸玻碳电极上的显著增大。在最佳条件下,铜(Ⅱ)的浓度在2.30×10-8~3.06×10-5 mol·L-1范围内与其氧化峰电流呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为1.50×10-9 mol·L-1。此方法应用于实际样品中痕量铜(Ⅱ)的测定,加标回收率在94.0%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)为2.0%,本法测定值与原子吸收光谱法测定值相符。     

石墨烯修饰玻碳电极用于循环伏安法测定盐酸表阿霉素

将石墨烯修饰在玻碳电极表面用于循环伏安法测定盐酸表阿霉素。在pH 4.0的B-R缓冲溶液中,在修饰电极上,盐酸表阿霉素在-0.382V处可见明显的氧化峰,且氧化峰电流比在裸玻碳电极上提高两倍以上。盐酸表阿霉素的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-7~1.0×10-6 mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为2.0×10-9 mol·L-1。方法用于盐酸表阿霉素注射液的测定,加标回收率在95.9%~97.7%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于2%。     

石墨烯-金纳米粒子复合膜修饰电极的制备及对双酚A的测定

采用电化学还原技术,通过一步电沉积制备了石墨烯-金纳米粒子复合膜修饰电极(ERGO-Au/GCE).采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和循环伏安(CV)法对修饰电极进行了表征,并研究了双酚A(BPA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为.结果表明,所制备的复合物修饰电极对双酚A有明显的电催化效果.在p H=6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,双酚A在0.3~1.0 V扫描电位范围内有1个不可逆的氧化还原峰出现.在优化的条件下,双酚A的浓度在3.00×10-8~1.30×10-5mol/L范围内与其氧化峰电流呈线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-8mol/L(S/N=3).将该修饰电极用于饮用水和塑料制品中双酚A含量的测定,回收率为96.4%~103.5%.     

双酚A在介孔碳修饰电极上的电化学行为及其测定

采用壳聚糖(CTS)作为有序介孔碳的分散剂,制备了有序介孔碳修饰玻碳电极(OMC/CTS/GCE).用循环伏安法(CV)研究了环境激素双酚A在有序介孔碳修饰电极上的电化学行为.结果表明,介孔碳修饰电极对双酚A有强烈的电催化作用,在pH 8.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,双酚A在0.479 V处有1个明显的氧化峰,峰电流与双酚A浓度在4.5×10-8～1.2×10-5 mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为2.0×10-8 mol·L-1(S/N=3,n=8).该法用于湖水样品中双酚A含量的测定,回收率为98%～104%,并与荧光法对照,测定结果吻合.     

ZnO/石墨烯修饰电极的制备及电化学性能研究

采用水热法合成了纳米氧化锌-氧化石墨烯复合材料,并基于该复合材料构制了一种新型双酚A传感器,研究了该传感器的电化学行为。结果表明,在含8.0×10-5mol/L CTAB的p H 7.0磷酸盐缓冲液中,双酚A在0.573V处出现1个不可逆的氧化峰,具有良好的电化学响应;其氧化峰电流与浓度在1.0×10-8~4.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为5.0×10-9mol/L;对模拟环境水样中双酚A进行3次平行测定的回收率在96.3%~101.9%之间,相对误差在1.2%~3.8%范围内。该传感器具有灵敏度高、线性范围宽的特点。     

石墨烯-纳米金复合物修饰电极用于异烟肼及抗坏血酸的同时测定

制备了石墨烯-纳米金(GR/Au)复合物修饰的玻碳电极,并将其用于异烟肼(INZ)和抗坏血酸(AA)的同时检测。在0.1 mol·L-1PBS(pH 3.5)缓冲溶液中,采用循环伏安法分别考察了INZ及AA的电化学行为。结果显示,INZ及AA的氧化峰电流均与扫速(50~300 mV·s-1)的平方根呈良好线性关系,且复合物修饰电极对INZ及AA的氧化显示出高的催化性能,二者之间产生明显的峰分离(ΔV=170 mV)。在最优实验条件下,当AA存在时,INZ的氧化峰电流与其浓度在3.0×10-6~1.5×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,其检出限为8.0×10-7mol·L-1。而当INZ存在时,AA的氧化峰电流与其浓度在3.0×10-5~1.0×10-3mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,其检出限为6.0×10-6mol·L-1。将此修饰电极用于药物中INZ及AA的测定,结果满意。     

水分散性石墨烯的制备及其电化学传感器在测定福莫特罗酒石酸盐中的应用

在碱性条件下用NaBH4还原氧化石墨烯(GO),成功制备水分散性良好的石墨烯。用制备的石墨烯修饰玻碳电极,并通过循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了福莫特罗酒石酸盐在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。优化DPV条件下,福莫特罗酒石酸盐的氧化峰电流与浓度在3.64×10-7~1.64×10-4 mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系(r=0.9978),检出限为7.89×10-8 mol·L-1。电化学测试结果表明,石墨烯修饰玻碳电极具有响应时间快、重现性和稳定性好的特点,可用于福莫特罗酒石酸盐的检测。     

聚组氨酸/石墨烯修饰玻碳电极测定曲克芦丁

将石墨烯涂覆在玻碳电极表面,制备了石墨烯/玻碳电极(Gr/GCE)。用循环伏安法(Cyclic voltammetry,CV)将组氨酸修饰在石墨烯/玻碳电极表面,制成了聚组氨酸/石墨烯玻碳电极(polyHiS/Gr/GCE)。用该修饰电极对曲克芦丁水解物进行电化学检测,实验表明,在最优条件下,该修饰电极对曲克芦丁水解物有显著的电催化作用,其氧化峰电流与其浓度在2.0×10-6~4.0×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为R=0.9996,检出限为1.25×10-6mol·L-1。此方法可应用于实际样品的测定。     

聚酸性蓝62膜修饰电极对双酚A的电催化氧化及其应用

在玻碳电极上制备了聚合酸性蓝62(PAB)膜电极,并用于双酚A(BPA)的电化学测定。BPA在PAB膜修饰电极上产生一个灵敏的氧化峰,与裸电极相比,其峰电位负移100mV。氧化峰电流与BPA浓度在2.0×10-7～4.0×10-6 mol.L-1和8.0×10-6～2.0×10-4 mol.L-1范围内呈良好线性关系,检出限为2.0×10-8 mol.L-1。该法可用于实际样品中BPA的测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).