转台工作面角位置测量装置误差分析与补偿

针对特定转台轴端角位置检测误差不能反映实际产品工作面空间角位置的问题,介绍了一种以圆光栅和水平电容传感器作为测角元件的转台工作面空间角位置定位测量装置。以提高空间测角精度为目的,重点对装置各项误差因素进行归类分析。除光栅和传感器分别存在的分系统测角误差外,测量装置还存在转轴与测量基面不平行、传感器敏感轴与测量基面不平行等误差项。为修正测角系统误差,根据圆光栅旋转面、传感器敏感轴、转轴轴系、测量基面的空间几何关系建立数学模型,分析系统误差影响因素。最后利用分度误差在0.3″高精度转台对校准装置进行标定,并利用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络建立误差补偿模型,对系统测角精度进行修正,使系统最大误差值由13.75″下降至2.9″,满足了3″以内的测角精度需求。     

基于准单色照明光源系统的能量监测系统设计

基于连续可调谐均匀单色照明光源系统的能量监测系统,主要是用于监测和采样待测探测器接收的相对光谱能量,实现能量监测和量子效率的测量。具体方法是在积分球侧壁放置监视探头,用于监测和采样待测探测器接收的相对光谱能量。为了保证能量监测系统的精度和准确性,需要对监测系统的3个监视探头进行相对光谱响应度定标,以提高系统精度。设计结果为表面能量监测系统其光谱监测范围为300nm～2200nm,其光源能量监测范围为100pW～100nw,实现了用于光源能量监测和量子效率的测量目的。     

HTK-499探头角度校正架设计

依据探测器扫描轴温的空间位置关系设计探头角度校正架,满足探测器的温度定标及探测器探测角度调整的需要。     

一种三轴转台角位置定位校准装置的实现方法

为了解决三轴转台角位置定位参数校准的问题,设计并实现了一种校准装置。该装置由光学编码盘、角度测量杆、测量基准杆、定位安装平台、连接工装、数码显示器等组成,选取光电轴角编码器为角度测量基准,设计了连接工装轴紧密连接、角度测量杆动态连接的半刚性耦合方式。实践证明：该装置具有操作简单、测量速度快等特点,测量准确度能满足三轴转台角位置定位校准的需求     

磁光阱异面空间角度测量及测量不确定度评定

随着空间几何量精密测量技术在装备制造工业的制造与装配过程中应用越来越广泛,角度计量正在从平面角度向空间角度发展。针对磁光阱的异面空间角度进行测量,使用平行平晶作为标准平面引出待测面法向量,并将其空间角度有效的划分成水平投影角和竖直投影角两个平面角度进行测量,保证了空间角度的可溯源性,得到磁光阱各待测面法向量间的空间角度偏差最大值为0.286 0 mrad;然后通过蒙特卡洛法评定该方法的测量不确定度为0.095 9 mrad;最后与三坐标测量机法比对结果中偏差最大值为0.184 2 mrad,在考虑待测面平面度指标为±0.145 4 mrad时,二者的一致性良好。目前该方法已在NIM5铯原子喷泉钟物理真空子系统的研制中进行了应用,证明了该方法能够满足测量的准确度要求。     

二维光电水平倾角测量系统

针对高端装备制造中对大尺度机床误差测量与补偿的要求,本文基于光学自准直原理和液体表面反射原理,研制了一种二维光电水平倾角测量系统以实现对机床滚转角和俯仰角的测量。该系统使用半导体激光器发射激光,经光学自准直系统于待测硅油表面将被测倾角放大二倍。然后,由位置敏感探测器感测光斑位置变化,输出包含角度信息的光电流信号,并由低噪声四路同步微弱信号处理电路进行相同倍数的放大以减小误差。最终,由高速采集卡进行数据采集,经均值滤波、曲线拟合、解算处理后将其转化为倾角信息,从而实现二维角度测量。在光学平台进行了对比实验,结果表明:测量系统在-10~10mm/m(约为-2 000″~2 000″)量程内,角度测量误差小于±0.050mm/m(约为±10″),线性度优于0.25%,满足大尺度机床二维水平倾角检测对大量程、高精度、高稳定性的要求。     

快速光谱光度计的研制

基于多通道技术和脉冲照明光源,采用自扫描光电二极管阵列(SPD)作为光电探测器,研制成快速的光谱光度计。经过精密的波长定标和光谱反射比定标,在专用PC计算机控制下结合软件功能,实现对物体表面色的快速高精度测量。     

探测器光谱灵敏度测试装置

本装置是一多功能光谱测试装置,适用于对红外探测器作宽范围光谱灵敏度的测量,以及红外光源光谱能量分布测量。整个装置由光学系统、电信号处理系统和数据自动记录系统组成。光谱响应的波长范围为1～50μm,在1～10μm波长范围内已校正的波长准确度为±0.1μm,其相对光谱灵敏度分布的重复性为2％。由于采用参比探测器方法组成双光路分光系统,以及锁相放大技术,消除了辐射源光谱分布的选择性和反射及吸收形成的能量损失对测量带来的影响。同时有效地抑制了噪声,提高了系统测试的信噪比,使装置的噪声等效功率达到NEP<7×10~(-11)W/HZ1/2。     

压电陶瓷精密转动平台的转角精度测量

提出了一种亚角秒精度的转角测量方法。利用ZYGO数字干涉仪测量压电陶瓷转动平台驱动待测标准平面镜偏转前后镜子面形精度的PV(Peak Valley)值,二者的差值除以待测标准平面镜的直径,其结果近似等于压电陶瓷转动平台转动的角度。通过测量与误差分析,验证了压电陶瓷转动平台的转角精度小于1 μrad(0.2″),而测量的总误差和压电陶瓷转动平台移动的角度大小有关,移动距离越大,产生的误差越大,但其相对误差小于1％。本测量方法证明压电陶瓷精密转动平台转角精度达到了极紫外太阳望远镜(EUT)0.8″的角分辨率的要求。     

基于ECPR的紫外探测器绝对光谱响应测试系统

在研制电定标热释电辐射计(electrically calibrated pyroelectric radiometer,ECPR)的基础上,设计和研制了紫外探测器绝对光谱响应测试系统.系统由紫外光源、光栅单色仪、移动探测器平台、弱信号检测仪器以及计算机和软件组成.测试采用参考探测器和待测探测器的光谱响应度比较的方法完...     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.