对偶树复小波阈值降噪法及在机械故障诊断中的应用

为有效提取强噪声背景下微弱故障信号,提出了一种基于对偶树复小波的阈值降噪方法及其小波滤波器的设计原则,将其应用于机械故障诊断,取得了较好效果.阐述了对偶树复小波变换滤波器的设计要求和对偶树复小波阈值降噪法的实施步骤.该法充分利用了对偶树复小波变换的平移不变性的优良特性,试验表明:此法可以获得比常规的离散小波降噪更高的信...     

基于最优Morlet小波的滚动轴承故障诊断

将最优Morlet小波和阈值降噪法相结合,进行强噪声背景下滚动轴承故障诊断.依据峭度最大准则确定最优Morlet小波基.利用连续小波变换和软阈值法对振动信号降噪.试验表明,该方法具有良好的去噪性能,并能更好地提取滚动轴承振动信号中的故障特征.     

基于小波半软阈值和EMD的旋转机械故障诊断

将小波半软阈值法和经验模态分解(EMD)结合,提出了基于小波半软阈值的经验模态分解降噪方法。该方法首先利用小波半软阈值法减少随机噪声干扰,减小经验模态分解的分解层数及边缘效应的影响,然后进行适当的经验模态分解相关度消噪后处理,在有效降噪的同时较好地保存了原信号的有用信息。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法可实现噪声环境下旋转机械故障特征的有效提取,从而实现故障诊断。     

对偶树复小波流形域降噪方法及其在故障诊断中的应用

滚动轴承工作环境比较复杂,现场测得的振动信号往往含有大量噪声且滚动轴承早期故障特征比较微弱容易被噪声所淹没,如何有效降低滚动轴承故障信号中的噪声准确提取故障特征是一个难题。将流形理论与对偶树复小波(Dual-tree complex wavelet transform, DTCWT)方法结合,提出一种对偶树复小波流形域降噪方法。将轴承振动信号进行对偶树复小波分解构造高维信号空间,然后利用最大方差展开流形算法(Maximum variance unfolding, MVU)提取高维信号空间中的真实信号子空间,去除噪声子空间,充分利用了MVU的非线性特征提取能力以及DTCWT的完全重构特征和平移不变性。运用仿真数据和滚动轴承工程信号对降噪方法进行检验,结果表明DTCWT_MVU可以有效消除轴承信号中的噪声成分,保持信号特征波形,提高信噪比,具有较强的工程使用价值和通用性。     

基于平移不变多小波变换的齿轮故障诊断

机械设备发生故障时,反映设备故障特征的振动信号常淹没在背景噪声中,直接做频谱分析,很难提取其故障特征。将平移不变多小波降噪方法应用到仿真加噪冲击信号,提取出隐藏在噪声中的冲击特征。然后将该方法应用于齿轮箱试验台信号分析中,试验结果表明,平移不变多小波降噪方法能够有效地提取出齿轮箱断齿故障的冲击特征频率,诊断出齿轮箱的断齿故障,为故障诊断提供了准确的依据。仿真与试验分析验证了平移不变多小波降噪方法在故障诊断中的有效性。     

双树复小波和中值滤波在机械故障监测中的应用北大核心

在双树复小波构造设计方法的基础上,将其与中值滤波有机结合,提出了一种DT-CWT中值滤波降噪法。通过仿真检测验证了其降噪效果,并将其应用于水轮机轴承振动信号故障监测,取得了预期效果。试验表明:相对常规小波降噪,该方法可以获得更高的信噪比,有效降低高斯白噪声,去除随机脉冲噪声,并完整再现冲击故障特征信息,通过与周期性冲击频率信息的对比实现机械故障监测诊断。     

基于软阈值和小波模极大值重构的信号降噪

软阈值小波降噪是一种常用的非平稳信号特征提取方法.为了改进软阈值小波降噪法的性能,提出一种基于软阈值和二进小波变换模极大值的新小波降噪方法.首先,对信号进行二进小波变换,再对小波系数进行软阈值处理;然后,选择由信号产生的小波系数模极大值点;最后,用交替投影算法重建信号.理论分析表明,该方法能有效地降低软阈值小波降噪法的误差下界.仿真试验表明,该方法提高了降噪结果的信噪比,且较好地保留了信号中的奇异性.将该方法和二进小波变换软阈值降噪法结合起来,应用于滚动轴承故障振动信号降噪.结果表明,该方法能有效地提取到信号中的冲击特征.     

静态小波相关滤波法在振动信号处理中的应用

为了有效提取振动信号中的故障特征,本文提出将静态小波变换和尺度相关滤波相结合的方法.先对信号进行静态小波分解,再利用尺度相关法分离信号与噪声,提出了一种针对振动信号的噪声能量阈值估计算法.利用连续小波变换和尺度相关对振动信号降噪.实例分析表明,该方法具有良好的去噪性能,并能更好的提取振动信号中的故障特征.     

基于双树复小波变换与样本熵的自适应降噪法

为了实现工程机械结构监测信号降噪效果的评价,将样本熵的概念引入双树复小波分解中,提出基于双树复小波变换（dual?tree complex wavelet transform, 简称DT?CWT）与样本熵（sample entropy,简称SE）相结合的监测信号自适应降噪方法（DT?CWT?SE）。首先,采用双树复小波变换对含有噪声的监测信号进行多层分解;其次,分别计算双树复小波分解所得的各尺度细节分量样本熵与相邻尺度细节分量的样本熵的差值,通过比较相邻各尺度样本熵之差的大小确定双树复小波最优分解层数;最后,根据各尺度样本熵的变化规律确定各层小波系数的降噪阈值,对降噪后的小波系数进行重构以实现信号自适应降噪。仿真分析与实验对比结果表明：该方法对监测信号去噪较彻底,且降噪后的信号失真度小,降噪效果以及保留原信号信息完整性的能力明显优于传统小波阈值降噪法。     

基于Morlet小波与最大似然估计方法的降噪技术

采用与冲击信号匹配的Morlet小波作为小波基对信号进行小波变换,利用冲击信号的概率密度特征,结合最大似然估计的阈值方法进行降噪,以提取周期性的冲击信号。通过对减速箱故障信号进行降噪,提取出周期性的故障特征信号,表明该方法可以有效地去除强噪声干扰,提取振动冲击信号     

NEW METHOD OF EXTRACTING WEAK FAILURE INFORMATION IN GEARBOX BY COMPLEX WAVELET DENOISING

Because the extract of the weak failure information is always the difficulty and focus of fault detection. Aiming for specific statistical properties of complex wavelet coefficients of gearbox vibration signals, a new signal-denoising method which uses local adaptive algorithm based on dual-tree complex wavelet transform （DT-CWT） is introduced to extract weak failure information in gear, especially to extract impulse components. By taking into account the non-Gaussian probability distribution and the statistical dependencies among wavelet coefficients of some signals, and by taking the advantage of near shift-invariance of DT-CWT, the higher signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） than common wavelet denoising methods can be obtained. Experiments of extracting periodic impulses in gearbox vibration signals indicate that the method can extract incipient fault feature and hidden information from heavy noise, and it has an excellent effect on identifying weak feature signals in gearbox vibration signals.     

全信息小波包分析及其在旋转机械故障诊断中的应用

针对传统旋转机械单通道故障诊断的不足，结合设备状态检测和故障诊断中微弱振动信号难以提取的问题，在介绍全信息技术的基础上，提出新的信号处理方法——全信息小波包分析，用小波包变换对双通道信号分别进行分解，以提取信号中的微弱局部成分，把需要的对应小波包进行重构并用全矢谱技术进行融合，根据融合后的数据进行故障诊断。工程应用实践表明，全信息小波包分析是一种新的、较为实用的信号处理方法。     

Rolling element bearing fault detection based on optimal antisymmetric real Laplace wavelet

The presence of periodical impulses in vibration signals usually indicates the occurrence of rolling element bearing faults. Unfortunately, detecting the impulses of incipient faults is a difficult job because they are rather weak and often interfered by heavy noise and higher-level macro-structural vibrations. Therefore, a proper signal processing method is necessary. We proposed a differential evolution (DE) optimization and antisymmetric real Laplace wavelet (ARLW) filter-based method to extract the impulsive features buried in noisy vibration signals. The wavelet used in paper is developed from the fault characteristic signal model based on the idea of sparse representation in time-frequency domain. We first filter the original vibration signal using DE-optimized ARLW filter to eliminate the interferential vibrations and suppress random noise, then, demodulate the filtered signal and calculate its envelope spectrum. The analysis results of the simulation signals and real fault bearing vibration signals showed that the proposed method can effectively extract weak fault features.     

强噪声背景下的滚动轴承故障微弱信号检测新方法

分析共振解调技术和小波变换在滚动轴承故障诊断中存在的不足,提出一种用于提取滚动轴承微弱信号的新方法,该方法将时间序列模型(AR模型)和多重自相关方法应用于滚动轴承信号降噪,再利用小波包络分析,提取出反映滚动轴承故障的特征频率。通过对新方法包络谱特征的自动提取,实现了基于支持向量机(SVM)的智能诊断。实际试验验证了新方法的正确有效性。     

Application of an improved kurtogram method for fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings

Kurtogram, due to the superiority of detecting and characterizing transients in a signal, has been proved to be a very powerful and practical tool in machinery fault diagnosis. Kurtogram, based on the short time Fourier transform (STFT) or FIR filters, however, limits the accuracy improvement of kurtogram in extracting transient characteristics from a noisy signal and identifying machinery fault. Therefore, more precise filters need to be developed and incorporated into the kurtogram method to overcome its shortcomings and to further enhance its accuracy in discovering characteristics and detecting faults. The filter based on wavelet packet transform (WPT) can filter out noise and precisely match the fault characteristics of noisy signals. By introducing WPT into kurtogram, this paper proposes an improved kurtogram method adopting WPT as the filter of kurtogram to overcome the shortcomings of the original kurtogram. The vibration signals collected from rolling element bearings are used to demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed method compared with the original kurtogram. The results verify the effectiveness of the method in extracting fault characteristics and diagnosing faults of rolling element bearings.     

基于小波包的全信息解调方法及其应用

针对旋转机械故障信号的振动特点,将小波包络解调与基于数据融合技术的全矢谱相结合,提出一种诊断旋转机械调制信号的分析方法。首先,对安装在转子同一截面不同方向上的传感器信息同步整周期采样,对来自不同方向的时域信号分别采用小波包进行分解并重构,以实现带通滤波的效果;然后,采用全矢谱技术对两组重构信号进行数据融合;最后,对合成后的信号做包络解调分析。通过仿真研究和工程实例分析可以得出,对来自同一截面、不同方向的时域信号分别作小波包络谱分析时,两者在能量分布和频谱结构上存在着较大差别,以致造成提取故障信息的不完整或造成误判、漏判。基于小波包的全信息解调分析方法通过对同源的双通道信号的有效融合,可全面地反映出信号中包含的不同调制信息。与基于全矢谱的传统包络解调分析进行对比分析,具有较好的分析结果和可信度。     

基于时频分析的雨刮直流电机故障分析

分别采用短时傅里叶变换和小波变换对雨刮直流电机的轴承异响和蜗轮蜗杆异响故障的振动和噪声信号进行了分析,得出了这两类故障的时频特性,为特征参数提取和实现故障诊断提供了直接依据。通过对比,初步验证了短时傅里叶分析和小波分析的正确性与适用性,发现小波分析更具有优势。     

Anti-aliasing lifting scheme for mechanical vibration fault feature extraction

A troublesome problem in application of wavelet transform for mechanical vibration fault feature extraction is frequency aliasing. In this paper, an anti-aliasing lifting scheme is proposed to solve this problem. With this method, the input signal is firstly transformed by a redundant lifting scheme to avoid the aliasing caused by split and merge operations. Then the resultant coefficients and their single subband reconstructed signals are further processed to remove the aliasing caused by the unideal frequency property of lifting filters based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique. Because the aliasing in each subband signal is eliminated, the ratio of signal to noise (SNR) is improved. The anti-aliasing lifting scheme is applied to analyze a practical vibration signal measured from a faulty ball bearing and testing results confirm that the proposed method is effective for extracting weak fault feature from a complex background. The proposed method is also applied to the fault diagnosis of valve trains in different working conditions on a gasoline engine. The experimental results show that using the features extracted from the anti-aliasing lifting scheme for classification can obtain a higher accuracy than using those extracted from the lifting scheme and the redundant lifting scheme.