大型水泵轴向后导叶叶片出口角对出水流道性能的影响

对低扬程大型泵站单管出水流道 ,水泵出口存在最优旋流 ,使水力损失最小 ,可以通过后导叶叶片出口角设计满足出流最优旋流要求。为此 ,提出了已建泵站和新建泵站泵后导叶—出水流道整体水力设计两种物理模型 ,目的是使流道水力损失最小。提出了平分分析法试验求解物理模型的方法和后导叶设计方法     

轴流泵出水流道水力损失试验研究

受导叶出流环量、出水弯管二次流等因素的影响,轴流泵单孔出水流道内为复杂的螺旋流,双孔出水流道左孔流量大于右孔流量,水力损失异常。采用五孔探针准确测定流道断面水流能量,实测分析出水流道水力损失特性,探讨减阻措施。结果表明,出水流道水力损失不符合与流量平方成正比的关系。与等圆出水管相比,渐扩出水流道可以减小水力损失,提高泵装置效率10％～30％;对单孔流道,轴流泵出口环量过大,增大了水力损失, 而微小环量会使水力损失略有减小;对双孔流道,两孔流量不等,存在偏流,水力损失增大。采用微小出流环量或无出流环量后导叶,可减小出水流道水力损失,提高泵装置效率6％-11％。     

立式轴流泵出水流道流场试验研究

大型低扬程水泵采用渐扩出水流道,出水流道水力损失占泵扬程的15%～20%左右。为立式轴流泵设计制作了不同扩散角、无中隔板和有中隔板多种透明出水流道,采用五孔探针测定和丝线观测出水流道内流场,研究流场形成机理,分析流动规律,并与等圆出水管内流动比较。结果表明,由于后导叶出流环量、泵轴旋转诱导、出水弯管二次流和扩散的影响,出水流道内为复杂的螺旋流,断面轴向流速和周向流速分布不均匀、不对称,不均匀程度大于等圆出水管内流动,断面环量有向周边集中的趋势。成果对大型轴流泵装置出水部分的优化水力设计,提高泵装置效率有重大意义。     

博斯腾湖东泵站水泵装置进出水流道优化水力设计

博斯腾湖东泵站扬程较低，进、出水流道形状复杂，压力场分布不均匀，水力损失在水泵装置中所占比重较大，故对泵站进出水流道进行优化数模计算以提高泵站水泵装置效率是非常必要的。     

轴伸式贯流泵装置全流场三维湍流数值模拟

为探讨轴伸式贯流泵装置双向运行时的内部流动结构并进行性能预测,应用三维湍流Navier-Stokes、Realizable 两方程湍流模型、壁面函数法和滑移网格技术,进行泵装置双向运行时的全流场三维湍流数值模拟研究。计算所采用的模型贯流泵具有特定的S形叶片及正向运行时的后置弯曲导叶。研究结果揭示了贯流泵装置正、反向运行时的全流道速度等值线、静压等值线、出水流道断面矢量及出水流道的流线形状特征,探讨在泵装置实际安装条件下泵与流道的相互影响,进行泵装置性能的数值模拟预测,并与试验结果进行比较分析。数值模拟结果表明,泵段的出口流态及导叶对流道的流动结构有很大的影响,扩散形流道对流道进口流态反映敏感,无导叶的直形泵装置出口扩散流道内的流动为轴向旋涡、环形旋涡、轴向流动的叠加,数值模拟计算预测泵装置性能的方法是有效、可行的,能够满足工程需要。     

进水流道对轴流泵装置水力性能的影响

分析比较了包括轴流泵水力特性、装置水力特性及进出水流道水力特性在内的三组模型试验资料,指出:进水流态显著地影响泵装置的特性;泵装置的水力特性并不是泵水力特性与流道水力特性的简单迭加;进水流道最优水力设计是获得优异的泵装置特性的重要条件之一.     

进水流道对轴泵装置水力性能的影响

分析比较了包括轴流泵水力特性，装置水力特性及进出水流道水力特性在内的三组练武试验资料，指出：进水流态显著地影响泵装置的特性；泵装置的水力特性不是泵力特性与流道水力特性的简单迭加；进水流道最优水力设计是获得优异的泵装置特性的重要的条件之一。     

斜轴伸泵装置水动力数值计算与模型试验

为研究斜轴伸泵装置的水动力特性,基于ANSYS CFX软件采用RNG k-ε湍流模型和可伸缩壁面函数对泵装置进行三维粘性湍流定常数值计算,计算区域包括叶轮、导叶和进、出水流道,共计算包括设计工况在内的9个工况点。计算结果揭示出该泵装置的内部流动特性,分析在叶轮旋转条件下斜15°进水流道出口断面的水力性能及其对叶轮进口断面相对高度位置的影响和叶轮受水流作用力的分布规律,并探讨水力矩的变化规律及翼型附近的相对流速分布,给出参考的叶轮名义安装高度取值范围(0.7～0.9)D。通过数值计算预测了模型泵装置的水力性能并与物理模型试验结果进行对比,预测的效率值和试验值最大绝对误差为5.01%,最优工况与设计工况时扬程的相对误差、效率的绝对误差均在3.5%以内。     

立式轴流泵装置流道内部流动特性及消涡试验

采用数值计算和高速摄影技术研究分析了立式轴流泵装置的箱涵式进水流道水力特性,数值预测的附底涡与高速摄影捕捉到的附底涡均发生于喇叭管正下方,各工况时附底涡的运动轨迹较为一致,表明了数值计算的有效性。相比无消涡锥的进水流道,有消涡锥时进水流道出口断面的轴向速度分布均匀度平均提高了0.423%,速度加权平均角平均提高0.397°。设计的复合型消涡短锥可消除各工况运行时箱型进水流道附底区的涡带,提高泵装置运行的安全可靠性。对于箱涵式进水流道,为保证泵装置的安全稳定运行,需在流道附底区设置消涡装置。     

大型双向流道泵装置优化与试验研究

引江济淮工程枞阳泵站采用双向流道立式轴流泵装置型式。根据枞阳泵站的控制性尺寸,对双向进出水流道进行了参数化数学建模。基于Isight多学科优化平台,搭建了双向进出水流道的水力优化设计平台。采用多岛遗传算法对优化目标进行寻优,得到了高效双向进出水流道型线优化结果,并与TJ04-ZL-20水力模型匹配得到高效泵装置。通过泵装置模型试验可知,枞阳泵站模型泵装置在装置扬程为5.67 m时,泵装置最高效率达到78.59%,已达到了单向立式泵装置的较高水平,为双向流道立式泵装置的进一步推广和应用提供了参考。     

Test investigation on hydraulic losses in the discharge passage of an axial-flow pump

In a discharge passage with a guide blade discharge circulation and secondary flow because of bend pipe, the flow in a 1-channel discharge passage of an axial flow pump is a complicated spiral flow. For a 2-channel passage, the discharge in the left channel is bigger than that in the right, and the passage hydraulic losses are abnormal. In this study, the section current energy of the passage is accurately measured and determined with a 5-hole probe. The hydraulic loss characteristics are determined and analyzed. The methods deducing the hydraulic losses are investigated. The results indicate that the passage hydraulic losses are not proportional to the flow discharge. Compared with a circular pipe, the hydraulic losses of a divergent discharge passage are smaller and the pump assembly efficiency is 10%–30% higher. As for the 1-channel passage, the axial-flow pump outlet circulation is usually too big; the passage hydraulic losses are also big, but a small circulation can slightly reduce hydraulic losses. As for the 2-channel passage, discharges in the two channels are not equal and the hydraulic losses increase. The outlet guide blade with a small discharge circulation or without circulation could reduce discharge passage hydraulic losses and increase pump assembly efficiency by 6%–11%. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2006, 42(5): 39–44 [译自: 机械工程学报]     

大型斜流泵模型泵装置水力性能的研究

为了探讨斜流泵段与泵装置水力损失及空蚀试验的异同点,以河海大学多功能水力试验台为基础,通过试验测量和计算,对比分析斜流泵段和斜流泵装置的水力损失及有效空蚀余量。结果表明:斜流泵段在叶片安装角度较小时,其水力损失由叶片表面摩擦损失和出口混合损失决定,而当叶片安装角度增大时,其水力损失由进口撞击损失决定;泵装置较泵段水力损失变化稳定但变化幅度较大;斜流泵装置与泵段在设计扬程附近有效空蚀余量随叶片安装角度增大而增大,但在偏离设计工况时数据变化无明显规律,且斜流泵装置与泵段比较有效空蚀余量总体偏小。     

Effects of meridional flow passage shape on hydraulic performance of mixed-flow pump impellers

During the process of designing the mixed-flow pump impeller, the meridional flow passage shape directly affects the obtained meridional flow field, which then has an influence on the three-dimensional impeller shape. However, the meridional flow passage shape is too complicated to be described by a simple formula for now. Therefore, reasonable parameter selection for the meridional flow passage is essential to the investigation. In order to explore the effects of the meridional flow passage shape on the impeller design and the hydraulic performance of the mixed-flow pump, the hub and shroud radius ratio (HSRR) of impeller and the outlet diffusion angle (ODA) of outlet zone are selected as the meridional flow passage parameters. 25 mixed-flow pump impellers, with specific speed of 496 under the design condition, are designed with various parameter combinations. Among these impellers, one with HSRR of 1.94 and ODA of 90° is selected to carry out the model test and the obtained experimental results are used to verify accuracies of the head and the hydraulic efficiency predicted by numerical simulation. Based on SIMPLE algorithm and standard k-ε two-equation turbulence model, the three-dimensional steady incompressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved and the effects of different parameters on hydraulic performance of mixed-flow pump impellers are analyzed. The analysis results demonstrate that there are optimal values of HSRR and ODA available, so the hydraulic performance and the internal flow of mixed-flow pumps can be improved by selecting appropriate values for the meridional flow passage parameters. The research on these two parameters, HSRR and ODA, has further illustrated influences of the meridional flow passage shape on the hydraulic performance of the mixed-flow pump, and is beneficial to improving the design of the mixed-flow pump impeller.     

Computational study on the performance improvement of axial-flow pump by inlet guide vanes at part loads

In order to investigate the influence of adjustable inlet guide vanes on the hydraulic performance of axial-flow pump and impeller, the axial-flow pump with different inlet guide vane adjustable angles was simulated based on the RNG k-ε turbulent model and Reynolds time-averaged equations. The multivariate non-linear regression prediction model was established about the effect of adjustable inlet guide vane on the hydraulic performance of axial-flow pump based on the numerical simulation. The performance curves of axial-flow pump with different inlet guide vane adjustable angles were obtained by calculation, showing that the performance curve shifts towards larger flow volume in case the guide vanes are turned from positive to negative angle. With the increase of inlet guide vane positive angle, the optimum operating of pump is closer to smaller operating condition, but the hydraulic efficiency of pump is lower. The larger the flow is, the larger the decreasing amplitude of pump efficiency is. With the decreases of inlet guide vane negative angle, the higher hydraulic efficiency of pump increases first then decreases. The inlet guide vane angle affects the axial velocity distribution of the blade trailing edge.

     

Experimental study of the pressure fluctuations in a pump turbine at large partial flow conditions

Frequent shifts of output and operating mode require a pump turbine with excellent stability. Current researches show that large partial flow conditions in pump mode experience positive-slope phenomena with a large head drop. The pressure fluctuation at the positive slope is crucial to the pump turbine unit safety. The operating instabilities at large partial flow conditions for a pump turbine are analyzed. The hydraulic performance of a model pump turbine is tested with the pressure fluctuations measured at unstable operating points near a positive slope in the performance curve. The hydraulic performance tests show that there are two separated positive-slope regions for the pump turbine, with the flow discharge for the first positive slope from 0.85 to 0.91 times that at the maximum efficiency point. The amplitudes of the pressure fluctuations at these unstable large partial flow conditions near the first positive slope are much larger than those at stable operating condtions. A dominant frequency is measured at 0.2 times the impeller rotational frequency in the flow passage near the impeller exit, which is believed to be induced by the rotating stall in the flow passage of the wicket gates. The test results also show hysteresis with pressure fluctuations when the pump turbine is operated near the first positive slope. The hysteresis creates different pressure fluctuations for those operation points even though their flow rates and heads are similar respectively. The pressure fluctuation characteristics at large partial flow conditions obtained by the present study will be helpful for the safe operation of pumped storage units.     

基于AMESim液压隔膜计量泵阀滞后因素及影响的研究

为提高液压隔膜计量泵的使用性能,对泵阀滞后现象进行研究。分析液压隔膜计量泵的工作原理和机能,利用AMESim平台建立液压隔膜计量泵的整体仿真模型,根据影响泵阀滞后的曲柄转速和出口压力这两个主要因素,得到滞后角随曲柄转速的变化曲线和不同出口压力下出口流速随曲柄转角的变化曲线。研究了泵阀滞后对泵容积效率的影响,得出合理地改善曲柄转速可以减小泵阀滞后角,能够提高泵的容积效率和使用性能。     

高速航空柱塞泵研究现状

航空柱塞泵是飞机液压系统的核心动力元件,通过提高自身转速和压力来提高液压能源系统的功率密度。阐述了高转速航空柱塞泵的特点及分类,分析了高转速对航空柱塞泵带来的技术挑战,总结了国内外在高速柱塞泵研究领域的一些重要研究成果。详细阐述了航空柱塞泵在高速运动状态下的旋转组件动力学、吸油、排油、功率损失等特性,并提出了相应的防治措施。     

一种实用的混流泵叶轮设计方法

在对优秀水力模型统计的基础上，利用一元流动理论的基本思想，按照离心泵叶轮的设计思路，对设计过程中的重要参数如叶轮出口宽度，叶轮外径、叶片出口角等的选取进行了修正，提出了一种实用的混流泵设计方法。