基于可拓理论的产品配置设计

为实现计算机支持下的产品快速响应设计,提出了一种基于物元模型和可拓理论的产品快速配置设计方法.该方法首先建立形式化表达模块和模块族的物元模型.以产品族为基础,针对具体的客户需求,利用质量功能配置瀑布式分解方法对期望产品进行层次性展开,以获得期望模块物元.基于期望模块物元,采用相似匹配算法从模块族中模糊匹配出相似存在模块,以形成产品的初步配置方案.通过解析结构建模方法,确定相似存在模块变换的结构层次.通过相似存在模块的可拓变换,得到具体的期望模块,以建立产品结构方案.最后,以堆垛机为例,验证了产品快速配置设计方法的可行性.     

基于复杂网络的产品族结构建模及模块分析方法

将复杂网络理论应用于产品族结构建模中,提出产品族结构的零部件关系网络模型,零部件作为网络的节点,零部件之间的隶属关系作为网络的边,并在此基础上演化出产品族结构的模块关系网络模型.运用简单路径搜索等算法对各个节点的介数、次数和产品数等参数进行计算和统计.通过分析和比较这些参数,提出基于产品族结构网络模型的模块分类方法.在实例研究中,以某企业工业汽轮机产品族为例对上述方法进行验证.在分析网络模型相关参数的基础上,区分基本模块、必选模块和可选模块;寻找产品族中的关键模块并分析模块类型的转变是产品族演化的基础和关键.     

A methodology to define a reconfigurable system architecture for a compact heat exchanger assembly machine

Due to the unexpected, fast, and constant changes of market requirements and the hypercompetency, robust manufacturing systems are needed that adjust easily to operational variability and the customized product supply. The simply substitution of components, software, hardware, and/or their adaptation by parameters resetting are an attractive option to face this challenge. Short product life cycles are an undeniable consequence and evidence of this. For this reason, to develop products or services profitably in the product manufacturing field, it is common to use the product family concept, which involves sharing components, functional features, and manufacturing process, both to make a cheaper product development process and to obtain customized products. A new generation of manufacturing systems that deploy characteristics such as adaptability and flexibility responding to the market dynamics called reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) are required by market according to manufacturing experts. The manufacturing systems with modular architecture are the best way to meet flexible and adaptable RMSs because they allow reconfiguration by a simple module substitution or by resetting module operation parameters. This paper presents a design methodology developed to obtain modular RMS. The method integrates the utilization of modular architecture principles, selection algorithms (analytical hierarchical process), clustering algorithms (average linkage clustering algorithm), family product features and functional system analysis in the classical product design process. The methodology proposed allows defining the most adequate modular system architecture and the modular definition of the reconfiguration variables that are needed to reach the flexibility required. A real study case about a heat exchanger assembly machine is presented where this methodology is applied in order to present an evidence of its usefulness.     

面向绿色性能优化的产品族模块再设计优先次序识别

针对产品族绿色化过程中模块再设计优先次序识别问题，基于产品族层次结构模型提出功能模块通用性指标，以反映模块类型对再设计优先次序的影响；构建模块实例生命周期绿色性能评估模型，采用模糊层次分析法和灰色关联分析法来评价模块实例的绿色性能；以绿色性能评价值与通用性指标值之比来确定模块再设计优先次序；通过实例验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于功构单元的产品族规划方法

为更好地支持面向客户的产品多样化设计,提出了一种基于功构单元的产品族规划方法。该方法中,针对聚类细分的产品族客户需求,对其基本功能、扩展功能展开FBS(功能-行为-结构)进行功构分解,建立不同层次的功构单元;通过质量功能配置方法确定产品族及其功构单元的特征参数及其取值范围;采用功能流和IDEF0相结合的方法建立产品族FBS功构分解的底层功构单元的功能模型;基于该功能模型,通过谱系聚类建立产品族的不同层次的功构模块,确定基本功构模块、扩展功构模块;并由此通过功构单元结构及其特征参数的综合而建立基本模块族、扩展模块族,从而实现产品族规划。该方法应用于堆垛机的产品族规划,建立了堆垛机的功构模块及其产品族结构模型,从而验证了其可行性和有效性。     

基于功构单元的产品族规划方法

为更好地支持面向客户的产品多样化设计,提出了一种基于功构单元的产品族规划方法。该方法中,针对聚类细分的产品族客户需求,对其基本功能、扩展功能展开FBS(功能-行为-结构)进行功构分解,建立不同层次的功构单元;通过质量功能配置方法确定产品族及其功构单元的特征参数及其取值范围;采用功能流和IDEF0相结合的方法建立产品族FBS功构分解的底层功构单元的功能模型;基于该功能模型,通过谱系聚类建立产品族的不同层次的功构模块,确定基本功构模块、扩展功构模块;并由此通过功构单元结构及其特征参数的综合而建立基本模块族、扩展模块族,从而实现产品族规划。该方法应用于堆垛机的产品族规划,建立了堆垛机的功构模块及其产品族结构模型,从而验证了其可行性和有效性。
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一种可视化设计结构矩阵的产品设计模块化识别方法

为识别和划分产品模块化设计中模块的优劣,提出了一种可视化设计结构矩阵方法.通过分析模块的基本特征,提出了模块强度的概念及计算准则.利用设计结构矩阵建模产品内组件间相互关系,运用遗传算法优化矩阵.计算矩阵中所有潜在模块的模块强度,应用不同透明度下的颜色填充技术实现模块识别的可视化,从而为不同需求下的产品模块的识别和划分提供基础.结合数控挽把机的模块识别实例,验证了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

基于公理设计和模块关联矩阵的产品族设计耦合分析

针对产品族设计耦合问题,分析比较了其与单一产品设计耦合的异同之处,提出了一种基于公理设计和模块关联矩阵的耦合分析方法。以公理设计为指导,进行功能需求分析及类型划分;分析了产品族客户需求、功能要求、设计参数和模块之间的对应关联关系,考虑适应性设计参数的影响度并将其分为两类以确定产品族的共性和差异性;从策略层面减弱产品族设计的耦合性。从操作层面的角度,根据设计参数零部件间的综合关联关系,通过聚类重构生成几个相互之间具有较小依赖度的模块,分析设计参数间的变更传播关系,建立产品族模块关联矩阵;从模块内部的耦合和模块之间的耦合两方面探讨了关联特性。最后通过电力液压盘式制动器实例阐述了产品族设计耦合分析过程。     

基于创成设计思想的可重构机床模块设置方法

建立合理的功能模块群是实现可重构机床方案重构的关键,基于创成设计方法建立了以镗铣加工为主的机床结构形态方案图谱,解决了机床模块划分时机床结构形态方案不足的问题。通过对机床结构形态方案的分析,划分出机床概念结构模块群;依据可重构机床模块功能自治原则,建立了机床概念功能模块群;将机床的概念功能模块、运动功能及被加工零件的工艺方案联系起来,建立了以工艺方案为依据的可重构机床功能模块群设置方法,并以某变速箱壳体件加工为例验证了该方法的可行性。     

面向大批量定制的可配置产品族模型及其规划

提出了可配置产品族模型的描述和规划方法。基于扩展的实体一关系语言，描述了可配置产品族模型的组成结构和可配置特征。分析了不同类型的个性化模块，以及可配置属性在产品配置设计中的作用。提出了可配置产品族模型中模块规划的一般准则和可配置属性的规划方法，以支持高效的产品配置过程，并保持产品族的共性最大化。最后，以蜗杆减速器为例，阐述了建立可配置产品族模型的主要步骤和优势。     

模块化机器人几何误差分析及参数辨识研究

为解决模块化机器人重构后误差的快速补偿问题,对模块化机器人几何误差来源进行分析,将其划分为模块参数误差和模块间装配参数误差.基于指数积公式和齐次变换对关节模块、连杆模块及模块间装配位姿进行数学描述,建立关节-连杆子装配体的实际运动学模型.给出一种基于精密球和外部测量的模块参数及模块间装配参数辨识方法,完成子装配体运动学...     

Disassemblability Modeling Technology of Configurable Product Based on Disassembly Constraint Relation Weighted Design Structure Matrix（DSM）

The current research of configurable product disassemblability focuses on disassemblability evaluation and disassembly sequence planning. Little work has been done on quantitative analysis of configurable product disassemblability. The disassemblability modeling technology for configurable product based on disassembly constraint relation weighted design structure matrix （DSM） is proposed. Major factors affecting the disassemblability of configurable product are analyzed, and the disassembling degrees between components in configurable product are obtained by calculating disassembly entropies such as joint type, joint quantity, disassembly path, disassembly accessibility and material compatibility. The disassembly constraint relation weighted DSM of configurable product is constructed and configuration modules are formed by matrix decomposition and tearing operations. The disassembly constraint relation in configuration modules is strong coupling, and the disassembly constraint relation between modules is weak coupling, and the disassemblability configuration model is constructed based on configuration module. Finally, taking a hydraulic forging press as an example, the decomposed weak coupling components are used as configuration modules alone, components with a strong coupling are aggregated into configuration modules, and the disassembly sequence of components inside configuration modules is optimized by tearing operation. A disassemblability configuration model of the hydraulic forging press is constructed. By researching the disassemblability modeling technology of product configuration design based on disassembly constraint relation weighted DSM, the disassembly property in maintenance, recycling and reuse of configurable product are optimized.     

基于多域互用的数控机床模块化配置设计

为实现数控机床各级功能部件的选型优配设计,提出一种多域互用的数控机床模块化配置设计方法。通过机床功能部件的机电液属性池定义模块,根据模块的隶属与层次关系创建产品偏序模板。定义关键模块、相关模块、虚拟模块,以表征各模块的优先级与重要性。根据零部件选型与优配约束,确定模块的实例化规则。由可比属性间的模糊隶属度推算两模块相关性,通过Karhunen-Loeve变换遴选出关键模块,根据支持矢量机多分类实现产品树重构。由布局设计促进模块实例化,由结构变异实现难直接重用零件的互用,根据设计需求输出模块化物料清单与装配体,最终实现多域互用的模块化配置设计。开发了模块化配置设计原型系统,应用于HMS系列某卧式加工中心设计,结果表明,通过属性—模块—模板的层级映射将已有的数控机床设计拓展到布局域—选配域—变异域多域互用的模块化配置设计,扩大了零部件借用范围,降低了不同布局的产品族间的非标件比率,有利于提高数控机床的设计效率和质量。     

A Schema for Flexile Equipment Control in Manufacturing Systems

In this work a methodology is proposed for increasing the flexibility of the control software of Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMSs). This greater flexibility is required due to factors such as uncertain product demand, uneven distribution of shop load, and machine or cutting tool unavailability. In the proposed framework the following modules were developed: (a) an automated process planning module which generates non-linear process plans for a given part, considering the shop floor resource availability; the non-linear plans include both material handling and material processing information; (b) a planning module that linearises the process plan aiming at minimising the total manufacturing time of the parts; (c) a NC program generation module, which generates the NC program for the chosen CNC machine(s). In order to increase the flexibility of the control software even more, a resource model was devised and implemented, which provides the necessary resource information for the above modules. Each of these modules is described within this paper, and details about the part and process plan representation necessary for this implementation are also given. A case study is presented in order to show the capability of the methodology.     

面向生命周期工程的产品模块化设计

模块化产品是由可拆卸的模块组成一这些模块可以独立制造,组装和维护。有些产品在退役时可以回收、可重用或者可再制造。模块化可以给产品生命周期方面带来很多好处,文中提出了一个面向生命周期工程的综合模块化设计方法。这个方法由三阶段组成：问题定义,联系分析和模块的形成。该方法定义了与设计目标相关的一些因素．通过联系分析把这些因素和设计元件关联起来,并把元件聚集成模块。     

CONCURRENT PRODUCT PORTFOLIO PLANNING AND MIXED PRODUCT ASSEMBLY LINE BALANCING

Reconfigurable products and manufacturing systems have enabled manufacturers to provide "cost effective" variety to the market. In spite of these new technologies, the expense of manufacturing makes it infeasible to supply all the possible variants to the market for some industries. Therefore, the determination of the right number of product variants to offer in the product portfolios becomes an important consideration. The product portfolio planning problem had been independently well studied from marketing and engineering perspectives. However, advantages can be gained from using a concurrent marketing and engineering approach. Concurrent product development strategies specifically for reconfigurable products and manufacturing systems can allow manufacturers to select best product portfolios from marketing, product design and manufacturing perspectives. A methodology for the concurrent design of a product portfolio and assembly system is presented. The objective of the concurrent product portfolio planning and assembly system design problem is to obtain the product variants that will make up the product portfolio such that oversupply of optional modules is minimized and the assembly line efficiency is maximized. Explicit design of the assembly system is obtained during the solution of the problem. It is assumed that the demand for optional modules and the assembly times for these modules are known a priori. A genetic algorithm is used in the solution of the problem. The basic premise of this methodology is that the selected product portfolio has a significant impact on the solution of the assembly line balancing problem. An example is used to validate this hypothesis. The example is then further developed to demonstrate how the methodology can be used to obtain the optimal product portfolio. This approach is intended for use by manufacturers during the early design stages of product family design.     

Development of a computer numerical control (CNC) modular fixture — Machine design of a standard multifinger module

This paper presents the first phase of our ongoing development of a computer numerical control (CNC) modular fixture involving the machine design of a standard multifinger module. The aim is to develop a modular fixture which consists of only one type of standard multifinger CNC module which can provide locating, supporting and clamping functions. The module consists of four fingers with eight degrees of freedom to conform to any arbitrary workpiece surfaces. The eight motions of the four fingers are controlled by one motor through the use of two transmission and clutch systems. Different fixture layouts or reconfigurations can be made by different combinations of a multiplicity of such modules for major product family changes; while adjustments to finger positions of individual modules can be made by direct computer numerical control for minor product changes within a product family. The machine design and operation of the module are presented in the paper. A prototype was built and tested and satisfactory performance was achieved. Finally, two examples are provided to illustrate the flexibility and use of the standard multifinger module.     

可重构卷筒纸包装机模块方案设计

企业产品链中各产品在功能上具有不同程度的相似性,为构建面向企业的可重构平台提供了必要条件;利用系统方法对产品在使用中物料流动顺序和变化进行分析,划分产品的功能模块;在企业产品链中依据相同功能将不同层次功能模块分成通用模块、类模块和概念模块;使企业产品由通用模块、类模块和概念模块组成;在设计时,通过调用通用模块和类模块,只对概念模块进行设计,以节约成本。该方法应用于企业包装机械产品设计,实现了产品的可重构性。     

Managing modularity in product family design with functional modeling

Recent market transition from mass production to mass customization forces manufacturers to develop product families with a common platform to increase design variety, shorten time-to-market, and reduce production costs. This paper presents a new functional modeling approach to support identification of both shared and individual behavioral modules across a family of products for module-based product family design. After separate functional modeling of each product variant, the individual functional models are merged into a single, coherent, and unified family functional model to determine all the shared and individual behavioral modules. The modularity in the family functional model is further explicitly identified using a behavioral modularity matrix of product variants versus behavior. The proposed approach provides a fast method for generating new concept variants during the conceptual design of a family of products. The rationale of managing modularity in product family design with functional modeling is manifested using a modular design example of a family of automatic assembly devices.     

Product modular design incorporating preventive maintenance issues

Traditional modular design methods lead to product maintenance problems, because the module form of a system is created according to either the function requirements or the manufacturing considerations. For solving these problems, a new modular design method is proposed with the considerations of not only the traditional function related attributes, but also the maintenance related ones. First, modularity parameters and modularity scenarios for product modularity are defined. Then the reliability and economic assessment models of product modularity strategies are formulated with the introduction of the effective working age of modules. A mathematical model used to evaluate the difference among the modules of the product so that the optimal module of the product can be established. After that, a multi-objective optimization problem based on metrics for preventive maintenance interval different degrees and preventive maintenance economics is formulated for modular optimization. Multi-objective GA is utilized to rapidly approximate the Pareto set of optimal modularity strategy trade-offs between preventive maintenance cost and preventive maintenance interval difference degree. Finally, a coordinate CNC boring machine is adopted to depict the process of product modularity. In addition, two factorial design experiments based on the modularity parameters are constructed and analyzed. These experiments investigate the impacts of these parameters on the optimal modularity strategies and the structure of module. The research proposes a new modular design method, which may help to improve the maintainability of product in modular design.